Hydrogen cyanide production by soil bacteria: Biological control of pests and promotion of plant growth in sustainable agriculture     

Anju SEHRAWAT  Satyavir S. SINDHU  Bernard R. GLICK 《土壤圈》2022,32(1):15-38

Currently, plant diseases and insect infestations are mainly controlled by the extraneous application of pesticides. Unfortunately, the indiscriminate use of such agrochemicals can cause ecological and environmental problems, as well as human health hazards. To obviate the potential pollution arising from the application of agrochemicals, biological control of soilborne pathogens or insect pests using antagonistic microorganisms may be employed. Certain soil bacteria, algae, fungi, plants and insects possess the unique ability to produce hydrogen cyanide(HCN), which plays an important role in the biotic interactions of those organisms. In particular, cyanogenic bacteria have been found to inhibit the growth of various pathogenic fungi, weeds, insects, termites and nematodes. Thus, the use of HCN-producing bacteria as biopesticides offers an ecofriendly approach for sustainable agriculture. The enzyme, HCN synthase,involved in the synthesis of HCN, is encoded by the hcnABC gene cluster. The biosynthetic regulation of HCN, antibiotics and fluorescent insecticidal toxins through the conserved global regulatory GacS/GacA system is elaborated in this review, including approaches that may optimize cyanogenesis for enhanced pest control. In addition, the effects of bacterially synthesized HCN on the production of indole acetic acid, antibiotics and fluorescent insecticidal toxins, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase utilization and phosphate solubilization may result in the stimulation of plant growth. A more detailed understanding of HCN biosynthesis and regulation may help to elaborate the precise role of this compound in biotic interactions and sustainable agriculture.  相似文献   

植物病原效应蛋白功能研究方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何燕华 《现代农业科技》2014,(4)

植株病原会分泌一些与植物相互作用的效应蛋白,这些蛋白在病原菌与寄主植物互作过程中起着重要作用。结合几种细菌、真菌分泌的效应蛋白研究进展,介绍了用于病原菌效应蛋白研究的试验方法及其独特之处,包括图位克隆、异源表达分析等,提出研究一个单一效应蛋白需要多种分析方法。  相似文献   

泰州市奶牛乳房炎调查及其病原菌的分离     

郁杰  葛竹兴  苏永芳  朱善元  蒋春茂  洪伟鸣  王妲妲  王付景 《广西农业生物科学》2010,(6):1108-1110

奶牛乳房炎是奶牛场的常发病和难以防治的疾病,为进一步了解引起奶牛乳房炎的病原微生物,本研究通过对泰州市3个奶牛场572头泌乳牛的乳房炎发病率进行了调查并对乳房炎主要病原菌进行分离和鉴定。结果表明,奶牛临床型乳房炎的发病率为7.69%,隐性型乳房炎发病率为56.64%,乳区阳性率为33.8%,其中临床型：隐性=1：7.36。从65份确定患有乳房炎的奶样中共分离获得8种细菌、156株分离株,且引起乳房炎的主要病原菌是金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌,其次是停乳链球菌、大肠杆菌、乳房链球菌和无乳链球菌,其检出率分别为42.31%、23.08%、8.97%、6.41%、5.13%和1.28%。该项调查结果初步明确了泰州市乳房炎发病情况,同时为进一步综合防治奶牛乳房炎和研制乳房炎治疗药物提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

Dealing with the variability in biofumigation efficacy through an epidemiological framework     

Natacha Motisi  Thierry Doré  Françoise Montfort 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(12):2044-2057

Biofumigation, as originally defined, is the use, in agriculture, of the toxicity of Brassica crop residues to control soilborne plant pathogens. This toxicity is specifically attributed to the release of toxic isothiocyanates, through the hydrolysis of glucosinolates present in the crop residues. This technique is considered a possible alternative to the use of pesticides, but field studies have generated conflicting data concerning the efficacy of biofumigation at field scale, limiting the use of this technique. Analytical studies based on a systematic approach involving evaluation of the potential effects of isothiocyanates can be used to address this problem in a rigorous manner. However, many recent studies have indicated that the mechanisms underlying biofumigation are much more complex than a simple toxic effect of residues. In this review, we dissect and discuss the problems encountered when trying to understand the variability in biofumigation efficacy and propose an integrative epidemiological approach to overcome these problems. This approach involves separating the effects of the different parameters of the system, such as the effects of different management phases of the biofumigant crop (i.e. the period of biofumigant crop growth and the phase during which crop residues are pulverised and incorporated into the soil) on the epidemiological mechanisms driving the development of an epidemic (density of primary inoculum and dynamics of disease progression). Finally, we propose new avenues of research into biofumigation in which the use of epidemiological tools and methods may improve our understanding of the factors underlying variation in the efficacy of biofumigant crops.  相似文献   

杉木五种斑痣盘菌科病菌的识别及学名商榷     

侯成林 《中国森林病虫》2000,19(1):3-5

经过数年调查发现,安徽省境内的杉木上斑痣盘菌科病原菌共4属5种,它们是杉生小双梭孢盘菌Bifusella cunnighamiicola Korf & Ogimi,皮特拉克散斑壳Lophodermium petrakii Durrian,毁坏舟皮盘菌Ploioderma destruens Y.R.Lin et Hou,汉德尔舟皮盘菌P.handelii (Petrak) Y.R.Lin et Hou和杉木小鞋孢盘菌Soleella cunnighamiae Shao et Zinno.文中描述了各种菌的主要特征,并编制了种的检索表以资识别.对于长期以来杉木落针病病原鉴定中所存在的同物异名问题也进行了商榷.  相似文献   

奶牛乳房炎防治研究进展   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

叶芬  曹杰  魏学良 《中国牛业科学》2007,33(5):53-55

奶牛乳房炎是危害奶牛养殖业常见的疾病之一.本文对控制奶牛乳房炎的经济意义、预防和治疗乳房炎及乳房炎防治研究方向等方面进行简要综述,为深入研究奶牛乳房炎的综合防治提供资料.  相似文献   

The Exploitation of Crop Allelopathy in Sustainable Agricultural Production   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

T. D. Khanh  M. I. Chung  T. D. Xuan  S. Tawata 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2005,191(3):172-184

Crop allelopathy may be useful to minimize serious problems in the present agricultural production such as environmental pollution, unsafe products, human health concerns, depletion of crop diversity, soil sickness and reduction of crop productivity. Several crops including alfalfa, buckwheat, maize, rice, rye, sorghum, sunflower, wheat, etc. are affected either by their own toxicity or phytotoxin exudates when their residues decompose in the soil, that show strong suppression on weed emergences. Allelopathic crops when used as cover crop, mulch, smother crops, green manures, or grown in rotational sequences are helpful in reducing noxious weeds and plant pathogen, improve soil quality and crop yield. Those crop plants, particularly the legumes, incorporated at 1–2 tons ha⁻¹ (alfalfa, buckwheat, rice by-products), which can give weed reduction and increase of rice yield by 70 and 20 %, respectively, are suggested for use as natural herbicides. Allelochemicals from allelopathic crops may aid in the development of biological herbicides and pesticides. Cultivating a system with allelopathic crops plays an important role in the establishment of sustainable agriculture. The introduction of allelopathic traits from accessions with strong allelopathic potential to the target crops will enhance the efficacy of crop allelopathy in future agricultural production.  相似文献   

Exploiting natural genetic diversity and mutant resources of Arabidopsis thaliana to study the A. thaliana–Plasmodiophora brassicae interaction     

K. Alix    C. Lariagon    R. Delourme    M. J. Manzanares-Dauleux   《Plant Breeding》2007,126(2):218-221

Clubroot, caused by the obligate biotroph Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron., is one of the most damaging diseases of Brassica crops in the world. Because the pathogen can infect all the Brassicaceae, including Arabidopsis thaliana, possible advantages have been found by identifying sources of resistance to P. brassicae in this model plant. Fifty‐seven ecotypes of A. thaliana, including the INRA Arabidopsis core collection, were assessed for resistance to clubroot disease. Ecotypes Burren (Bur‐0), Tsu (Tsu‐0) and Kaunas (Kn − 0) were identified as partially resistant to P. brassicae isolates eH and/or Ms6. Fifteen Arabidopsis mutant lines known for certain physiological processes potentially involved in the host‐pathogen interaction were evaluated for their resistance/susceptibility to P. brassicae. Mutant axr3‐1 appeared to be less susceptible than the wild type Columbia, supporting the hypothesis of the involvement of the auxin pathway in the development of clubs.  相似文献   

荸荠秆枯病菌生物学性状研究     

梁钧  赖传雅  黄健平  白志良  李界秋  杨少波 《广西农业生物科学》1995,(4)

荸荠秆枯菌（ＣｙｌｉｎｄｒｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍｅｌｅｏｃｈａｒｉｄｉｓＬｅｎｔｚ）生长发育温度８～３５℃，最适于菌丝体生长、产孢的温度为２５～３０℃，２０～２８℃孢子萌芽率较高。致死温度４６℃１０ｍｉｎ。病菌在ＲＨ７５％以上生长良好，其产孢量则随湿度升高而增加。ＲＨ８１％以上孢子可以发芽，饱和湿度再加水滴时发芽率最高。ＰＨ４．５０～９．１３均较适于病菌生长，产孢量则以在ＰＨ６．９４～９．１３时较多，ＰＨ４．２０～７．６０较适宜孢子发芽。连续黑光灯照射有促进孢子形成和菌丝体旺盛生长的作用。此菌对多种单糖、双糖和多糖都能利用，以蜜二糖、麦芽糖、葡萄糖等产孢量较多。适于病菌生长和产孢的氮源是甘氨酸、ＤＬ－α－氨基丙酸和氨基乙酸，脲素较差。  相似文献   

Resistance of ‘Roxana’ to powdery mildew and its presence in some European spring barley cultivars     

Antonín Dreiseitl 《Plant Breeding》2011,130(4):419-422

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