Genes for resistance to powdery mildew in European barley cultivars registered in the Czech Republic from 2011 to 2015          下载免费PDF全文

Antonín Dreiseitl 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(3):351-356

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is cultivated on 49.1 million hectares worldwide with 50.2% of the area located in Europe. Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), occurs wherever barley is grown. Cultivar resistance plays an important role in global barley production, especially in parts of Europe where high concentrations of both spring and winter types are grown. The aim of this report was to postulate specific resistance genes in barleys from nine European countries registered in the Czech Republic from 2011 to 2015. Thirty‐five spring cultivars and 27 winter barleys were tested with 56 diverse Bgh isolates. Twenty‐five known resistance genes were postulated, and unknown genes were detected in Sandra, Saturn and Zeppelin. Unidentified specific resistance genes were also present in winter hybrids Hobbit and Wootan. Spring cultivars Arthur and Francin consisted of three and two genotypes, respectively. Resistance gene mlo was present in 26 spring cultivars, and the proportion of cultivars with this gene increased from 62.9% in 2006–2010 to 75.7% in 2011–2015. The gene Mlp1 was identified for the first time in German winter cultivar Saturn. Five spring cultivars registered in Slovakia were included in the tests. All the cultivars that were tested contained one or more specific resistance genes to powdery mildew. Adaptability of the pathogen and possibilities for breeding winter barleys are discussed.  相似文献   

Characterization and pathogenicity of six Cytospora strains causing stem canker of wild apple in the Tianshan Forest,China     

Xiaojie Liu  Xiaoshuang Li  Tohir A. Bozorov  Rong Ma  Jinbiao Ma  Yiheng Zhang  Honglan Yang  Li Li  Daoyuan Zhang 《Forest Pathology》2020,50(3)

Cytospora species are capable of causing destructive cankers of stems belonging to a wide range of woody plant species. In severe cases, cankers may lead to dieback of twigs and branches. Little is known about the Cytospora species causing canker disease of wild apple (Malus sieversii) trees in the Wild Fruit Forest Reserve in Tianshan Forest, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. In this study, six Cytospora isolates belonging to two species were isolated from cankerous lesions of wild apple twigs. Based on multi‐locus phylogenetic analysis using three DNA markers (ITS, tef1‐α and tub2) and morphological characterization, these isolates were identified as Cytospora mali and Cytospora parasitica. Temperature trials (15, 20, 25 and 30°C) showed that the optimal growth temperature for six isolates was 25°C. At a variety of temperatures, C. mali isolates tended to grow faster than isolates of C. parasitica, with the C. mali isolate, EGI1 performing better than others with regard to growth rate. Morphological observations showed that these species exhibited a single locule without conceptacles, and the conidia length was 3–5 μm. In vitro inoculation trials of twigs and leaves of M. sieversii seedlings revealed that the C. mali isolates were highly virulent phytopathogenic fungi, whereas the C. parasitica isolates were less virulent. The isolate EGI1 was the most virulent isolate among the six isolates. This paper presents the first report of pathogenic Cytospora spp. of the M. sieversii Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Reserve of Yili, Xinjiang in China. It will aid in the understanding of how apple tree cankers are induced and provide disease management guidelines for M. sieversii forest conservation.  相似文献   

铁皮石斛PRC2复合体成员的鉴定及对胁迫响应的表达分析     

仇汉林  屈东海  陈东红  朱玉球  斯金平 《核农学报》2020,34(3):497-505

为了探讨PRC2复合体在铁皮石斛生长发育和胁迫响应中的功能,通过生物信息学方法筛选了铁皮石斛PRC2核心成员DcCLF、DcSWN、DcEMF2、DcFIE和DcMSI1,借助酵母双杂交技术分析了它们之间的互作关系,利用半定量PCR分析了PRC2核心成员的组织表达谱,通过荧光定量PCR检测了它们对非生物胁迫(低温、高温、脱水)和病害胁迫(齐整小核菌、灰葡萄孢霉菌)的响应情况。结果表明,铁皮石斛PRC2复合体包含5个成员:E(z)同源基因DcCLF和DcSWN、Su(z)12基因DcEMF2、ESC基因DcFIE、p55基因DcMSI1,且这5个成员间的互作关系基本符合模式植物的互作模式,也存在物种特异性,表明PRC2复合体在进化中既有保守性也有特殊性。PRC2核心成员在铁皮石斛根、茎、叶、花蕾、成花中均有表达,但不同基因的表达存在组织差异性。同时,PRC2成员响应不同的环境和病害胁迫:DcCLF受低温、高温和脱水等各种环境胁迫的显著诱导;DcMSI1和DcEMF2在齐整小核菌侵染下表达明显上调,而DcSWN在灰葡萄孢霉菌侵染下受诱导程度最大。铁皮石斛PRC2复合体在生长发育和胁迫应答中发挥重要作用,可为分子辅助育种提供关键靶标基因。  相似文献   

木寡糖提高拟南芥抗病性          下载免费PDF全文

缪金露  张华建 《中国生物防治学报》2021,37(1):150-155

木寡糖是一种植物源寡糖,对动物体的生理功能多且显著,而其是否作为寡糖素诱发植物防卫尚不明确.本文分析了不同浓度木寡糖诱导拟南芥植株对不同营养型病原的抗性.结果表明,木寡糖能诱发拟南芥对半活体病原细菌丁香假单胞菌番茄致病变种、活体病原烟草花叶病毒和死体病原真菌核盘菌的抗性,且具有剂量依赖效应,随着木寡糖浓度的提高到100...  相似文献   

陕西黄芩茎枯病病原菌的鉴定   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

常瑾  井金学  张海宽  杨敏娜  王喆之 《西北林学院学报》2006,21(3):81-82

对陕西商洛各黄芩种植区采集标样分离鉴定表明,引起商洛黄芩茎枯病的病原菌为天门冬茎点霉。回接及致病性测定表明,该菌的致病率为100%。  相似文献   

广西荸荠贮藏期腐烂病病原菌鉴定     

颜梅新  廖旺姣  袁高庆  韦继光  赖传雅 《广西农业科学》2009,40(7):840-843

对广西荸荠贮藏期腐烂病的发生危害和症状特点进行了调查和描述,并对825份标样进行分离、纯化,结果从中获得菌株431个,根据菌株病原菌的形态特征、致病性及rDNA—ITS序列分析,鉴定出广西荸荠贮藏期腐烂病的主病原菌是棘孢木霉（Trichoderma asperellum）及其他16种病原菌,从而明确了荸荠贮藏期病害发病规律及药剂筛选和防控技术的研究重点。  相似文献   

七叶树溃疡病病原真菌的分离与鉴别     

余仲东  张振  贺伟 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2009,37(5):119-123

【目的】分离和鉴别引起七叶树溃疡病的病原菌,为制定合理的防治技术提供依据。【方法】采用组织分离培养、人工接种、形态观察及核糖体转录间隔区序列(ITS-rDNA)分析,对引起七叶树溃疡病的水渍型溃疡病病原菌NW397和干腐型溃疡病病原菌NW3362种真菌进行鉴别与比较。【结果】引起七叶树溃疡病的病原为2种不同的真菌,并表现出不同的危害特征。水渍型溃疡病菌NW397 ITS-rDNA序列与多主葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea Sacc.)等的序列同源性高达99%;干腐型溃疡病菌NW336ITS-rDNA序列与乌饭树拟茎点菌(Phomopsisvaccinii)等的同源性高达95%以上。【结论】七叶树水渍型溃疡病菌定名为多主葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria do-thidea Sacc.),干腐型溃疡病菌定名为梨干枯拟茎点菌(Phompsis fukushii Tanaka et Mill)。  相似文献   

极端嗜热多肽的纯化、性质初探及对苗瘟的防效   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周华强  谭芙蓉  周颖  郑爱萍  李平 《西南农业学报》2007,20(6):1211-1216

本试验用加热法从多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)LM-3菌株的发酵液中纯化得到2个极端嗜热多肽。平板拮抗实验表明,5μl纯化多肽对稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea)抑菌率达89.6%。SDS-PAGE电泳显示纯化多肽分子量介于6 000~7000 Da之间。多肽复性后,其中之一对稻瘟病菌表现出强的拮抗活性,命名为APPLM3(Antagonism Polypeptide fromPaenibacilluspolymyxaLM-3);另一个则无此活性,命名为PPLM3(Polypeptide fromPaenibacillus polymyxaLM-3)。APPLM3经氨基酸测序,获得了其N-末端5个氨基酸序列(H2N-ANDPR);以该序列为靶序列在NCBI上进行相似性检索,发现其可能与3个假设蛋白(或推导蛋白)相关。以APPLM3为主效成分配得5种微生物源生防乳剂,对水稻苗瘟进行了田间防效试验。试验结果表明,这5种乳剂的防效都优于LM-3拮抗液直接喷雾,其中AB4处理的防效最佳,达80.73%,其拮抗成分、吐温80、乳化剂OP、溶剂的质量比为50∶6.5∶1.75∶41.75。APPLM3为首次报道的兼具极端嗜热性和稻瘟病菌拮抗活性的小分子多肽。  相似文献   

广西香蕉枯萎病的发生与病原鉴定   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

莫贱友  郭堂勋  李焜华 《广西农业科学》2008,39(4)

2001～2006年对广西主要产蕉区的24个市(县)的67个点进行了镰刀菌枯萎病调查,调查的品种有香蕉、红蕉、西贡蕉、牛角蕉以及野生蕉.调查结果发现,镰刀菌枯萎病对西贡蕉为害较为严重,病株率为4.5%～73.5%,而在香蕉和野生蕉资源材料上未发现枯萎病株;经病原菌致病性接种测定和PCR鉴定,确定广西主要蕉区发生的西贡蕉枯萎病是由香蕉镰刀菌枯萎病病原菌1号生理小种引起,在广西至今没有发现该病4号生理小种发生为害.  相似文献   

福建省番茄细菌性斑点病的病原鉴定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨春泉  陈宜修  林玉  蔡学清  邱思鑫  刘春莹  胡方平 《福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,37(6)

2006年在福建省闽清县种植的反季节番茄上发现一种细菌病害,从病叶和茎杆上共分离到15个细菌菌株,经柯赫氏法则证明均能在番茄上引起相同症状病害,而且从接种病株上又重新分离到了相同细菌.这15个菌株致病力均无明显差异.经革兰氏染色、培养性状、生理生化特性、16S rRNA基因序列等鉴定,确认为丁香假单胞杆菌番茄致病变种.寄主范围测定的结果表明,该病菌除侵染番茄外,人工接种尚能侵染茄子.  相似文献