Phototropic Leaflet Reorientation in Alfalfa Germplasm Selected for Leaf Color and Size     

R. L. Travis  R. Reed 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1990,165(4):281-286

Solar tracking has been described in several agronomic and wild species, yet variation within a given species has not been reported. To address that issue, photoperiod leaflet reorientation in response to vectorial light was measured in three alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) germplasm pools selected from the cultivar Ladak 65. Dark-leaf germplasm responded to all photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) (100 to 700 μmol/m²/s) with no detectable lag period. Following a 24-h dark treatment only high PPFD (600 to 700μmol/m²/s) elicited reorientation. Pale-leaf germplasm responded to intermediate (300 to 400 μmol/m²/s) and high PPFD in a similar manner; however, the low (100-125μmol/m²/s) PPFD treatment had little effect on reorientation. The 24-h dark treatment decreased reorientation at all PPFD. Small-leaf germplasm responded equally to all PPFD and was not affected by the 24-h dark treatment. The results suggest that available energy levels may influence the reorientation response. Carbonyl cyanide m -chlorophenylhydrazone, an inhibitor of photophosphorylation, and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, an inhibitor of non-cyclic photosynthetic electron transport, reduced reorientation only in the pale-leaf type. These results suggest that stored energy reserves were adequate to maintain leaflet reorientation in the absence of photosynthesis in all but the pale-leaf germplasm. In that germplasm photosynthetically generated energy may be required to support reorientation.  相似文献   

Climate-based estimates of forage yields in the prairie region of western Canada     

A. Bootsma  J.B. Boisvert  J. Dumanski 《Soil Use and Management》1995,11(2):55-62

Abstract. A forage model (FORYLD) was used to estimate average potential (constraint-free) yields ( B _y) and yields under rainfed conditions ( B _ya) of alfalfa and wheatgrasses for the prairie region of Western Canada. Yield estimates were determined using 30-year climatic means (monthly values) and assumed available water-holding capacities (AWC) of soils ranging from 50 to 280 mm as inputs to the model. Calculations were made for 252 areas or zones known as Agroecological Resource Areas (ARAs) for the region. Estimates of B _y for alfalfa ranged from over 17.5 t/ha, in areas where three cuts of alfalfa were feasible if the crop were fully irrigated, to less than 10 t/ha in some northern ARAs where restricted length of the growing season limited potential to only one cut. For wheatgrasses B _y ranged from 15 to 17.5 t/ha in most areas where two cuts are possible. Estimates of B _ya for alfalfa, based on the predominant AWC for soils in each ARA, ranged from less than 2 t/ha in the driest portion of the prairie region to more than 8 t/ha in the more humid areas. Yields of wheatgrasses were very similar to those of alfalfa in the driest zones but slightly more in some of the more humid regions. Effects of varying soil AWC on yield estimates are presented for the major soil groups of the prairies.  相似文献   

Variation in Crown and Root Organic Reserves Among Lucerne Genotypes of Different Morphology and Flower Colour     

F. Fornasier  L. Pecetti  E. Piano 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2003,189(2):63-70

Previous evidence indicates that differences in the concentration of underground organic reserves can drive the survival and growing ability of lucerne under cold and defoliation stresses. In order to provide the selection process with further information on compounds that may influence plant performance under grazing, we assessed variations in cold‐season concentrations of nitrogen and carbon reserves on genotypes that had been identified for morphological features that possibly enhance grazing tolerance. The selected genotypes encompassed distinct morphological patterns (defined as ‘models’) and different taxa within the Medicago sativa complex, as shown by different flower colours. Crown concentrations of reserves were determined on 90 genotypes, whereas root concentrations were measured on a subsample of 15 genotypes. Wide intergenotypic variation was observed for all reserve substances. Comparisons among models and among flower colour classes highlighted the high concentrations of crown carbohydrates and root and crown‐soluble proteins of the model coded as ‘D1’, characterized by prostrate, rhizomatous habit and long dormancy, which largely corresponded to plants with yellow or variegated flowers, typical of ssp. falcata and × varia, respectively. There was a strong ‘flower colour × storage organ’ interaction for sugar concentration, and the results suggested a preferential compartment of sugars in the roots of purple‐flowered genotypes that belonged to the ssp. sativa. A rank correlation analysis indicated a positive relationship between persistence after two years under grazing of half‐sib progenies deriving from 19 genotypes out of the 90 and crown concentrations of carbohydrates of the 19 mother plants.  相似文献   

鹰嘴紫云英与沙打旺苜蓿青草饲喂肉兔效果研究     

王建华  卢得仁 《畜牧兽医学报》1990,21(4):302-307

本研究选用2月龄比利时和大耳白肉用仔兔各30只,采用随机单位组法平均分为6组。饲养试验期90天,比较鹰嘴紫云英、沙打旺和苜蓿3种青草单喂和补精料对肉兔的饲喂效果和毒性反应。结果表明鹰嘴紫云英与沙打旺、苜蓿饲喂效果无显著差异,屠宰率高于沙打旺。育肥肉兔仍以补少量精料的饲喂效果为佳。 3种青草喂肉兔后经血液理化指标监测,屠体解剖,心、肝、肺、肾的病理剖解及组织学检查,结果证明:鹰嘴紫云英饲喂3～5月龄肉兔,无明显因中毒引起的任何变化,是安全的。  相似文献   

老化处理对几种牧草种子乙烯释放量的影响   总被引：10，自引：5，他引：5  

王彦荣  余玲 《草业学报》2001,10(1):64-70

探讨了不同老化处理对紫花苜蓿、光叶紫花苕、老芒麦和苏丹草种子萌发过程中乙烯释放量的影响 ,及乙烯释放量和发芽率的关系。结果表明 :35℃高温、10 %种子含水量条件下 ,不同贮藏时间的老化处理对 4种牧草种子乙烯释放量有显著影响 ,所有供试种随种子劣变 ,乙烯释放量下降 ,且释放高峰推迟。在测定期内 (2 2 h) 2种豆科牧草种子乙烯释放量和高峰出现的时间分别高于和早于 2种禾本科牧草 ;未处理种样平均每百粒种子乙烯释放总量 ,按供试种样计算为光叶紫花苕 (56 .0 nl) >紫花苜蓿 (2 0 .0 nl) >苏丹草 (17.4 nl) >老芒麦(10 .7nl) ,而按发芽种子计算为光叶紫花苕 (6 7.5nl) >紫花苜蓿 (2 5.8nl) >老芒麦(2 2 .3nl) >苏丹草 (2 0 .2 nl)。 4种牧草种子乙烯释放量与发芽率呈极显著的正相关 (p<0 .0 5) ,其决定系数 (r2 )从高自低依次为紫花苜蓿 0 .980、光叶紫花苕 0 .96 0、老芒麦 0 .952和苏丹草 0 .94 1。  相似文献   

杂交苜蓿(Medicago varia Martyn)根系特性的研究     

王立群  陈世璜 《内蒙古草业》2001,(2)

杂交苜蓿是野苜蓿 (M .falcata)和紫苜蓿 (M .sativaL .)的杂交后代 ,兼具亲本的许多优良性状 ,适于广泛栽培。对其在根系特性上所表现出的优势进行研究发现 :根颈处的劈裂将植株分为母株与子株 ,实现营养繁殖 ;位于茎基部的当年芽数量明显大于亲本 ,是地上生物量增长的基础 ;明显的缩根现象有利于茎基部和根颈顶部芽的产生和越冬 ;明显优于亲本的侧根与不定根 ,为根劈裂分株繁殖的植株提高地上生物量奠定了基础  相似文献   

红豆草、紫花苜蓿根瘤菌接种研究   总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16  

喻文虎  杨鹏翼  贾德荣 《草业科学》1995,12(3):22-25

依据豆科植物与其相应的根瘤菌可以共生固氮的生物学特性，对红豆草、紫花苜蓿进行根瘤菌接种试验，在各生育期就结瘤量、地上部鲜重、株高、产草量进行观测，结果表明：红豆草和紫花苜蓿接种根瘤菌后，可提高幼苗结瘤率，增加分枝期结瘤量和地上部鲜重，提高花期产草量，增加土壤中有机质和速效氮含量。  相似文献   

苜蓿与不同禾草混播的研究     

肖凤  闵继淳  晏华明 《新疆农业大学学报》1992,(3)

本文介绍了在乌鲁木齐灌溉条件下,苜蓿(Medicago varia Martyn)+无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis leyss);苜蓿+苇状羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.);苜蓿+猫尾草(Phleum pralenss L.);苜蓿单播;苇状羊茅及无芒雀麦单播等处理的混播试验。研究结果表明苜蓿与一种禾草混播比禾草单播显著增产。单播一种禾草产量很低不宜采用;建立打草人工草场,以苜蓿+无芒雀麦组合为好,建立打草和放牧兼用草场,以苜蓿+苇状羊茅为好。  相似文献   

张掖黑河灌区苜蓿高效灌溉模式研究     

王小军  成自勇  张自和  张步翀  李小玲  董国锋 《草业科学》2006,23(7):54-59

通过对黑河流域大满灌区灌溉试验,测定了不同生育年龄甘农3号苜蓿Medecago sativacv.GannongNo.3地上生物量,经统计分析建立了苜蓿地上生物量年际动态和不同生育年内各茬间动态变化规律,结果表明,不同年际间各茬产量在不同水分处理下水分利用效率存在明显差异。不同水分处理下产量的变化呈高-低-高的“S”型变化,确定了苜蓿地的高效灌溉时期为现蕾-开花期,优化灌溉定额为520 mm,为苜蓿高产节水灌溉模式提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

紫花苜蓿和沙打旺包衣配方研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王治  马小凡  孙炎焱  刘敬禹  文娜 《草业科学》2006,23(7):28-31

在实验室内利用种子丸衣化技术处理2种豆科牧草在土壤含水量较低的砂土上做盆栽试验。试验证明,利用硅藻土作填料的包衣配方,在干旱条件下萌发后能够提高丸衣化牧草种子的出苗率。试验结果表明,配方中含5%和2%吸水剂的紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa和沙打旺Astragalus adsurgens种子发芽时间均比对照提前2~4 d,配方中含5%吸水剂的紫花苜蓿和沙打旺种子出苗率均高于对照,紫花苜蓿增加50%,沙打旺增加37%。配方中含5%吸水剂的包衣种子出苗率最高,而含2%吸水剂的包衣种子配方最实用。  相似文献