樱桃番茄运输包装件振动冲击性能试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张连文  杨传民  王勇  潘道津  孟宪文  佟瞳 《农业机械学报》2011,42(3):125-130,155

针对目前樱桃番茄储运过程中主要包装形式以及造成破损的情况,选择典型运输包装件,进行了正弦扫频、堆码强度、堆码扫频振动传递性能、垂直冲击和跌落试验。通过对单件包装件的扫频振动试验,测出单件的固有频率为26.61Hz;通过堆码强度试验,测出了包装件的最大堆码层数为9层。通过9层堆码扫频振动传递性能试验确定了底层、中间层和顶层包装件的固有频率分别为36.61、10.76和6.44Hz,得到了各层包装件振动加速度、振动传递率随时间的变化曲线,并探讨了固有频率和振动传递率峰值与堆码高度之间的关系。在此基础上,通过垂直冲击试验,测出了产品的脆值为89.58;通过跌落试验,测出了包装件最大允许跌落高度为580mm。  相似文献   

Soil properties and the macrofauna community in abandoned irrigated rice fields of northeastern Argentina     

Patricia J. Folgarait  Fabien Thomas  Thierry Desjardins  Michel Grimaldi  Ichiro Tayasu  Pierre Curmi  Patrick M. Lavelle 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2003,38(6):349-357

This study compared soil physical, chemical, and biological characteristics between natural grassland and recently abandoned rice fields in order to identify those variables that might explain the observed increase of Camponotus punctulatus anthills in abandoned rice paddy fields from Northern Argentina. Mainly due to a reduction of macropores and mesopores, overall porosity decreased by around 6% and bulk density was about 7% greater, in the 0- to 10- and 10- to 20-cm layers of the abandoned rice fields. Carbon and nitrogen content from organic matter increased (29% and 41% respectively for the 0- to 20-cm horizon) during cultivation but decreased (38% and 24%) 2 years after the last rice harvest. Forty percent of natural grassland-organic matter and 30% of abandoned rice-organic matter mineralized in less than 2 years. There was a different community structure between the abandoned rice fields and the undisturbed natural grassland and only a 20.6% (i.e. only 19 species from a total of 92) overlap in species composition. The abundance of macrofauna was greater in abandoned rice fields (2,208 individuals m^–2) in comparison to natural grasslands (288 ind m^–2) due to higher densities of small earthworms and Camponotus punctulatus ants; however, the Shannon index showed lower values in comparison to natural grasslands. Earthworms and C. punctulatus in the abandoned rice fields showed a change in their ¹³C signature indicating a switch in diet from natural grassland organic matter (C4) to organic matter from rice (C3). Our results indicate that the effects of rice cultivation practices did not seem to produce any physical or trophic limitations to recolonization by the macrofauna. It seems that changes in overall soil conditions have favored a change in the construction behavior of C. punctulatus which, in combination with population increases, could explain the explosion in number of anthills.  相似文献   

C and N natural abundance of the soil microbial biomass     

Paul Dijkstra  Ayaka Ishizu  Stephen C. Hart  Egbert Schwartz  Bruce A. Hungate 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(11):3257-3266

Stable isotope analysis is a powerful tool in the study of soil organic matter formation. It is often observed that more decomposed soil organic matter is ¹³C, and especially ¹⁵N-enriched relative to fresh litter and recent organic matter. We investigated whether this shift in isotope composition relates to the isotope composition of the microbial biomass, an important source for soil organic matter. We developed a new approach to determine the natural abundance C and N isotope composition of the microbial biomass across a broad range of soil types, vegetation, and climates. We found consistently that the soil microbial biomass was ¹⁵N-enriched relative to the total (3.2 ‰) and extractable N pools (3.7 ‰), and ¹³C-enriched relative to the extractable C pool (2.5 ‰). The microbial biomass was also ¹³C-enriched relative to total C for soils that exhibited a C3-plant signature (1.6 ‰), but ¹³C-depleted for soils with a C4 signature (−1.1 ‰). The latter was probably associated with an increase of annual C3 forbs in C4 grasslands after an extreme drought. These findings are in agreement with the proposed contribution of microbial products to the stabilized soil organic matter and may help explain the shift in isotope composition during soil organic matter formation.  相似文献   

广西十万大山自然保护区外来植物的初步研究     

叶铎  李先琨  温远光  唐赛春 《广西农业生物科学》2008,27(4):445-450

十万大山地处北热带山地,有着丰富的生物多样性,但定居的外来种在不断增多,有的外来种成了入侵种,如飞机草等,给该自然保护区带来了严重威胁。通过实地调查以及查证文献,全面整理了十万大山国家级自然保护区的外来植物,并分析了外来种的类型、原产地、引种原因及引入途径,确认：①迄今为止共计99种（含亚种）外来植物,隶属于38科83属,其中菊科最多（10种）,占10．1％,其次为禾本科（6种）,占6．1％;②栽培种56种,逸生种20种,入侵种23种,分别占56．6％、20．2％和23．2％;③外来植物的原产地主要是热带美洲（有54种,占54．5％）,其次是印度（10种）、非洲（9种）和地中海地区（7种）;④人为有意引入有87种,占87．9％。最后对保护区内外来植物的危害预测和防治策略做了分析。  相似文献   

鹤峰县天保工程建设成效定量分析     

郑孝严  田丰登  姚胜海  张敏 《湖北林业科技》2007,(1):6-8

天保工程建设是生态环境建设的重要措施,是人与自然和谐发展的重要基础。我们对鹤峰实施天保工程以后,森林资源变化情况、水土流失变化情况等重要生态环境因子进行了详细调查,并与天保工程实施前比较,结果表明:5年来,鹤峰县天保工程建设取得了阶段性成效,生态、经济、社会三大效益显著,折算总效益784 959.90万元。  相似文献   

室内自然景观对室内环境调节、净化的作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李磊  王逢瑚  安小雷 《东北林业大学学报》2006,34(2):65-66,69

主要针对公共场所(酒店餐饮空间)的室内温度、相对湿度、CO2体积分数、甲醛(HCHO)和总挥发性有机物(TVOC)质量浓度等5个室内空气质量的重要参数进行了检测和分析。结果表明,设有植物、水景等自然景观的室内,其5项空气指标均明显优于不设自然景观的室内空间。由此说明,自然景观对室内环境具有显著的调节、净化等生态作用。  相似文献   

数字林业在天然林保护工程中的应用研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张忠辉  韩国辉  李岩  杨德付  张大明  谢朋  顾寒琳  孙伟  陈平  秦彩云  宋子龙  孙艳春  刘世广 《吉林林业科技》2006,35(3):30-33

本文阐述了数字林业的概念及涵义,指出其最初的切入点是国家林业局提出的六大林业生态工程。针对天然林保护工程的现状,提出用数字林业技术解决其存在的问题,构建了基于3S技术的天然林保护工程管理地理信息系统,使天然林保护工程的管理步入规范化、科学化、现代化的轨道。  相似文献   

水曲柳天然林生物生产力及营养元素的积累与分布的研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

丁宝永  孙继华 《东北林业大学学报》1989,17(4):1-9

通过对样地水曲柳天然林的各器官生物量的测定和化学元素分析,研究了生物生产力及营养元素的积累与分布规律。结果表明:林龄为43a的水曲柳天然林乔木层地上部生物量为135.749 t/ha,其中干材为79.891 t/ha,干皮为13.191 t/ha,大枝(未着生叶)为23.961t/ha,小枝(着生叶)为12.830t/ha,叶为5.877 t/ha;乔木层地上部平均净初级生产力为4.539 t/ha·a,其中叶为1.519t/ha·a,仅次于干材;近期(5a)平均净初级生产力为8.390 t/ha·a,其中叶为4.012 t/ha·a,是器官之中最高者;地上各器官营养元素含量因器官、元素而异,但尤以叶的含量最高。根据分析结果,从植物营养学角度出发,提出了以发展针叶树为主的“栽阔养针”的观点,对生产实践具有重要指导意义。  相似文献   

小兴安岭丰林自然保护区阔叶红松林红松天然更新研究   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

李昕  徐振邦 《东北林业大学学报》1989,17(6):1-7

本文对阔叶红松林红松天然更新固定观察研究结果进行阐述,红松天然更新数量在柞树红松林中最多,椴树红松林中次之,枫桦红松林和云冷杉红松林中最差。四个林型红松天然更新1—5年生的幼苗数量分别为其总更新株数的96％、86％、87％、82％,当年生的幼苗又占绝对优势。鼠类、鸟类,球蚜、立枯病、红松落叶病等这些病虫及动物的危害严重影响着红松天然更新的发生发展。研究成果为红松林恢复提供理论依据。  相似文献   

正放四角锥网架屋盖的固有振动分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马令勇  白那  刘文洋 《东北林业大学学报》2005,33(4):59-61

为了深入认识正放四角锥网架屋盖的固有振动特性,对拟夹层板法和有限元方法求得的第一阶竖向频率进行了比较,验证了拟夹层板法求解的精度。采用拟夹层板法对跨度30～60m的正放四角锥网架在4种屋面荷载作用下的固有振动进行分析,并通过ANSYS软件模态分析观察网架振型,基于分析与观察结果给出了正放类网架屋盖的固有振动规律。  相似文献