农作物线虫病害防治措施、问题及发展方向   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈书龙 《河北农业科学》2005,9(4):69-73

概述了农作物线虫病害的防治措施,分析了我国线虫病害防治中存在的问题,并进一步探讨了今后线虫防治研究的发展方向。  相似文献   

8种检疫线虫传入黑龙江的风险评估   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王峰  王志英  刘雪峰 《中国农学通报》2007,23(1):351-351

根据国际植物保护公约(International Plant Protection Convention,IPPC) 的国际植物检疫措施标准11(International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures 11, 2001, ISPM 11)并参考欧洲和地中海植物保护组织(European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization,EPPO)有害生物风险分析风险评估指导标准(EPPO Standard PM 5 /3 Guidelines on Pest Risk Analysis—Pest Risk Assessment Scheme),对马铃薯金线虫、马铃薯白线虫、相似穿孔线虫、鳞球茎茎线虫、甜菜胞囊线虫、水稻茎线虫、椰子红环腐线虫和松材线虫这8种检疫性线虫传入黑龙江省进行风险评估。风险评估表明,相似穿孔线虫传入黑龙江省具有高度风险,马铃薯金线虫、马铃薯白线虫、鳞球茎茎线虫、甜菜胞囊线虫、和松材线虫传入黑龙江省具有较高风险,水稻茎线虫风险较低、椰子红环腐线虫无风险。应该加强对风险较高的几种线虫的风险管理。  相似文献   

轮作对甘薯地线虫群落组成及多样性的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

海棠等 《中国农学通报》2006,22(11):295-295

针对甘薯茎线虫病严重的多年连种区进行轮作玉米试验,研究连种甘薯、轮作玉米对甘薯地土壤线虫群落种类组成、垂直分布、线虫群落的多样性的影响,其结果共获得3目8科15属线虫。连种甘薯地极优势属为茎属Ditylenchus,甘薯地轮作玉米其极优势属为头叶线虫属Cephalobus、真头叶线虫属Eucephalobus,滑刃Aphelenchoides和真滑刃线虫属Aphelenchus。连种甘薯和轮作玉米地同一土层线虫属数量间没有显著差异,线虫数量间有显著差异;应用Shannon多样性指数、J均匀度指数、SR丰富度指数分析了连种甘薯和轮作玉米地土壤线虫群落的多样性,其中Shannon指数、SR指数最敏感,应用WI指数分析了土壤线虫群落的营养结构,WI指数可反映轮作玉米与连种甘薯间土壤线虫群落结构的差异;轮作可减少植物寄生线虫种类和数量,增加食细菌和食真菌线虫的数量,可改变线虫群落的营养结构。  相似文献   

甘蔗线虫病抗性基因的PCR检测研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吴杨  周会  潘大仁 《作物学报》2006,32(6):939-942

以38份未经线虫病常规鉴定的甘蔗种质资源为供试材料,根据番茄抗根结线虫病基因和甜菜抗胞囊线虫病基因的保守序列区域,分别设计了2条上游引物、2条下游引物,对设计的引物进行组合后,应用PCR特异扩增从中分别筛选出各1对特异引物。用抗根结线虫基因设计的特异引物进行扩增最终获得了1条大约460 bp大小的特异片段;用抗胞囊线虫基因设计的特异引物进行扩增最终获得了1条大约690 bp大小的特异片段,进一步进行了PCR-Southern杂交,确认了该2条特异引物的真实性。  相似文献   

线虫寄生对柞蚕幼虫生长发育和营养物质代谢的影响     

贾姝  宋策  赫英姿  刘孝良  于庭洪  赵翀  左玲玲 《蚕业科学》2019,45(1):81-87

研究寄生线虫对柞蚕幼虫生长发育和营养物质代谢的影响,可以从生理生化角度揭示柞蚕寄生线虫的致病机制,明确线虫在柞蚕体内完成寄生生活史的生理生化调控机制。检测柞蚕5龄幼虫被线虫寄生后其生长发育速度、血淋巴营养物质含量和中肠蛋白酶活性,结果表明,柞蚕幼虫被线虫寄生6～11 d,其摄食量和体质量变化不明显,血淋巴总糖、海藻糖含量短暂性升高,随后便急剧下降,血淋巴蛋白质含量和酯酶活性升高,甘油酯含量降低,中肠蛋白酶活性极显著低于对照组;被寄生12～15 d,柞蚕摄食量升高、体质量增加,中肠蛋白酶活性升高,而血淋巴中总糖含量、海藻糖含量、海藻糖酶活性、甘油酯含量极显著低于对照组,说明此时是线虫迅速生长的时期,蚕体营养物质被线虫大量消耗;被寄生15 d后摄食量急剧下降,血淋巴中能源物质含量极显著降低,中肠蛋白酶活性极显著低于对照组。线虫寄生柞蚕幼虫后与寄主形成营养竞争关系,造成蚕体营养物质严重缺乏、消化能力减弱、生长发育迟缓。研究结果可为揭示线虫对柞蚕的致病机制以及利用索科线虫进行农林害虫的生物防治提供参考。  相似文献   

一对姊妹线虫的杂交试验研究     

黄任娥  叶建仁 《福建林业科技》2008,35(4)

基于李氏长尾线虫(Seinura liiHuang & Ye,2006)与吴氏长尾线虫(S.wuaeHuang & Ye,2006)是一对形态很相似的姊妹线虫,在原始描述之后,采用单一配对杂交方法来进一步探讨它们相互间的生殖关系。结果表明,李氏长尾线虫与吴氏长尾线虫在生殖上相互隔离,并且它们之间的生物学特性可能存在着较大差异;研究还表明,李氏长尾线虫与吴氏长尾线虫的生殖方式都为有性生殖。  相似文献   

牛羊消化道线虫虫卵永久性玻片制作方法     

宋军科  刘亚绒  林青  于三科 《西北农业学报》2012,21(6):26-29

通过对传统玻片标本制作方法的比较,研究牛、羊消化道线虫虫卵永久性玻片标本制作的最佳方法。采用琼脂糖粉分别配制10和15g/L的水溶液作为介质。载玻片上加入少许玻璃碎渣,用毛细吸管吸取一小滴虫卵液(约10个虫卵)于玻璃渣上,再吸取一滴介质于虫卵上,盖上小盖玻片(10mm×10mm),待介质凝固后,滴树胶并加盖玻片(18mm×18mm)。制作的玻片中虫卵经长时间保存后,能保持原来的形态及色泽,清晰可见,易于辨认。琼脂糖为介质的水溶性虫卵玻片的制作解决了传统方法制作玻片标本易出现气泡、空隙、发霉及虫卵变形等的问题,是虫卵玻片标本理想的制作方法,可供临床和教学实习使用。  相似文献   

2种大豆胞囊线虫鉴定方法比较及分析     

高源  常玮  韩英鹏  李文滨 《大豆科学》2012,31(2):274-277

从计数方法、播种方法、鉴定准确性等方面对实用性较强的塑料钵柱法和酸性品红染色法2种大豆胞囊线虫鉴定方法进行了比较。塑料钵柱法鉴定时,可观察到大豆胞囊线虫病的主要发病特征,包括叶片变黄﹑植株矮小﹑根部有胞囊形成等典型症状。利用酸性品红染色法鉴定时未见叶片变黄,根部未见胞囊,但在20×显微镜下可检测处于二龄期的幼虫,可用于鉴定计数。2种鉴定方法对鉴别寄主具有同等区别抗感材料的能力,但在鉴别较大群体时品红染色法鉴定结果变异率低,同时在鉴定周期和效率上明显优于塑料钵柱法。因此,在对较大群体进行鉴定时,酸性品红染色法是一种便捷且准确性较高的鉴定方法。  相似文献   

Assessment of anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of sheep and goats owned by smallholder farmers in eastern Ethiopia     

Sissay MM  Asefa A  Uggla A  Waller PJ 《Tropical animal health and production》2006,38(3):215-222

The anthelmintic resistance status was investigated of nematode parasites of sheep and goats owned by smallholder farmers in communities that received breeding stock from a source where a high level of anthelmintic resistance has been reported. The investigation used the faecal egg count reduction technique, whereby suitable animals within each of eight separate communities were pooled to achieve the numbers required to conduct separate tests for both sheep and goats. Anthelmintics tested were albendazole (ABZ), tetramisole (TET), a combination (ABZ $+$ TET) and ivermectin (IVM), at the manufacturers' recommended dose rates. Results showed that there was no evidence of anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of either sheep an goats in any community. This indicates that dilution of resistant parasites imported with introduced breeding stock, and the low selection pressure imposed by the smallholder farmers themselves, has prevented anthelmintic resistance from emerging in nematode parasites of small ruminants in these communities.  相似文献   

Dose confirmation studies for monepantel, an amino-acetonitrile derivative, against fourth stage gastro-intestinal nematode larvae infecting sheep   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B.C. Hosking  D.P. Dobson  P.A. Stein  R. Kaminsky  B. Bapst  D. Mosimann  P.C. Mason  W. Seewald  G. Strehlau  H. Sager 《Veterinary parasitology》2009,160(3-4):251-257

Monepantel is the first compound from the recently discovered amino-acetonitrile derivative (AAD) class of anthelmintics to be developed for use in sheep. Nine dose confirmation studies were conducted in Australia, New Zealand and Switzerland to confirm the minimum therapeutic oral dose of monepantel to control fourth stage (L4) gastro-intestinal nematode larvae in sheep (target species were Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia (Ostertagia) circumcincta, Teladorsagia trifurcata, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus vitrinus, Cooperia curticei, Cooperia oncophora, Nematodirus battus, Nematodirus filicollis, Nematodirus spathiger, Chabertia ovina and Oesophagostomum venulosum). In each study, sheep infected with a defined selection of the target nematodes were treated with 2.5 mg monepantel/kg liveweight. Following euthanasia and worm counting, efficacy was calculated against worm counts from untreated control groups. The results demonstrate high (95 < 100%) efficacy of monepantel when administered orally to sheep at 2.5 mg/kg for most species tested. Efficacy levels against N. spathiger and O. venulosum were variable and failed to meet the required regulatory standard (≥90%) in some studies. Efficacy was demonstrated against L4 stages of nematodes known to be resistant to either benzimidazole and/or levamisole anthelmintics (macrocyclic lactone resistant isolates were not available for testing). The broad-spectrum activity of monepantel against L4 larvae of common gastro-intestinal nematodes in sheep and its favorable safety profile represents a significant advance in the treatment of parasitic gastro-enteritis in this animal species. No adverse effects related to treatment with monepantel were observed.  相似文献