药剂处理对重茬大棚草莓根际微生物的影响     

史宝胜  杜鸿云  尹家凤  郭润芳  李保国  张志军 《勤云标准版测试》2005,(10)

在初果期、盛果期和采果末期3个时期,研究了3种处理(太阳能防治剂、无公害草莓重茬病防治剂、溴甲烷)对重茬大棚丰香草莓根际土壤微生物数量的影响,从根际土壤中分离筛选得到14个纯菌株并做了初步的菌属鉴定,试验结果表明:药剂处理后的土壤比对照真菌、放线菌数量减少,细菌数量增多,真菌与细菌的比值显著降低,并与果实产量有显著相关性;线虫数量的变化趋势为初果期多,盛果期、采果末期逐渐减少。  相似文献   

动物线虫抗药机制研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

姜波  杨光友  邓家波 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(29):9255-9257,9260

[目的]克服由于驱寄生虫药物抗药性的产生而严重制约世界畜牧业发展的问题。[方法]介绍动物线虫对苯并咪唑类、咪唑并噻唑类和大环内酯抗生素类3类驱虫药物的抗药机制的研究进展。[结果]动物寄生线虫对驱虫药的抗药机制主要是在线虫与药物选择压力的共同作用下,首先发生于药物受体基因的点突变,使其编码的药物受体结构改变而引起与药物的作用效应发生不同程度的变化,线虫获得一定的抗药性并将这些抗药基因变异遗传。[结论]动物线虫抗药机制的研究对控制线虫的感染和准确检测线虫抗药性均有重要意义。  相似文献   

Defoliation effects on Plantago lanceolata resource allocation and soil decomposers in relation to AM symbiosis and fertilization     

Anne Pietikinen  Juha Mikola  Mauritz Vestberg  Heikki Setl 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(11):2328-2335

Plants can mediate interactions between aboveground herbivores and belowground decomposers as both groups depend on plant-provided organic carbon. Most vascular plants also form symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which compete for plant carbon too. Our aim was to reveal how defoliation (trimming of plant leaves twice to 6 cm above the soil surface) and mycorrhizal infection (inoculation of the fungus Glomus claroideum BEG31), in nutrient poor and fertilized conditions, affect plant growth and resource allocation. We also tested how these effects can influence the abundance of microbial-feeding animals and nitrogen availability in the soil. We established a 12-wk microcosm study of Plantago lanceolata plants growing in autoclaved soil, into which we constructed a simplified microfood-web including saprotrophic bacteria and fungi and their nematode feeders. We found that fertilization, defoliation and inoculation of the mycorrhizal fungus all decreased P. lanceolata root growth and that fertilization increased leaf production. Plant inflorescence growth was decreased by defoliation and increased by fertilization and AMF inoculation. These results suggest a negative influence of the treatments on P. lanceolata belowground biomass allocation. Of the soil organisms, AMF root colonization decreased with fertilization and increased with defoliation. Fertilization decreased numbers of bacterial-feeding nematodes, probably because fertilized plants produced less root mass. On the other hand, bacterial feeders were more abundant when associated with defoliated than non-defoliated plants despite defoliated plants having less root mass. The AMF inoculation per se increased the abundance of fungal feeders, but the reduced and increased root AM colonization rates of fertilized and defoliated plants, respectively, were not reflected in the numbers of fungal feeders. We found no evidence of plant-mediated effects of the AM fungus on bacterial feeders, and against our prediction, soil inorganic nitrogen concentrations were not positively associated with the concomitant abundances of microbial-feeding animals. Altogether, our results suggest that (1) while defoliation, fertilization and AMF inoculation all affect plant resource allocation, (2) they do not greatly interact with each other. Moreover, it appears that (3) while changes in plant resource allocation due to fertilization and defoliation can influence numbers of bacterial feeders in the soil, (4) these effects may not significantly alter mineral N concentrations in the soil.  相似文献   

旱地红壤线虫群落对不同耕作年限的响应及指示意义   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王明伟  刘雨迪  陈小云  胡锋  刘满强 《土壤学报》2016,53(2):510-522

我国热带和亚热带地区的红壤农田肥力水平低,严重制约着农业生产力的提升。不同农业管理措施会对土壤理化性质和生物群落产生不同的影响。本文研究了不同耕作年限条件下的旱地土壤,选取耕作10 a、20 a、50 a的花生地和菜地,并以未开垦的原始荒地作为对照。结果显示,与荒地相比,各年限花生地的土壤肥力等指标表现出下降的趋势,菜地土壤的各项性质则呈现提升的趋势。耕作20 a的花生地土壤有机碳、全氮、微生物生物量碳、有效磷等指标均最低,同时耕作50 a的菜地各项性质相对于10 a有显著的提升(p0.05)。花生地中植食性线虫比例伴随耕作年限延长而下降,而菜地中食细菌线虫比例伴随耕作年限延长而逐渐上升。从线虫生态指标数据显示,花生地相对于频繁施肥和耕作的菜地表现出更为稳定的土壤食物网。因此,线虫群落对不同耕作年限下旱地红壤生态系统的变化表现出一定的指示潜力。  相似文献   

蚓粪和益生菌配施对设施番茄地土壤线虫群落的影响     

申飞  郭瑞  朱同彬  李辉信  刘满强  胡锋  赵荷娟  焦加国 《土壤学报》2016,53(4):1015-1026

为探究蚓粪和益生菌互作对大棚番茄地土壤线虫数量和群落结构的影响,设置CF(单施化肥)、CF+BM(化肥配施巨大芽孢杆菌)、CF+BA(化肥配施解淀粉芽孢杆菌)、VC(单施蚓粪)、VC+BM(蚓粪配施巨大芽孢杆菌)和VC+BA(蚓粪配施解淀粉芽孢杆菌)6个处理。结果表明:与单施化肥相比,单施蚓粪有助于土壤线虫数量的提高,而蚓粪配施益生菌相比单施蚓粪对线虫数量的提高更加显著;化肥配施益生菌在盛花期时对土壤线虫数量提高不显著,收获期时有显著提高但效果不及蚓粪配施益生菌。单施化肥或蚓粪提高了植食性线虫短体属(Pratylenchus)的相对丰度,且单施蚓粪提高幅度显著高于单施化肥。与单施化肥相比,单施蚓粪显著降低了食细菌线虫比例,而化肥配施益生菌显著降低了食细菌线虫和植食性线虫比例,增加了食真菌线虫比例。蚓粪配施益生菌相比单施蚓粪显著增加了食细菌和食真菌线虫比例,降低了植食性和捕杂食性线虫比例。与单施化肥或蚓粪相比,蚓粪配施益生菌对瓦斯乐斯卡指数(WI)、食真菌线虫与食细菌线虫比率(F/B)和植食性线虫成熟指数(PPI)均能够产生积极影响,且效果优于化肥配施益生菌。综合比较可以发现,与单施化肥或蚓粪相比,蚓粪配施益生菌能够减缓植食性线虫增长,土壤环境和线虫群落趋于健康和稳定,是值得推荐的施肥方式。  相似文献   

Nematode resistance in bananas: screening results on some new Mycosphaerella resistant banana hybrids     

P. Quénéhervé  F. Salmon  P. Topart  J. P. Horry 《Euphytica》2009,165(1):137-143

Banana hybrids with resistance to Yellow Sigatoka and Black Leaf Streak disease were evaluated for resistance to the burrowing nematode Radopholus similis and to the lesion nematode Pratylenchus coffeae in a growth chamber at 24–28°. Plants produced by tissue culture were acclimatised for 6 weeks prior to inoculation. Forty-five days after inoculation with nematodes, the root systems were processed and nematode numbers assessed. Two cultivars of Grande Naine (Musa AAA, Cavendish subgroup, ITC1256 and cv902) and one cultivar of Yangambi Km5 (Musa AAA, Ibota subgroup, ITC1123) were used respectively as susceptible and resistant controls. Results based on multiplication rates and root infestations showed that three of these hybrids (FB918, FB919 and FB924) were not significantly different from the resistant control Yangambi Km5 with a lower multiplication of R. similis. Similarly four of these hybrids (FB918, FB919, FB920, FB924) showed a lower multiplication of P. coffeae, not significantly different from the same resistant control. This is the first study that shows a partial resistance to both nematode species, R. similis and P. coffeae within synthetic hybrids of M. acuminata, adding an important extra value to these dessert banana hybrids formerly bred to resist to Mycosphaerella leaf spot diseases.  相似文献   

柑桔线虫抗性主基因座Tyrl的特异标记开发与遗传作图改进     

向旭  邓占鳌  郑启发  陈存贤 《分子植物育种》2009,7(3)

本文利用先期从BAC文库获得的NBS-LRR类候选抗病基因克隆序列Pt8a和Pt9a,进一步开发与柑桔线虫抗性丰效基因位点Tyrl连锁的分子标记.以Pt8a和Pt9a序列作探针,通过高密度克隆印迹杂交,从BAC文库筛选出200个以上的阳性克隆,以阳性克隆插入序列设计引物,对柑桔抗线虫材料和感线虫材料开展以PCR扩增为基础的集群分离分析,发现一部分克隆序列与柑桔线虫抗性主效基因位点Txrl紧密连锁;再通过染色体步行测序,分别从3个克隆(7A4,4L17和29F20)获得3个完整的NBS-LRR类候选抗病基因序列.从此类序列开发更高特异性的分子标记,并在利用原有分子标记的基础上,对柑桔线虫抗性杂交后代群体(9145 family)构建较高密度的遗传图谱:同时,将新开发的分子标记应用于柑桔衰退病抗性杂交后代群体(9401 family),以初步估算柑桔线虫抗性主效基因位点Tyrl与柑桔衰退病抗性基因Ctv的遗传距离.  相似文献   

藏北高寒草甸土壤线虫群落对围封及自由放牧的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

薛会英  罗大庆  王鸿源  屈兴乐 《土壤学报》2017,54(2):480-492

为了解放牧干扰对藏北高寒草甸的影响,以及连续围封措施对草地的恢复作用,2013—2015年连续3年对那曲县围封、自由放牧天然高寒草甸土壤线虫群落进行取样调查及数据分析。结果表明:围封、放牧样地的线虫个体数量在年际间的变化均较明显,植食性线虫是整个线虫群落个体数量变化的主要贡献者;围封样地的线虫个体密度、多样性指数H′、丰富度指数SR,以及优势度指数λ的年际变化幅度均大于放牧样地;食细菌性线虫个体数量及线虫通路比值(NCR)表明放牧样地的有机质转化效率高于围封样地;成熟度指数(MI)、植物寄生线虫指数(PPI)分析表明,所研究区域经5年围封,高寒草甸生态系统稳定性没有明显的提高,相反,现有放牧强度维持或者增加了线虫群落的物种多样性,利于物种共存和草地生态系统稳定性的维持。  相似文献   

Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne) management in vegetable crop production: The challenge of an agronomic system analysis     

Béatrice CollangeMireille Navarrete  Gaëlle PeyreThierry Mateille  Marc Tchamitchian 《Crop Protection》2011,30(10):1251-1262

  相似文献   

A New Host for Meloidogyne incognita （Kofoid ＆ White 1919） Chitwood, 1949 （Nemata： Tylenchida） in Turkey： Potato     

F. D. Erdogus  H. C. Akgul  S. Bayram 《农业科学与技术》2011,(1):100-105

Potato is the main material of nutrition comes after the wheat and, is subjected to attacks of different plant parasitic nematodes which cause serious damages in our country. Especially, root-knot nematodes cause serious crop losses on them. Due to usage oflnfested seeds, parasitic nematodes are increasing from year to year. In our country, so far, many infested hosts of Meloidogyne incognita （Kofoid ＆White, 1919） Chitwood, 1949 were detected but there is no report on investigation on potato. During this study, adult females of root-knot nematodes were obtained via extracting gals of 133 tuber samples, collected potatoes fields in the Marmara region especially Balikesir, Bilecik, Bursa, Canakkale, Edirne, Istanbul, Kirklareli, Kocaeli, Sakarya and Tekirdag provinces during 2007-2008. During identification the species, second stage larvae were taken into consideration as well as genital preparations of adult females. For the identification classical methods were used together with molecular methods. As result, M. incognita was detected, only species detected among the Meloidogyne genus upon the 10 provinces investigated in Edirne province, Bosna village. This is the first report of the infestation of this species potato and also in Marmara Region.  相似文献