陕西5种圈养野生哺乳动物寄生虫调查研究     

何李红  张军宁  潘广林 《陕西林业科技》2019,(3):6-9,17

2006年4-5月通过采集动物排出的新鲜粪便,采用饱和盐水漂浮法、沉淀—漂浮法、粪便培养法等方法,对陕西省野生动物救护饲养研究中心的5种43头(只)哺乳动物寄生虫进行了调查,结果为5种动物均感染了寄生虫,所获虫体及虫卵或卵囊经鉴定共有22种,包括原虫3种、吸虫4种、绦虫3种、线虫8种、虱1种和蜱3种,隶属7目14科19属。结果显示这些野生动物的寄生虫感染普遍,寄生虫种类多样。  相似文献   

基于Micro-CT的麦粒内害虫侵染研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

张红涛  裴震宇  张晓东  谭联  常艳  朱洋 《农业工程学报》2019,35(3):274-280

准确检测粮粒内部早期虫害侵蚀,可提前判断储粮受侵染状况,对及时确定合理的防治措施具有重要的意义。该文提出基于Micro-CT系统的麦粒内部早期侵染无损检测的方法。试验以显微CT投影数据的振荡幅度和灰度差来确定Micro-CT最佳参数组合。麦粒主要成分厚度1～6 mm变化时,距麦粒茸毛端基准面等距离处的灰度立方体的平均灰度值,会随着厚度的降低而增大。分析麦粒长轴朝向与旋转台面之间的夹角为0、45?、90?的麦粒平均灰度值,得麦粒平均灰度值由0时的80.406上升至90?时的88.544。用FDK算法(Feldkamp,Davis,Kress)重建试验中侵染粒的投影数据,统计得出米象横截面外观由单个圆形变成卵圆形再转变为多个圆形或卵圆形的组合,米象与虫洞之间的空隙逐渐增大,虫洞从表皮侵蚀至麦粒腹沟再扩张至表皮附近。利用Mimics平台绘制的三维可视化数据可得,米象发育过程中米象外观由杆状变为椭球形再发育出各个器官,米象长度由卵期0.37～0.5 mm发育到成虫期2.7～4.3 mm,宽度由卵期0.26～0.3 mm发育到成虫期0.97～1.3mm,米象体积在蛹期达到最大,虫洞由表皮逐渐向麦粒中心延伸扩展并最终贯穿整个麦粒。结果表明,利用Micro-CT系统进行无损检测可准确表达各龄期侵染粒内部微观结构的变化过程,为麦粒内部害虫的早期自动检测提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Infection approach of Diplodia sapinea,the causal agent of tip blight of Pinus tabulaeformis in China     

Xuewei Li  Bingxiang Liu  Xiaojing Ren  Jianzhou Cui  Huiping Li 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(5)

To clarify the infection approach of Diplodia sapinea, a pathogen that causes tip blight of Pinus tabulaeformis, the infection process of the pathogen in needles was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the disease incidence on branches damaged by Aphrophora flavipes (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) and Dioryctria splendidella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in the forest was also investigated. Then, branches and needles of P. tabulaeformis were inoculated using the D. sapinea spore suspension under indoor and field conditions. The results showed that the damage caused by A. flavipes could aggravate the occurrence of tip blight of P. tabulaeformis to some extent. Moreover, the pathogen could also penetrate 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐year‐old pine needles through stomata in the field. The pathogen infected the 1‐year‐old branches first and then gradually spread to 2‐ and 3‐year‐old branches.  相似文献   

喀什地区鸭球虫种类调查     

赵爱云  井波  贾桂珍 《塔里木大学学报》2008,20(4)

为了解喀什地区鸭球虫种类及感染情况,采用群体采样法分别从每个调查点采集新鲜粪便,经检查后,阳性粪样采用饱和盐水漂浮和离心沉淀法进行卵囊分离。显微镜下观察卵囊进行虫种鉴定,并统计各调查点的鸭球虫感染率和感染强度。检查的37份样品中,阳性鸭群27个,阳性率72.97%;鉴定出5种感染球虫,分别为:毁灭泰泽球虫(T.perniciosa)、菲莱氏温扬球虫(W.philiplevinei)、阿氏艾美尔球虫(E.abramovi)、鸭温扬球虫(W.anatis)鸭艾美尔球虫(E.anatis)。  相似文献   

Identification and characterization of Colletotrichum fructicola causing black spots on young fruits related to bitter rot of pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) in China     

《Crop Protection》2014

In recent years, Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. var. ‘Suli’ has been damaged by a disease characterized by the presence of black spots on young fruit in China, which was always followed by severe bitter rot on matured fruits. The etiology of these symptoms and their relationship with the bitter rot was unknown. A colony was routinely isolated from young and matured ‘Suli’ pear fruits showing black spots and rot symptoms, respectively. This fungal colony was identified as Colletotrichum fructicola based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data of 7 regions. C. fructicola was confirmed to be capable of eliciting both black spots and bitter rot symptoms by completion of Koch's Postulates. The results suggested that the disease characterized by the presence of black spots on young fruits is indeed an early stage of the bitter rot observed on matured fruits of ‘Suli’ pear. Variety resistance analysis indicated an obvious resistance variation possessed by the pear varieties generally cultured in China, with black spots only occurring on some pear varieties. Our results also indicated that wounding can break the quiescent infections, enhance the infectivity of C. fructicola, and lead to more rapid rot of young and matured fruits. These results provided a clear clue that C. fructicola can invade some varieties of P. bretschneideri Rehd. directly without entry via wounds, but subsequently turned into quiescent infection and causing black spots on the fruit surface. The quiescent infection acts as a pathogenic factor responsible for bitter rot of matured fruits. The influence of temperature and pH conditions for growth and colony morphology of C. fructicola were also evaluated. The characterization of C. fructicola causing bitter rot of pear (P. bretschneideri) is expected to provide useful information for controlling this economically important disease.  相似文献   

中华鳖穿孔病感染途径与防治技术的研究     

王高学  王英珍 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》1998,26(5):86-89

进行了中华鳖穿孔病病原菌嗜水气单胞菌（Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓｈｙｄｒｏｐｈｉｌａ）和普通变形菌（Ｐｒｏｔｅｕｓｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ）的人工感染、药敏和治疗试验。结果表明,两种菌经肌注、体表划痕法感染,均能使鳖表现出与自然病鳖相一致病症,两种菌均对庆大霉素、卡那霉素、诺氟沙星高度敏感。人工感染后第４天分别用硫酸庆大霉素、硫酸丁胺卡那霉素和复方诺氟沙星腹腔注射治疗,每１００ｇ体重剂量分别为１．２,４,１６ｍｇ／ｄ,连续４ｄ均能完全治愈。  相似文献   

协调应用蝗虫微孢子虫与卡死克防治东亚飞蝗   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

张龙  严毓骅  石旺鹏  朱恩林  窦峰  谢志庚 《中国生物防治》1999,15(2):57-58

在天津市大港区东亚飞蝗发生区,采用条带交替式超低量喷雾,施用蝗虫微孢子虫与卡死克防治东亚飞蝗,３个处理的卡死克（５％水剂）使用量均为１５０ｍｌ／ｈｍ２,微孢子虫使用量分别为１５×１０９、２２．５×１０９和３０×１０９孢子／ｈｍ２。处理时东亚飞蝗为３龄末盛期,虫口密度分别为２６．３８、１１．６３和２９．８８头／ｍ２。防治后第７天虫口减退率分别为８９．６５％、７５．９１％和８９．７６％,存活蝗虫的感病率分别为３７．５％、５５．０％和５２．５％。  相似文献   

水牛感染肝片吸虫后肝脏组织的病理学变化     

杨倩  毛卫华 《畜牧与兽医》1999,31(6):1-3

15 头水牛在人工感染条件下进行肝片吸虫感染, 慢性感染组水牛每天口服60 个囊蚴, 20 d 总共口服1 200 个囊蚴。急性感染组水牛1 次口服1 600 个囊蚴。慢性感染的水牛于感染后第26 周宰杀。急性感染的水牛分别于第10 , 13 , 16 和22 周宰杀。肝脏的组织病理学显示, 肝片吸虫幼虫可引起肝脏一系列炎症反应。急性感染后第10 周和13 周肝细胞变性、坏死, 肝小叶内淤血, 大量淋巴细胞浸润, 继而发展为肝索萎缩。急性感染后第22 周及慢性感染后第26 周, 汇管区内有大量结缔组织及新生的小胆管增生。实验表明慢性感染和急性感染肝片吸虫的水牛均可导致肝脏典型的病理学变化。  相似文献   

用超声波法使烟草花叶病毒侵染烟草细胞的研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

李重九  蔡祝南  汤青 《植物病理学报》1999,29(1):87-91

 本文首次采用超声波法把烟草花叶病毒(TMV)粒子导入带壁烟草细胞,建立病毒-细胞高效侵染体系。将烟草细胞置于含TMV粒子的缓冲液中,用声强为0.5 W/cm²的脉冲超声波处理5 min,培养48 h后使用荧光免疫法检测烟草细胞转染率为59.7%。经酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测,TMV粒子在烟草细胞体内增殖48 h后达到高峰。电镜观察细胞体内有大量的TMV粒子。用枯斑寄主法测定表明TMV子代有较高的致病力。  相似文献   

Induction of Resistance in Mustard (Brassica juncea) against Alternaria Black Spot with an Avirulent Alternaria brassicae Isolate-D     

Vishwanath  S.J. Kolte  M.P. Singh  R.P. Awasthi 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(2):217-220

Resistance in susceptible mustard cv. PR-15 against the highly virulent A. brassicae isolate A (AbA) and moderately virulent isolate C (AbC) was induced using an avirulent Alternaria brassicae isolate D (AbD). The induction of resistance due to AbD against AbA or AbC resulted in significant reduction in disease severity. The A. alternata (Aa) failed to induce resistance against AbA and AbC, on the contrary it induced susceptibility against them.  相似文献