板栗瘿蜂寄生性天敌幼期形态研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

骆有庆  黄竞芳 《林业科学》1993,29(1):33-37,T001

本文用常规及电镜扫描等显微观察方法,系统地研究和描述了板栗瘿蜂的主要寄生蜂(中华长尾小蜂、葛氏长尾小蜂、双刺广肩小蜂、黄褐宽缘广肩小蜂、栗瘿旋小蜂、果瘿刻腹小蜂等)的幼期形态特征。结果表明,它们的卵、老熟幼虫和蛹的形态特征差异明显。老熟幼虫的主要分类特征是:头壳和体表上刚毛着生位置、数量和长短;触角形态;上颚形态和大小;体表结构。卵的主要分类特征是颜色,有无印柄,卵及卵柄长短、卵体形态。利用老熟幼虫的形态特征进行小蜂的类群分类是可行的。  相似文献   

The heart microbiome of insectivorous bats from Central and South Eastern Europe     

《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2021

Host associated microbiome not only may affect the individual health-status or provide insights into the species- or group specific bacterial communities but may act as early warning signs in the assessment of zoonotic reservoirs, offering clues to predict, prevent and control possible episodes of emerging zoonoses. Bats may be carriers and reservoirs of multiple pathogens such as viruses, bacteria and parasites, showing in the same time robust immunity against many of them. The microbiota plays a fundamental role on the induction, training and function of the host immune system and the immune system has largely evolved in order to maintain the symbiotic relationship of the host with these diverse microbes. Thus, expanding our knowledge on bat-associated microbiome it can be usefully in understanding bats’ outstanding immune capacities. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of different bacterial communities in heart tissue of insectivorous bats, Nyctalus noctula, Pipistrellus pipistrellus and Rhinoplophus hipposideros, from Central and Eastern Europe using high-throughput sequencing of variable regions of the 16S rRNA. In addition, species-specific PCRs were used to validate the presence of the vector-borne pathogens Bartonella spp. and Rickettsia spp. In this study we identified a wide variety of bacterial groups, with the most abundant phyla being Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. The results showed that at individual level, the year or location had no effect on the diversity and composition of the microbiome, however host species determined both structure and abundance of the bacterial community. We report the presence of vector-borne bacteria Bartonella spp. in samples of N. noctula and indications of Rickettsia spp. in R. hipposideros. Our results provide a first insight into the bacterial community found in heart tissue of bats from Central and South Eastern Europe.  相似文献   

中国家畜家禽寄生虫与寄生虫病概况   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

沈杰 《中国兽医寄生虫病》2005,13(2):1-4

为了提供我国家畜家禽寄生虫和寄生虫病总的概况，综合分析了相关资料，归纳出了我国畜禽寄生虫种类构成、分布范围、重要人畜共患寄生虫虫种、我国南北两方寄生虫种类的异同、多宿主寄生虫虫种和家畜家禽寄生虫病概况等几个方面的内容，并作了评述讨论。  相似文献   

淮南市毛集区山羊消化系统寄生虫调查及药物驱虫试验     

杨良  李培英  林化成  刘光林  李楠  姬红波 《中国兽医寄生虫病》2008,16(3):6-10

目的为了摸清安徽省淮南市毛集区山羊消化系统寄生虫病的流行及危害情况，有效的指导该区山羊消化系统寄生虫病的防治工作。方法选取3个调查点，收集山羊的新鲜粪便，采用饱和盐水漂浮法和尼龙筛兜淘洗法获取虫卵，显微镜下进行形态学鉴定，并计算感染强度。根据检查结果，选择药物进行驱虫，观察驱虫效果。结果该区山羊消化系统寄生虫总感染率为100％（47／47），所获寄生虫8种，隶属于3门3纲3目5科8属，即：血矛属（Haemonchus），毛圆属（Trichostrongylus），奥斯特属（Ostertagia），古柏属（Cooperia），艾美耳属（Eimeria），食道口属（Oesophagostomum），仰口属（Bunostomum），莫尼茨属（Moniezia）。根据调查结果采用丙硫咪唑和氯苯胍进行驱虫试验，并对驱虫前后山羊消化系统寄生虫的感染情况进行了分析。结论安徽省淮南市毛集区山羊消化系统寄生虫病感染率较高，采用药物驱虫可以获得较好效果。  相似文献   

The establishment rate of a sheep nematode: revisiting classics using a meta-analysis of 87 experiments     

Gaba S  Gruner L  Cabaret J 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,140(3-4):302-311

Strongyle nematode establishment rate in their host is a highly variable life history trait, which makes it difficult to estimate. A meta-analysis was applied to the nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta of sheep in order to acquire a general framework of the factors modulating this life trait. A linear model was built with individual data on 540 infected lambs extracted from 13 articles. Lambs breed and age, time lag between last infection and the interaction between infection mode, infective dose and the number of repeated infective doses were significantly related with the establishment rate. The influence of infection mode on nematode establishment rate was also evaluated by comparing nematode establishment rate distributions within lamb populations infected under different conditions. Natural and repeated experimental infections lead to similar distribution of establishment rate. Conversely, these infection conditions resulted in different parasite establishment rates in average (12.7 and 23.4%, respectively). Three hypotheses are discussed to explain this result: immune protective response, host avoidance behaviour and parasite virulence.  相似文献   

The effect of long-term feeding of fresh and ensiled cassava (Manihot esculenta) foliage on gastrointestinal nematode infections in goats     

Sokerya S  Waller PJ  Try P  Höglund J 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(2):251-258

The benefit of long-term feeding of fresh or ensiled cassava foliage on gastrointestinal parasite in goats was evaluated. Eighteen male goats (15.15 ± 2.83kg and between 4–6months) were randomly allocated into three treatments supplemented with 200g of wheat bran head⁻¹ day⁻¹. All groups were fed ad-libitum on either grass (CO), fresh cassava (CaF) or ensiled cassava foliage (CaS). At the beginning of the trial, each goat was inoculated with 3000 L3 containing ≈50% Haemonchus contortus. Individual LWt, FEC and PCV were measured at weekly intervals for 10weeks. At the termination of the experiment all goats were slaughtered for worm recovery and enumeration. The goats in CaF and CaS had similar weight gains while those in CO lost weight (p < 0.05) through the trial. FEC in CaF and CaS were lower (p < 0.05) than CO during the patency of parasite infections, but there was no difference between CaF and CaS goats. PCV of all groups decreased from above 30% to around 25% at the end of the trial. The compositions of established worm burdens were mainly H. contortus (19–40%) and Trichostrongylus colubriformis (55–76%). TWB did not differ among the groups, however, CaS significantly reduced H. contortus burdens, as compared to CaF and CO (p ≤ 0.005). Thus, ensiled cassava foliage reduced the H. contortus population while the fresh foliage only reduced worm fecundity.  相似文献   

吉林上马厂林场红背（鼠平）肠道寄生虫研究     

周博  贾竞波  石全华 《野生动物》2009,30(2):85-87

采用Henttonen对欧洲北部变色旅鼠和欧岸（鼠平）及其体内寄生虫协同进化研究的方法对中国吉林上马厂林场红背（鼠平）肠道寄生虫进行了研究,并发现了4种肠道内寄生的线虫：管状属线虫、缠体属线虫和2种未定名线虫。其中,缠体属线虫感染率最高达81．8％,管状属线虫感染率为63．3％,未定名的2种线虫均为9．1％。管状属线虫感染强度最高,为14．9;缠体属线虫感染强度为2．4;未定名的2种线虫分别为3．0和2．0。  相似文献   

Parasite control in the age of drug resistance and changing agricultural practices     

Marcelo Beltrão Molento 《Veterinary parasitology》2009

The benefits of using antiparasitic drugs in farm animals are unquestionable. However, despite anthelmintic use as the predominant control strategy, extreme parasite infection cases are appearing in sheep and goat production; these impact productivity and have show mortality rates reaching pre-drug use levels. This was a predictable situation resulting from the loss of efficacy by all available products, particularly when some products were used as the sole intervention. The concepts of agroecology and holistic agriculture, which advocate the use of integrated management strategies, such as target selected treatment, herbal medicine, and the application of other parasite control alternatives, are not completely new, but are undergoing a resurgence because of their more sustainable appeal. The objective of this review article is to examine the problem of parasite control in the face of parasite drug resistance and to outline some strategies that may be used in parasite control programmes. Before they are accepted and recommended by the WAAVP, agroecological methods such as those listed above and described in detail herein should be validated based on scientific evidence of their efficacy for parasite control and should be tested for both host and environmental safety.  相似文献   

Arginine kinase of the sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina: Gene identification and characterization of the native and recombinant enzyme     

Thomas Ilg  Margaret Werr 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2012,102(2):115-123

Arginine kinase (ATP:l-arginine ω-N-phosphotransferase, EC2.7.3.3.; AK) is an enzyme with crucial functions in the energy metabolism of insects and other invertebrates as well as some protozoa and has been proposed as a parasiticidal and pesticidal drug target. In this study we report the identification, cDNA cloning, genomic gene structure and functional expression of an AK gene from the parasitic sheep blowfly Lucilia (L.) cuprina. The blowfly AK-encoding gene is devoid of introns and present in a single copy in the L. cuprina genome. AK is present in L. cuprina flies as a highly expressed soluble enzyme and is more abundant in the thorax, where it represents up to 2% of the total soluble protein, compared to head or abdomen. Guanidino substrate specificity studies show that L. cuprina AK is stereospecific for the l-form over the d-form of its specific substrate arginine. Furthermore, the presence of a free or esterified carboxylic group as well as an unsubstituted α-amine group are essential for acceptance of the l-arginine substrate while modifications in the aliphatic side chain are better tolerated. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constants K_M and the molecular size of the recombinant enzyme are virtually identical to that of the native enzyme suggesting that the gene cloned in this study encodes the highly expressed AK enzyme of the sheep blowfly.  相似文献   

Preliminary Analysis of the Results of Selective Therapy Against Strongyles in Pasturing Horses     

Ruben Francisco  Adolfo Paz-Silva  Iván Francisco  Francisco Javier Cortiñas  Silvia Miguélez  José Suárez  Cristiana Filipa Cazapal-Monteiro  José Luis Suárez  María Sol Arias  Rita Sánchez-Andrade 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

Control of horse parasites often omits application of measures to eradicate the free-living stages in pastures and frequently relies on chemotherapy only. Selective therapy was used for Spanish Sport horses grazing either in the same pasture (continuous) or in rotated meadows. In each group, equines exceeding a cutoff value of 300 strongyle eggs per gram of feces received ivermectin or moxidectin. Efficacy of the treatment was assessed by estimating reduction of fecal egg counts and the number of horses shedding parasite eggs (PHR). Coprocultures revealed presence of the cyathostomins Cyathostomum and Gyalocephalus spp. In all treated groups, a 100% value for both reduction of fecal egg counts and PHR against cyathostomins was obtained, and PHR values ranged from 100% to 12%. The longest strongyle egg reappearance period was observed in horses undergoing rotation grazing and receiving ivermectin (9 weeks), compared with a 6-week period recorded for the other treated equines. Our results seem to point that the efficacy of selective therapy in equine herds could be reduced if the horses with fecal egg counts below the threshold value (thus not receiving chemotherapy) remain grazing in the same pastures with the treated ones. It is strongly suggested that interested parties consider performing periodic fecal analyses to monitor fecal egg counts, together with the percentage of horses passing eggs in feces, to improve the effect of this procedure.  相似文献