Use of β-Glucanases and β-1,4-Xylanases to Supplement Diets Containing Alfalfa and Rye for Laying Hens: Effects on Bird Performance and Egg Quality     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2006,15(2):256-265

It is well established that the use of alfalfa in diets for monogastric animals is limited by its high fiber content. However, alfalfa is a natural source of xanthophylls and gives poultry products a desirably yellow color. In addition, alfalfa saponins may contribute to reduce the levels of cholesterol in the meat and egg yolk. We have investigated the potential utilization of β-glucanases and β-1,4-xylanases for enhancing the nutritive value of alfalfa for laying hens. An experiment was conducted with 864 ISA Brown layer hens from 40 to 52 wk of age and fed on diets containing rye (19.6%) or rye and alfalfa (15.1%). The results suggested that inclusion of alfalfa in the diets reduced body weights and total egg mass (P < 0.01). Dietary supplementation with polysaccharidases was unable to significantly improve the performance of laying hens. However, egg yolks from birds that consumed diets containing alfalfa were more deeply pigmented, presenting an increase in yellowness (b*). In contrast, at the percentage of incorporation tested, inclusion of alfalfa in the diets was unable to lower the levels of cholesterol content in the egg yolk. Taken together the results suggest that exogenous plant cell wall hydrolases are not effective for improving the nutritive value of alfalfa-containing diets for laying hens, although inclusion of small percentages of the dehydrated leguminous meal may directly affect the quality of the generated poultry products.  相似文献   

Effects of Cage Location and Tier Level with Respect to Light Intensity in Semiconfined Housing on Egg Production and Quality During the Late Laying Period     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2006,15(3):355-361

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of cage location and tier level with respect to light intensity on egg production and egg quality of hens housed in a semiconfined facility. Hens (ISA Brown, n = 225) at 75 wk of age were placed into 3-tier cages as top (T), middle (M), and bottom (B) tiers located in cages illuminated artificially (EI), by window (FW), or between corridors (C) for 2 mo. Light intensity was measured monthly for each cage at 5 cm from feeders every 6 h. Egg production was recorded daily and egg quality was assessed biweekly. Light intensity was the greatest for cages in the FW group (151.9, 119.8, and 89.8 lx for tiers T, M, and B, respectively), followed by EI (52.6, 54.5, and 51.0 lx for tiers T, M, and B, respectively), and C (44.5, 23.4, and 4.7 lx for tiers T, M, and B, respectively). Hens at location EI had greater egg production than hens at FW and C. Egg production for hens at tier T was also greater than for hens at tiers M and B. Egg production for hens at EI and C decreased quadratically, whereas that for hens at FW decreased linearly from tiers T to B. Cage location, but not tier level, affected egg weight. Hens at EI and FW produced heavier eggs than hens at C. Shape index, yolk color, and yolk index were independent of cage location and tier level. Hens at EI and FW produced eggs with thinner and weaker shells than hens at C. Moreover, eggshell strength increased linearly from tier T to B. Both albumen index and Haugh unit were the greatest for hens at FW, followed by EI and C. Their responses to cage location varied with tier levels. In conclusion, variation in light intensity in multitier cage systems in semiconfined laying hen houses may be a contributing factor for depressed laying performance and egg quality.  相似文献   

丙谷胺对产蛋鸡摄食行为及内分泌的影响     

左伟勇  韩正康  王国杰 《中国家禽》2007,29(1):23-25

选用35周龄伊莎蛋鸡8只,分别安装慢性颈静脉血管插管.实验采用自身对照法,对照期饲喂基础日粮,丙谷胺期在喂料前填喂丙谷胺.应用摄食行为计算机监测系统(FIDAS系统)记录各个实验期产蛋鸡喂料后4h内的采食行为数据,并测定有关血液生化指标.结果显示,实验期(填喂丙谷胺后)与对照期相比较,产蛋鸡午前(8:00～12:00)与午后(13:00～17:00)4 h内摄食量分别增加27.69%与30.41%(P＜0.05),摄食时间分别降低15.67%与3.75%,摄食餐数分别增加12.32%与27.2%(P＜0.05);血糖水平分别降低5.44%与18.03%(P＜0.01),瘦素水平分别升高2.59%与7.19%,胰岛素水平分别升高33.09%(P＜0.05)与24.5%(P＜0.05).提示丙谷胺能够促进蛋鸡摄食,并影响有关内分泌激素的水平.  相似文献   

饲粮中不同锌水平对育成期笼养蛋鸭生长及免疫性能的影响     

冯望宝  王安 《中国家禽》2007,29(11):14-17

采用玉米-豆粕型饲粮,4周龄健康金定育成鸭120只随机平均分为5个处理组,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复4只鸭,锌添加水平依次为0、30、60、200、1000mg/kg,试验期为8周,研究饲粮锌水平对育成蛋鸭生长及免疫性能的影响。试验表明,缺锌(第1处理组)和高锌(第5处理组)均能显著影响育成鸭体增重和免疫性能,笼养蛋鸭育成阶段在饲喂玉米-豆粕型实用日粮(含锌32.9mg/kg)时再添加锌30mg/kg可满足生长需要,适当增加日粮锌含量可提高免疫功能,建议蛋鸭在笼养条件下育成阶段饲粮锌的添加水平为30～60mg/kg。  相似文献   

蛋鸡锰缺乏症的病理学研究     

冯健  冯泽光 《中国兽医学报》1998,18(3):287-290

１日龄父母代罗曼（Ｌｏｈｍａｎｎ）蛋鸡１２０只,随机分为３组,分别喂以低锰（基础日粮含锰１３．６２ｍｇ／ｋｇ）、低锰高磷（基础日粮＋０．５％的磷）、补锰对照（基础日粮＋锰８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）日粮。试验期８周。饲喂５～８周发病。低锰组发病率２６％,低锰高磷组２８％,补锰对照组无一发病。第４周时,体重分别为（２６７．９±８．３２）、（２１４．２±１０．４２）、（２６５．０±１２．１８）ｇ,低锰组、补锰对照组与低锰高磷组之间差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。肝锰含量分别为（５．４０±０．７４）、（２．８２±０．３６）、（８．４８±０．９６）ｍｇ／ｋｇ,补锰对照组与低锰组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）,与低锰高磷组差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。发病症状：精神沉郁,不愿走动,伏卧,跛行,单腿发病病腿向外侧伸展,双腿发病则内收呈“Ｏ”字形或外展呈“八”字形。剖检跗关节肿大,胫骨髁骨骨质增生、肿大,髁间沟变平坦。组织学检查,胫骨骺生长板增殖区变窄,软骨基质中粘多糖减少。超微结构变化,心肌纤维、肝细胞、胫骨骺生长板软骨细胞、睾丸精原细胞等线粒体肿胀与空泡化。  相似文献   

The effects of adding aqueous extract and dried aerial part powder of Tribulus terrestris on productive performance and blood parameters of laying hens     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2016,25(2):145-155

  相似文献   

Effects of Different Forced Molting Methods on Postmolt Production,Corticosterone Level,and Immune Response to Sheep Red Blood Cells in Laying Hens     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2007,16(4):529-536

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different molting methods on postmolt production, plasma corticosterone levels, and antibody production to SRBC for the welfare of laying hens. This experiment was conducted with 120 IGH-type Brown laying hens (70 wk of age), randomly divided into 3 experimental groups. The hens in one group were fed a whole-grain barley diet during the first 10 d (WB diet). On d 11, hens consumed 100 g of layer diet/d until d 28. In the second group, hens were fed a Zn diet containing 10,000 mg/kg of Zn as ZnO for 10 d (Zn diet). Hens were then provided 100 g of a layer diet from d 11 to 28. In the third group, feed was withdrawn for 10 d, and on d 11 hens were fed a cracked corn diet ad libitum until d 28 (California method; CAL diet). Hens in all groups were returned to the layer diet ad libitum on d 29. Egg weight was lower in the Zn treatment than in the other treatments. Feed intake and plasma corticosterone levels were higher and antibody production was lower in the CAL treatment than in the WB and Zn groups. The FCR was better in the WB than in the Zn group. Mortality, egg production, and egg quality were not significantly different among the molting methods. As a result, the WB molting program was the best method for postmolt production among the programs examined.  相似文献   

不同波长光照对开产初期母鸡间脑c-fos基因表达的影响     

张毅  胡满  程金金  郭洁  兰晓宇 《河北农业大学学报》2009,32(5)

为深入了解不同波长光照对母鸡生产性能的影响机理,用c-Fos法探讨了母鸡间脑对不同波长光照的反应,同时检测GnRH免疫反应神经元的动态变化。将150日龄母鸡右眼遮光7 d后接受20 lx的不同波长光照刺激1.5 h,暗适应1.5 h后灌流固定,取脑制作石蜡切片,采用免疫组化方法检测Fos蛋白和GnRH样免疫反应阳性神经元在间脑的分布。结果显示,不同波长光照均影响c-fos基因表达和GnRH的释放,绿光组和蓝光组的表达均高于红光组。  相似文献   

Comparative Pigmentation Efficiency of High Dietary Levels of Apo-Ester and Marigold Extract on Quality Traits of Whole Liquid Egg of Two Strains of Laying Hens     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2007,16(3):429-437

This trial was carried out to compare the effect of the dietary supplementation of high doses of either synthetic pigment ethyl ester of β-apo-8′-carotenoic acid (apo-ester) or natural pigments, mainly lutein and zeaxanthin, extracted from Tagetes erecta, on egg quality of hens laying brown shell eggs (ISA Brown) and white shell eggs (Hy-Line White W-36). The hens of each strain were divided into 6 groups and fed a corn-soybean basal diet supplemented either with 40, 60, and 80 ppm of apo-ester (APO) or with 120, 180, and 240 ppm of marigold extract (MAR). Egg pigmentation rose linearly and significantly (P < 0.01) as the dietary levels of apo-ester increased, but this did not occur when MAR supplementation was used. The amount of β-carotene equivalents in whole liquid egg of MAR treatments was almost constant with varying pigment dietary dose and was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than in APO treatments. In both hen strains, whole liquid egg redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) were higher with APO supplementation. The egg component weights were highly affected (P < 0.01) by the hen strain, with yolk:egg ratio higher in the Hy-Line. The trial confirms that in spite of the higher level of MAR supplementation, APO has a better efficiency in whole liquid egg pigmentation. The ISA Brown hens showed a better ability to absorb dietary carotenoids than did the Hy-Line White.  相似文献   

锰缺乏对蛋鸡生殖性能的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

冯健  冯泽光 《畜牧兽医学报》1998,29(6):499-505

父母代罗曼蛋鸡４８只，随机分两组，低锰（基础日粮含锰１２．０４ｍｇ／ｋｇ）和补锰对照日粮（基础日粮＋锰８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）试验期３２周，饲喂至５～８周时，少数缺锰雏鸡出破跛行和跟腱滑脱，锰缺乏时，对蛋鸡生殖性能的影响主要表现为；缺锰公鸡睾丸较小，曲细精管生殖上皮分化较迟，缺锰母鸡产蛋率较低（Ｐ〈０．０５），蛋黄锰含量极显著低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１），母鸡血清中促卵泡素和公鸡睾酮含量，缺锰鸡均显著或极显  相似文献