Effect of soil compaction on hydraulic properties of two loess soils in China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shulan Zhang  Harald Grip  Lars Lvdahl 《Soil & Tillage Research》2006,90(1-2):117-125

Soil compaction affects hydraulic properties, and thus can lead to soil degradation and other adverse effects on environmental quality. This study evaluates the effects of three levels of compaction on the hydraulic properties of two silty loam soils from the Loess Plateau, China. Undisturbed soil cores were collected from the surface (0–5 cm) and subsurface (10–15 cm) layers at sites in Mizhi and Heyang in Shaanxi Province. The three levels of soil compaction were set by increasing soil bulk density by 0% (C0), 10% (C1) and 20% (C2) through compression and hammering in the laboratory. Soil water retention curves were then determined, and both saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_s) and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity were estimated for all of the samples using standard suction apparatus, a constant head method and the hot-air method, respectively. The high level of compaction (C2) significantly changed the water retention curves of both the surface and subsurface layers of the Heyang soil, and both levels of compaction (C1 and C2) changed the curves of the two layers from the Mizhi site. However, the effects of compaction on the two soils were only pronounced below water tensions of 100 kPa. Saturated hydraulic conductivities (K_s) were significantly reduced by the highest compaction level for both sampled layers of the Heyang soil, but no difference was observed in this respect between the C0 and C1 treatments. K_s values decreased with increasing soil compaction for both layers of the Mizhi soil. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivities were not affected by soil compaction levels in the measured water volume ratio range, and the values obtained were two to five orders of magnitude higher for the Mizhi soil than for the Heyang soil. The results indicate that soil compaction could strongly influence, in different ways, the hydraulic properties of the two soils.  相似文献   

黄土高原地区苜蓿生产力动态及其土壤水分消耗规律   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

万素梅  胡守林  贾志宽  曹永红 《农业工程学报》2007,23(12):30-34

为了解不同生长年限苜蓿生产力及土壤水分的变化特征，该文系统研究了黄土高原地区3年、4年、6年、8年、12年、18年及26年生紫花苜蓿生产力动态及土壤水分的消耗规律。结果表明：不同生长年限苜蓿鲜草产量存在极显著差异。苜蓿草地土壤水分呈现规律性的变化：随土层深度的增加，土壤含水率增加，300cm土层以下，土壤含水率变化趋势平缓。苜蓿生长超过18年，上层土壤水分开始恢复，但深层土壤通体干化，水分难以恢复。苜蓿水分利用效率随生长年限的延长而降低。研究表明在黄土高原半湿润区紫花苜蓿适宜的生长年限为8年，第6年为苜蓿的生长高峰期。  相似文献   

黄土高原地区生态环境状况与经济社会发展关系研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡建军  王庆阳  刘煊娥  杨亚娟 《水土保持研究》2006,13(4):253-255,259

针对黄土高原地区的生态环境及经济社会发展状况,概括介绍了黄土高原地区的战略地位和自然特征,简述了历史时期黄土高原地区经济社会发展与生态环境演变情况,分析了当前经济社会发展对生态环境的影响,提出了当前生态修复重建的主要治理措施。  相似文献   

黄土半干旱区刺槐林地土壤蒸发特性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张卫强  贺康宁周毅邓军涛  甘先华 《水土保持研究》2007,14(6):396-399,403

对黄土半干旱区刺槐林内的土壤蒸发状况,进行比较系统的试验研究。试验采用微型蒸发器（Micro-lysimeters,MLS）,人为控制土壤水分梯度,对不覆盖、枯枝落叶物覆盖和苔藓覆盖3种处理的林地土壤蒸发进行了分析。结果表明,在不同土壤水分条件下,利用枯落物覆盖减小林地土壤蒸发效果晴天好于多云天,枯落物覆盖、苔藓覆盖与无覆盖相比,分别减少了20.15%～52.46%和11.11%～36.72%的土壤蒸发,枯落物覆盖效果好于苔藓;林地土壤蒸发量随土壤水分的增加呈上升趋势,当土壤含水量增加到一定临界值以后,林地土壤蒸发量由上升变为下降,表现出土壤水分对林地土壤蒸发具有明显的阈值反应,土壤含水量的临界值分别为14.2%（枯落物覆盖）和16.8%（不覆盖）;基于林地土壤蒸发量（E1）与水面蒸发量（E0）的观测数据,利用STATISTICA软件统计分析,建立林地土壤蒸发模型,可用于林地土壤蒸发量的估算,为林地土壤水分管理提供理论依据。  相似文献   

非干旱造林困难地区植被恢复的科学检讨及建议   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张信宝  齐永青 《中国水土保持》2004,(10):5-7

西北黄土高原、华南花岗岩丘陵、南方岩溶山地和西南干热河谷既是我国水土流失严重地区 ,也是非干旱气候区的造林困难地区。以上 4区的大部分地区可以依靠生态修复恢复植被 ,但C层大面积裸露的华南花岗岩丘陵、严重石漠化的岩溶山地和侵蚀强烈的干热河谷泥岩坡地 ,通过生态修复恢复植被难度较大 ,应辅以工程整地、引进外来树种和种植植物篱、藤本植物等人工措施 ,促进植被自然恢复  相似文献   

黄土高原植被的发展分析     

王晗生 《勤云标准版测试》2005,(12)

由一些概念,阐述了黄土高原植被发展的特点及其背景条件和依据。表明植被建设是植被发 展的前提,它其实和生态修复是一致的。植被建设具有多种环节,需要既突出植被的个性,又要强调 植被的整体性。在大面积的植被建设中,自然植被是基础,而人工植被是对它的补充、改良或完善,适 当而合理的配置是允许的。以农田为代表的人工植被有其正面积极意义。自然植被和人工植被以及 生态型植被和经济型植被,并非非此即彼,它们之间的中间类型植被有着较大的发展空间。植被建设 最终是要形成生态型植被为框架的景观格局。农区应当是人类生产经济活动的主要区域。与黄土高 原山区及城镇、工矿相比,农区是植被建设的关键。  相似文献   

Response of Watermelon to Gravel-Mulch and Supplementary Irrigation:Yield,Water Use Efficiency and Root Distribution     

ZHANG Zhi-shan  LI Xin-rong  ZHANG Pei-dong  ZHANG Jing-guang  WANG Xin-ping  LIU Li-chao 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2004,3(12)

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementary irrigation on watermelon (Citullus lanatus) yield, water-use efficiency (WUE) and root distribution in gravel-mulched field in northwest Loess Plateau, China, during 2001 and 2002 growing seasons. The results showed that gravel mulch significantly improved seedling emergence,increased yield and WUE, and alleviated the influence of drought on plant growth. Regardless of gravel mulch application, supplementary irrigation increased watermelon yields, average fruit weight and number of fruit, especially yield increased as the amount of irrigation increased (P＜0.05). Generally, WUE of irrigated treatments were higher than that of non-irrigation treatment in gravel-mulched field. The effect of water supply on root distribution was different in two years. In 2001, average root length density (RLD) and root weight density (RWD) whole the soil profile increased. In 2002, however, RLD and RWD decreased as water supply increased. The average RLD and RWD in 2001 were significantly higher than those in 2002. Maybe we can interpret the phenomenon with the theory that there is a need to optimize root distribution (in termsof water relations) and aboveground biomass for a given water supply. The yield may not depend as much on root growth as on the amount of water required at critical stages. A significant effect of soil depth on RLD and RWD were observed in both years, but did not rapidly decrease with depth.  相似文献   

黄土高原油松人工林地土壤颗粒的分形特征     

张社奇  刘云鹏  刘建军 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,35(11):151-155

为了全面了解人工林地的生态环境状况,采用分形理论,研究了黄土高原油松人工林地不同深度土壤颗粒的分形特征。结果表明,在油松人工林凋落物和根系等的作用下,人工林能够提高林地土壤的团聚能力,降低土壤的分形维数;不同深度油松人工林地的土壤颗粒分形维数在土壤剖面趋于均一,而且小于同种质地的其他土壤;土壤颗粒分形维数可以反映森林土壤粒径分布的变化,因而可作为评价森林土壤生态特征的指标。  相似文献   

黄土高原不同立地条件下的植被营建技术模式及天然草本植物资源利用探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

师江澜  杨改河  杨正礼 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,33(9):86-90

通过实地踏查、调研和大量资料分析,综合运用生态学、景观生态学、区域发展与规划以及水土保持学等多学科理论,结合退耕还林还草与经济发展的客观实际,构建了黄土高原不同立地条件下的植被营建技术模式。同时,提出开发利用相应立地条件下天然草地的优势种和主要伴生种,以丰富扩大植被建设所需的植物材料。  相似文献   

黄土高原丘陵沟壑区放牧林草地团聚体水稳性的研究     

范春梅  廖超英  孙长忠  许喜明  刘恒柏 《勤云标准版测试》2005,(11)

以黄土高原丘陵沟壑区——山西偏关县为例,对不同放牧植被类型、不同放牧强度、不同放牧畜种条件下表层土(0-10cm)的团聚体水稳性进行分析研究。结果表明,放牧草地较之放牧林地的土壤结构及结构稳定性要好;重度放牧下土壤团聚体含量最小,其结构稳定性亦最差;从畜牧羊种选择来看,绵羊相对于山羊来说对土壤结构破坏较小,土壤中团聚体含量较多、团聚体水稳性也较好。  相似文献