The Optimization for Crop Planning and Some Advances for Water-Saving Crop Planning in the Semiarid Loess Plateau of China     

Y. B. Wang  P. T. Wu  X. N. Zhao  J. L. Li  L. Lv  & H. B. Shao 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2010,196(1):55-65

The establishment of water-saving crop planning is an inevitable choice of the water-saving agriculture for the water-deficiency region in the arid and semiarid Loess Plateau of China and the world. The water-saving crop planning refers to the planting structure that centres the adjustment of the crop's adaptation to water, the optimization of temporal and spatial layout for crops, the local natural resources, marketing resources, human resources and financial input to enable region or basin with limited water resources to achieve the maximum economic, social and ecological benefits of planting industry under certain technology and economy. After the analysis on the research progress of optimization theory, optimization goals, optimization methods of water-saving cultivation structure and macro-control measures, it is pointed out that the main deficiencies of the current research of water-saving cultivation pattern optimization are lacking of a strong theoretical basis, and the immaturity of optimization technologies. The future crucial research direction will focus on five aspects such as the special optimization theory system, the division methods by studying the watershed unit and using 3S technology, optimization model based on multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, evaluation of rationality and macro-control measures on the basis of the public participation.  相似文献   

Effects of plastic film mulch and tillage on maize productivity and soil parameters   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

C.A. Liu  S.L. Jin  L.M. Zhou  Y. Jia  F.M. Li  Y.C. Xiong  X.G. Li 《European Journal of Agronomy》2009,31(4):241-249

This paper determined the effects of mulching time for double furrows and ridges using plastic film on soil water status, grain yield of maize, soil quality, and economic benefits. The study was conducted in a typical semiarid area during two growing seasons of 2006–2007 with the following three treatments: (i) plastic film mulching at maize sowing with conventional tillage, and the film was removed at harvest (CK); (ii) mulching applied 30 d before sowing with conventional tillage, and the film was removed at harvest (T1); and (iii) mulching at sowing with no-tillage, and the film left on the field after harvest in the first season and used for mulching in the second season (T2). The T1 in both years and T2 in the second year (2007) improved soil water content (in the 0–60 cm layer) and temperature (10 cm) at sowing compared with CK. After the two seasons, the soil water content was significantly higher in the 0–80 cm soil layer in CK and T1, and in the 0–120 cm soil layer in T2; however, it decreased significantly in 140–200 cm soil layer in CK and T1, compared to their initial values at sowing in April 2006, and there was no significant change in T2. The rainfall storage in the 0–200 cm soil layer during the non-growing season (late September 2006 to late April 2007) was 18.2 mm in CK, 34.0 mm in T1, and 59.7 mm in T2, and the rainfall storage in 100–200 cm soil layer was 16.5 and 18.6 mm higher in T2 than in CK and T1, respectively. In 2006, there were no significant differences in yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in all treatments. In 2007, the yield in T1 was significantly higher than in T2, but yields in T2 and CK were not significantly different, and there was no significant difference in WUE among treatments. Soil organic carbon (SOC) (0–20 cm) decreased in CK and T1, but increased (by 2.7%) in T2 at harvesting in September 2007 from the initial value of sowing in April 2006. The ratio of output to input was 1.32:1 for CK, 1.40:1 for T1, and 1.67:1 for T2 averaged across the two seasons. Therefore, T2 was a more sustainable model for increasing water storage, producing greater economic benefit and maintaining SOC balance for maize production in semiarid area.  相似文献   

基于LBV变换与小波变换的OLI图像融合方法     

刘炜  王聪华  杨晓波  雒伟群 《农业机械学报》2014,45(11):264-271

以陕西省榆阳区2013年6月9日的Landsat 8 OLI图像为基础数据源,对比分析LBV-Wavelet RF等5种图像融合算法的使用效果。对图像预处理后,分别采用HIS变换、Brovey变换、HPF变换、PCA变换和LBV-Wavelet RF方法进行融合和SVM监督分类,然后从目视评价和定量评价两方面对比分析各种融合算法的使用效果。在目视评价方面,判读融合前、后9种地类光谱特征的一致性;融合后图像是否具有全色波段图像的空间结构特征,是否存在细节模糊。在定量评价方面,采用灰度均值差、灰度均方根差评价融合后图像对多光谱信息的保持性能;采用相关系数均值、相关系数均方根差评价融合后图像对高空间分辨率信息的融入度;采用总体分类精度、Kappa系数评价融合前、后SVM监督分类精度差异。结果表明LBV-Wavelet RF方法能够使融合后图像在保持原多光谱图像光谱信息的同时,增强纹理结构特征,提高对细小地物的辨识能力;融合后图像SVM监督分类的总体分类精度和Kappa系数分别为84.01%和0.787,较原多光谱图像分别提高13.45%和15.91%。  相似文献   

基于CA-Markov模型的黄土塬区黑河流域土地利用变化     

李志  刘文兆  郑粉莉 《农业工程》2010,(1)

研究黄土高原的土地利用变化,可为其生态建设提供重要的决策依据。基于CA-Markov模型,分析了黄土高塬沟壑区黑河流域1985－2000年土地利用变化的趋势、速度、类型及其与地形的关系,并模拟了2015年土地利用情景。结果表明,黑河流域以耕地和中覆盖草地为主;1985－2000年林地和农地减少,草地和建设用地增加,其他类型变化很小;林地和草地相互转化与耕地转出是两大变化类型;土地利用变化主要发生在沟壑区。CA-Markov模型模拟的2000－2015年土地利用将保持1985－2000年的变化趋势,因此,需加强耕地保护措施,推进退耕还林草工程,促进区域可持续发展。  相似文献   

半干旱黄土区沙棘的水分生理生态与形态解剖学特性研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李代琼 《水土保持研究》1998,5(1):97-102,125

1986～1997年在半干旱黄土区的陕西吴旗、安塞县和宁夏固原县,对沙棘进行了蒸腾、净初级生产量、土壤水分等生理生态和形态解剖学特性研究。试验结果表明:沙棘每生产lg地上干物质,总耗水量为711～829g,其中蒸腾耗水量为551～654g,该地区荒山植被生产lg地上干物质蒸腾耗水量为343～709g,总耗水量却达2540～4501g。水分利用效率为1.21～1.53g/（m²·mm）,是荒山植被的3.1～6.4倍。沙棘水分利用效率较高,水分生产潜力较大。观察沙棘叶、根具有耐大气干旱、耐高温和水湿的形态解剖学特性,说明沙棘有较强的生态适应性。因而在半干旱黄土区的荒山、荒沟,营造沙棘林,能有效利用水土资源,这是快速治理荒山,提高土地生产力的有效途径之一。  相似文献   

黄土高原径流林业技术研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王斌瑞  王百田 《中国水土保持》1997,(2):18-21

以降水资源环境容量为基础控制林分密度,试验了不同集水技术对林地土壤水环境的改善作用,对林木生长的影响及集水技术的适用性.10年试验研究和大面积示范结果表明,在年降水量410mm左右地区造林,林地坡面经过不同的防渗处理,当每株树具有8m~2的集水面时,可使2m~2的植树带内收集到570～1270mm降水,造林成活率最高达到98%,林木生长量可提高40%～80%.  相似文献   

从土壤的储水能力分析黄土高原的植被建设   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

韩仕峰 《中国水土保持》1992,(12):45-49

土壤水分是黄土高原植被建设的首要限制因子,并受大气降水和土壤质地等因素的影响。对黄土高原大范围内降水、土壤质地、土壤储水能力的区域变化趋势和不同植物正常生长的需水分析,认为黄土高原植被建设的对策是:在半湿润地区,发展乔林兼灌木,农作物以冬小麦为主,搞好耙耱保墒,使降水就地入渗;在半干旱地区,以灌木为主,兼顾乔林,农田以春作为主,争取雨作同步,并修梯田、水平沟等防治水土流失;在干旱地区,发展灌木和半灌木,不具备灌溉条件的农田搞秋作物轮休,争取雨热同步和伏雨春用或修隔坡梯田等发展聚流农业。三个类型区都可以发展草地。  相似文献   

黄土高原农业调水增产技术浅析     

彭珂珊 《中国生态农业学报》2000,8(4):60-63

黄土高原地区水资源严重缺乏,大部分地区年降雨量为250～600mm,地表水平均径流量为136.91亿m3,人均484.58m3,仅为全国人均水平的1／3。阐述了黄土高原地区农业调水技术发展状况以及培肥地力以肥调水、轮作倒茬调水、抗旱育种调水、间隙休闲调水、径流农业调水、节水灌溉农业调水和化学技术调水增产技术的作用,为黄土高原发展节水型农业提供理论依据。  相似文献   

新构造运动对黄土高原环境变迁的影响   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

李裕元  石辉 《水土保持研究》2001,8(1):123-129

新构造运动是黄土高原区域环境变迁的主导性因素。25Ma以来青藏高原的阶段性强烈隆升,导致了东亚季风气候的形成和加强,黄土高原乃至整个西北地区气候向干旱化趋势演化。黄土高原及其周边地区的阶段性隆升或沉降与气候演化的共同作用,导致了黄土堆积沉积的跳跃式阶段性扩展。黄土高原的地貌演化可以黄河水系的诞生为界限(1.67～1.43MaB.P.)划分为二个阶段:古湖泊低地阶段和高原河流阶段。  相似文献   

黄土高原水土流失区森林资源价值核算   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

杜丽娟柳长顺  王冬梅 《水土保持学报》2004,18(1):93-95

概述了目前常用的森林资源价值核算方法,较系统、全面地核算了黄土高原水土流失区森林资源环境价值(包括涵养水源价值、保育土壤价值、固碳制氧价值、景观游憩价值和净化环境污染价值)和实物价值(包括林地价值、林木和果品价值)的现值,并且分析了不同贴现率时森林资源价值的差异,指出基于可持续发展的需要,应取低贴现率进行森林资源价值核算。同时计算结果表明,森林资源环境价值是森林资源价值的主要部分,充分说明了森林环境价值的重要性,应该引起人们的高度重视。  相似文献