干扰素刺激基因ISG15、OAS1和RSAD2在奶牛早期妊娠诊断中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

陈洪波  程蕾  向敏  胡修忠  王定发  刘晓华  凌明湖 《家畜生态学报》2015,36(5):18-24

研究旨在探讨干扰素刺激基因15(Interferon stimulated gene 15,ISG15)、2′-5′寡腺苷酸合成酶1(2′-5′-oligoadenylate Synthetase 1,OAS1)和S-腺苷甲硫氨酸基区域蛋白2(Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2,RSAD2)对奶牛早期妊娠诊断的价值,为其在奶牛早期妊娠诊断中的应用提供理论依据。36头青年母牛分别于人工授精(artificial insemination,AI)后0d、18d、21d、28d采集外周血,利用荧光定量PCR技术对ISG15、OAS1和RSAD2在18d外周血总白细胞中的相对表达量(相对于0d)进行了分析;分别利用化学发光法和ELISA技术对血清孕酮(18d、21d)和牛妊娠相关糖蛋白(pregnancy-associated glycoprotein,PAG),(28d)进行了检测。通过建立受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)综合评估了三个候选生物标志物单独或联合检测在奶牛早期妊娠诊断中的统计学指标,并与孕酮检测和PAG检测的诊断效能进行了同步比较分析。对ISG15、OAS1和RSAD2三者的分析结果表明,ISG15与RSAD2联合检测的敏感性和特异性分别为94.7%和100%,具有最优的诊断价值;以血清中孕酮含量作为参考指标时,AI后21d妊娠诊断的敏感性和特异性与18d相比较优,分别为88.9%和94.1%,但诊断效能不及ISG15、RSAD2二者联用;PAG ELISA最早于AI后28d可做出诊断,且相对于ISG15-RSAD2联用其诊断的特异性较低,为94.12%。综上所述,利用ISG15和RSAD2基因不仅可望在AI后18d成功实现妊娠诊断而且具有最高的灵敏度和特异性,研究结果为下一步建立奶牛新型早期妊娠诊断技术奠定了基础。  相似文献   

基于统计方法耦合地理探测器的地质灾害易发性评价——以吕梁山区为例     

高星星  马鹏斐  吕义清  赵金亮  何海龙 《水土保持通报》2024,44(1):193-205

[目的]以山西省吕梁市吕梁山区的离石、石楼、柳林三区(县)为例研究高精度地质灾害易发性评价模型,为该地区区域规划提供辅助决策支持。[方法]基于地理信息系统,以区域内525个历史灾害点及500个非灾害点为样本,选取19个地灾影响因素,应用地理探测器(geographic detectors, GD)判断各因素的相对重要性,在Jupyter Notebook平台展开相关性检验并筛选指标因子,以信息量模型(information method, IM)为基础,利用灾害点计算其所提供的信息量的同时结合非灾害点提供信息量得到指标因子改进信息量模型(improved information method, IIM),并借助地理探测器空间分异性q值计算权重。利用综合确定性系数法(certainty factor, CF)分别建立GD-IIM, GD-IM, GD-CF, IM, CF, IIM共6大评价体系,采用自然断点分类法将研究区易发性依次划分为5,4,3个等级,以种子细胞面积指数(seed cell area index, SCAI)验证其分区结果准确性,采用ROC曲线对比模型结果精确度。[结...  相似文献   

The suitability of weed risk assessment as a conservation tool to identify invasive plant threats in East African rainforests     

Wayne Dawson  David F.R.P. Burslem 《Biological conservation》2009,142(5):1018-1024

We tested the ability of an international Weed Risk Assessment (WRA) protocol to predict invasion status of 230 alien plant species introduced via a botanical garden to tropical rainforest in Tanzania. The reliability and accuracy of WRA in discriminating between invaders and non-invaders was independently assessed using field data on species demography and distribution. The WRA rejected 83% of known invaders, and accepted 74% of non-invaders. Only 1% of accepted species were known invaders at the site. WRA performance varied among different growth forms, and underestimated the risks arising from palm species. Among those species that had naturalised, the WRA was better at identifying invaders of open rather than forest habitats. The WRA score was significantly correlated with how widespread species had become at the site, suggesting some capacity to predict spatial spread at a landscape scale. Knowledge of propagule pressure and residence time did not increase explanatory power. These results indicate that the WRA was able to discriminate between invaders and non-invaders with accuracy comparable to similar assessments in temperate and sub-tropical regions. It could be made more effective by weighting traits important in tropical forests e.g. certain growth forms, shade tolerance etc. more heavily. Such a modified WRA could be used successfully elsewhere in the palaeotropics as a screening tool to identify the risk of invasion arising from plants introduced for agroforestry, horticulture or landscaping. Given the increasing pressures on tropical forests and importance of agroforestry to local economies, the WRA protocol represents a useful conservation tool.  相似文献   

2008—2017年甘蔗品种‘新台糖22号’在广西蔗区的消长分析     

梁强  刘晓燕  李毅杰  林丽  王泽平  李翔  宋修鹏  周会  林善海  李杨瑞 《热带作物学报》2021,42(4):982-990

本研究通过调查2008—2017年广西甘蔗新品种区域试验中‘新台糖22号’（‘ROC22’）的农艺性状,结合分析同期该品种在广西蔗区的生产性状表现,以及种植面积、经济效益变化等情况,结果表明,‘ROC22’的分蘖能力和宿根发株能力随年份增加而逐渐减弱,株高和茎径则在一定范围内波动。2012年之后,平均甘蔗单产持续下降,蔗糖分也出现一定程度下降,以11月蔗糖分下降较为显著;黑穗病发病率迅速上升,从2.94%上升至9.02%,已成为广西甘蔗生产的最主要病害;螟虫危害程度逐年加重,枯心苗率从2.29%上升至4.27%。该品种种植面积于2011年达到顶峰,之后迅速下降,从756.4×10³ hm²下降至255.9×10³ hm²,占比从69.5%下降至31.6%。广西蔗农种植该品种所获取的原料蔗经济收入从2011/2012榨季的340.4亿元下降至2017/2018榨季的115.2亿元。可见,‘ROC22’在广西作为主栽品种多年,为广西蔗糖产业发展作出了巨大贡献,但随着种植年限的增加,其种性已明显退化,病虫对该品种为害加重,甘蔗产量和蔗糖分显著下降,被其他优良新品种替代已不可避免。  相似文献   

Assessing the potential impacts of climate change on the alpine habitat suitability of Japanese stone pine (Pinus pumila)     

Masahiro Horikawa  Ikutaro Tsuyama  Tetsuya Matsui  Yuji Kominami  Nobuyuki Tanaka 《Landscape Ecology》2009,24(1):115-128

To assess the potential distribution of Pinus pumila, a dominant species of the Japanese alpine zone, and areas of its habitats vulnerable to global warming, we predicted potential habitats under the current climate and two climate change scenarios (RCM20 and MIROC) for 2081–2100 using the classification tree (CT) model. The presence/absence records of P. pumila were extracted from the Phytosociological Relevé Database as response variables, and five climatic variables (warmth index, WI; minimum temperature for the coldest month, TMC; summer precipitation, PRS; maximum snow water equivalent, MSW; winter rainfall, WR) were used as predictor variables. Prediction accuracy of the CT evaluated by ROC analysis showed an AUC value of 0.97, being categorized as “excellent”. We designated Third Mesh cells with an occurrence probability of 0.01 or greater as potential habitats and further divided them into suitable and marginal habitats based on the optimum threshold probability value (0.06) in ROC analysis. Deviance weighted scores revealed that WI was the largest contributing factor followed by MSW. Changes in habitat types from the current climate to the two scenarios were depicted within an observed distribution (Hayashi’s distribution data). The area of suitable habitats under the current climate decreased to 25.0% and to 14.7% under the RCM20 and MIROC scenarios, respectively. Suitable habitats were predicted to remain on high mountains of two unconnected regions, central Honshu and Hokkaido, while they were predicted to vanish in Tohoku and southwestern Hokkaido. Thus P. pumila populations in these regions are vulnerable to climate change.  相似文献   

DISTINGUISHING RHINITIS AND NASAL NEOPLASIA BY RADIOGRAPHY     

M. Russo  DVM  C.R. Lamb  MA  VexMB  S. Jakovljevic  DVM  MSc  DVR 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2000,41(2):118-124

To compare the incidence of radiographic signs in dogs with rhinitis and primary nasal neoplasia and to assess the performance of observers for distinguishing these conditions, the nasal radiographs of 72 dogs with either rhinitis (n = 42) or primary nasal neoplasia (n = 30) were examined by two independent observers using custom-designed forms to record their interpretations. Rhinitis was associated with a higher incidence of focal or multifocal lesions, localised soft tissue opacities, lucent foci, and a lack of frontal sinus involvement. Neoplasia was associated with soft tissue opacities and loss of turbinate detail that affected the entire ipsilateral nasal cavity, signs of invasion of the bones surrounding the nasal cavity, and soft tissue/fluid opacities within the ipsilateral frontal sinus. The signs with the highest positive predictive value (PPV) for rhinitis were absence of frontal sinus lesions and lucent foci in nasal cavity (PPV of each 82%), and invasion of surrounding bones for neoplasia (PPV 88%). There were no significant differences in the position of the lesion within the nasal cavity, incidence of unilateral versus bilateral lesions, calcified lesions, or absence of teeth. There was moderate agreement between observers about the diagnosis (kappa 0.59). Areas (SE) under ROC curves were 0.94 (0.03) and 0.96 (0.03) for observers A and B, respectively (not significantly different; P = 0.68). These results indicate a high accuracy for radiologists examining dogs with nasal diseases. Differentiation of rhinitis and nasal neoplasia should be based on finding combinations of radiologic signs that together have a high PPV. Differences in interpretation between experienced observers in this study suggest that certain signs are potential sources of error.  相似文献   

Evaluation of modified Wright-staining of dried urinary sediment as a method for accurate detection of bacteriuria in cats     

Swenson CL  Boisvert AM  Gibbons-Burgener SN  Kruger JM 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2011,40(2):256-264

Background: Urinary sediment examination and quantitative urinary culture results are frequently discordant. Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare accuracy of light microscopic examination of wet‐mounted unstained (wet‐unstained) and air‐dried modified Wright‐stained (dry‐stained) sedimented preparations of urine with results of quantitative aerobic bacterial culture for detection and characterization of bacteriuria in cats. In addition, the presence of pyuria detected by urinalysis and potential risk factors were assessed. Methods: A blinded prospective study was conducted on 472 urinary samples collected from 410 cats by cystocentesis. The age and sex of each cat were recorded. Complete urinalyses were performed and included quantification of WBCs. Quantity and morphology of bacteria in each specimen were determined by light microscopic examination of wet‐unstained (performed by certified medical technologists) and dry‐stained (performed by a veterinary clinical pathologist) sedimented preparations of urine and compared with results of quantitative bacterial cultures. Results: Of 472 urinary specimens, 29 were positive for bacteriuria by culture and considered true positives and 443 were considered true negatives. Compared with these results, examination of wet‐unstained and dry‐stained urines had sensitivities of 75.9% and 82.8%, specificities of 56.7% and 98.7%, and test efficiencies of 57.8% and 97.7%, respectively. Positive likelihood ratios were 1.8 and 63.7 and negative likelihood ratios were 0.42 and 0.17 for wet‐unstained and dry‐stained examinations, respectively. Compared with 29 culture‐positive samples, the wet‐unstained method had morphologic concordance and misclassification rates of 37.9% and 62.1%, respectively, whereas the dry‐stained method had morphologic concordance and misclassification rates of 65.5% and 34.5%, respectively. Only 34% of samples with bacteriuria had pyuria. Frequency of bacteriuria was not significantly different based on age and sex of the cats, but there was a tendency for increased frequency in female cats and in cats >10 years old. Conclusions: Staining dried urinary sediment with a modified Wright‐stain significantly improved sensitivity, specificity, and test efficiency of microscopic detection and classification of bacteriuria compared with the wet‐unstained method. Pyuria should not be a criterion for determining the presence or absence of bacteriuria.  相似文献   

基于生态位模型的薇甘菊在中国适生区的预测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张海娟  陈勇  黄烈健  倪汉文 《农业工程学报》2011,27(13):413-418

薇甘菊（Mikania micrantha H B K.）是一种危害极大的外来入侵农林杂草。为了预测薇甘菊在中国的适生区,该文运用预设预测规则的遗传算法（genetic algorithm for rule-set production,GARP)和最大熵（Maximum Entropy,MaxEnt)模型对薇甘菊在中国的适生区进行预测,并运用受试者工作曲线（receiver operating characteristic, ROC）分析方法对2种模型的预测结果进行分析,选出最优模型进行预测,同时对环境变量进行刀切法分析,判断环境变量对薇甘菊分布的影响。结果表明,GARP和MaxEnt模型ROC曲线下面的面积AUC（area under the ROC curve）均值分别为0.910和0.971,MaxEnt模型的AUC值更大,预测结果更准确,运行速度更快,更适合用于薇甘菊的适生区预测;对环境变量进行刀切法表明,海拔和季节性降水量方差对薇甘菊的分布影响最小,年温变化范围、年降水量、最湿月份降水量、最湿季度降水量、温度变化方差这5个环境变量对薇甘菊适生区预测影响最大;预测结果显示薇甘菊在中国大陆的适生区主要集中在海南、广东、广西、香港、澳门、云南、福建、西藏、贵州等省,其中西藏东南部和西南部、贵州西南部、福建中南部等地区应该加强监测及预警。  相似文献   

Validation and evaluation of a commercially available ELISA for the detection of antibodies specific to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bovine pestivirus)     

SR Lanyon  ML Anderson  E Bergman  MP Reichel 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(1-2):52-56

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抗旱营养调节剂“旱地龙”对甘蔗矿质营养和光合特性的影响     

周主贵  陆国盈  林善海  满若君 《河南农业科学》2013,(10)

为进一步探讨“旱地龙”对甘蔗抗旱增产的调节作用机制,研究了喷施不同质量浓度“旱地龙”对甘蔗品种新台糖22号（ROC22）叶片矿质营养和光合指标的影响。结果显示,喷施“旱地龙”能明显提高甘蔗叶片的矿质营养含量,“旱地龙”喷施质量浓度以3g/L、2g/L、4g/L分别对提高甘蔗叶片N、P、K含量效果最好,分别比C K （0 g/L ）提高0.13、0.04、0.12个百分点。在光合指标方面,以“旱地龙”3g/L喷施处理对提高叶绿素含量和4g/L喷施处理对提高气孔导度作用较大,分别比CK增加0.19 mg/g和0.05μmol/（m2· s）;喷施“旱地龙”各处理的净光合速率和蒸腾速率在整个伸长期均高于CK ,以4 g/L处理作用较大,分别比CK增加4.94μmol/（m2· s）和0.42 mmol/（m2· s）,气孔导度与净光合速率的变化趋势一致,以“旱地龙”4 g/L喷施处理最高,为0.32μmol/（m2· s）。可见,喷施“旱地龙”可有效促进甘蔗对N、P、K等矿质元素的吸收,提高叶片叶绿素含量,促进光合作用。  相似文献