适合与甘蔗间套种春大豆品种筛选初报     

陈文杰  梁红  汤复跃  韦清源  曾维英  钟开珍  陈渊 《南方农业学报》2012,42(3):311-314

【目的】筛选出适合与甘蔗间套种的春大豆品种,为生产上大面积推广甘蔗春大豆间种提供参考。【方法】2011年利用9个春大豆品种进行不同甘蔗间作模式（甘蔗行距分别为1.2和1.0 m）的筛选试验,调查大豆田间农艺性状及产量性状,并进行相关性分析。【结果】甘蔗行距1.0和1.2 m栽培模式春大豆生育期和产量间的相关系数分别为0.78（P =0.0142）和0.69（P =0.038）。华春2号在1.2和1.0 m栽培模式下的产量均最高,分别为2222.22和2083.33 kg/ha。在甘蔗行距为1.2 m的栽培模式下,桂春10号和泉豆7号产量较高;而在甘蔗行距为1.0 m的栽培模式下,桂春10号和华春5号产量较高。【结论】华春2号、桂春10号和泉豆7号适宜与甘蔗在行距1.2 m栽培模式下间作,华春2号、桂春10号和华春5号适宜与甘蔗在行距1.0 m栽培模式下间作。  相似文献   

不同株行距对甘薯生长和产量性状的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苏明  黄洁  甘学德  许瑞丽  叶剑秋 《江西农业学报》2011,23(5):6-9

在0.8~1.0 m行距和0.15~0.25 m株距条件下,采用9种不同株行距配置方式,在海南省种植短蔓型甘薯品种广薯79,结果表明:加宽行距有利于提高分枝数、单株鲜薯重、干物率、薯干产量和淀粉产量;缩小株距有利于提高鲜薯产量和薯干产量;加宽株距有利于提高分枝数、单株结薯数、单株鲜薯重和大中薯比率。在9个处理中,0.8 m×0.15 m株行距配置方式收获最高的鲜薯产量,(0.9~1.0 m)×(0.15~0.20 m)株行距配置方式获得较高的薯干产量和淀粉产量。  相似文献   

营养面积和行株距配置对红香芋植株光合特性及产量品质的影响     

李洁英  臧玉文  谢静静  张川  蒋芳玲  吴震 《西北农业学报》2014,23(10):127-133

以地方品种‘建昌红香芋’为材料,设置6个植株配置组合,研究其对植株生长、冠层特征、光合参数及球茎产量品质等指标的影响,以探讨营养面积和行株距配置对芋植株光合特性及产量品质的影响。结果表明,单株营养面积越小,芋植株株高越高,叶片开展度越低。在营养面积为0.165m2和0.220m2的条件下,宽窄行为(70+40)cm的植株冠层光合有效辐射透过率显著高于宽窄行为(80+30)cm的植株,而光合有效辐射截获率则相反。株距为30cm的芋植株叶面积指数和冠层光合有效辐射截获率最大,冠层光合有效辐射透过率最小,植株的净光合速率(Pn)最低,其单株球茎产量最低,品质最差。株距为35cm时,芋植株具有较高的Pn,形成的单位面积球茎产量最高,品质最好。说明,合理的营养面积和行株距配置可有效调控芋植株冠层形态结构和光合有效辐射(PAR),影响光合作用,并最终影响球茎产量和品质。  相似文献   

株行距及穴苗数的配置对寒地水稻产量和品质的影响     

曹亮  黄炳林  王孟雪  张玉先 《作物杂志》2019,35(3):91-2030

为明确垦稻26和龙粳31高产优质栽培的株行距和穴苗数处理,采取裂区设计进行试验研究。结果表明,最优群体因品种而异,垦稻26在株距10cm、行距30cm、5苗/穴产量最佳,龙粳31则以株距13.3cm、行距27cm、9苗/穴产量最佳;垦稻26在5苗/穴、行株距30cm×10cm处理,有利于提高稻米的碾磨品质,不利于改善稻米的外观品质,营养品质较低,利于改善稻米的食味品质,且食味评分值高达86.5,显著高于最低处理;龙粳31在5苗/穴、行株距27cm×13.3cm处理,碾磨品质较高,不利于营养品质和外观品质的改善,食味品质得到明显改善,食味评分值高达86.0,与最低处理差异达显著水平。因此,高产优质栽培要因品种选择适宜的穴苗数和株行距,是实现水稻高产优质最为快捷、最为经济有效的措施。  相似文献   

株行配置对春玉米根冠空间分布及产量的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

梁熠  何文寿  代晓华  马琨  侯贤清 《玉米科学》2016,24(6):97-102

以先玉335为试验材料,设置7.50万株/hm2和9.75万株/hm2两个种植密度,60 cm+60 cm等行距和40 cm+80 cm宽窄行两个行距配置,比较株行配置对春玉米冠层、根系结构与功能及产量的影响。结果表明,随种植密度增加,果穗、茎鞘干重百分比垂直分布明显上移,叶片干重百分比在垂直分布变化较小,行距配置对果穗、茎鞘干重百分比在垂直分布上影响较小。相对于等行距种植,宽窄行种植叶片干重百分比有下移趋势,群体不同叶位叶面积指数也表现为同一密度下,宽窄行种植群体上层LAI较小,穗位叶高效叶层LAI较大;随密度增加,根重有纵向下移的趋势,根系TTC还原强度在不同土层深度都显著降低。同一密度下,宽窄行种植根重的垂直分布出现下移趋势,根系TTC还原强度略高于等行距种植。高密度条件下,宽窄行种植降低了玉米果穗秃尖长,显著增加果穗穗粒数,因而显著提高产量,增产2.73%~10.86%,说明在宁夏扬黄灌区较高种植密度下,采用宽窄行种植能优化不同叶层结构,适当增加深层土壤根系所占比例及活力,有利于获得高产。  相似文献   

Spatial variability in the growth of direct-seeded rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in northeast Thailand     

Satoshi Hayashi  Akihiko Kamoshita  Junko Yamagishi  Anuchart Kotchasatit  Boonrat Jongdee 《Field Crops Research》2009

Large within-field variation in rice growth often causes production loss in broadcast-seeded (BC) rainfed lowland rice. The spatial variability of direct-seeded rainfed lowland rice was evaluated in 2004, 2005, and 2007 in on-station experiments at Ubon Ratchathani, northeast Thailand, in relation to soil water content and weed infestation, by adopting semivariogram and block kriging, including comparisons among BC with harrowing (BCH; no weeding), BC with no harrowing (BCNH; no weeding), and row-seeded (RS; interrow weeding once) fields. BCH and BCNH were also compared in 11 farmers’ fields in 2006 and 2007, to assess the effect of harrowing on rice growth and weed infestation. During most of the rice growing periods, flooded and non-flooded portions existed simultaneously in the fields, with different proportions among years and among seeding methods in the on-station experiment. BCH and BCNH rice had large within-field variation in seedling density, heading date, shoot dry matter, grain yield, harvest index, panicle density, and filled spikelet per panicle, as well as in weed infestation, measured by a quick visual estimation. Many of the measured variables (except mean soil water content in RS in 2007, seedling density in BCH in 2005 and 2007, shoot dry matter in BCH and BCNH in 2007, and panicle density in BCH in 2007) were spatially dependent (i.e., data from nearby locations were most similar) by geostatistical analysis. Analysis of correlations using the 420 data sets of BCH plots in 2005 and BCH, BCNH, and RS plots in 2007 revealed a positive correlation between soil water content and grain yield and negative correlations between weed infestation and soil water content and grain yield. Compared with BCH, in 2007 BCNH had much lower grain yield because of lower soil water content after establishment and more weed infestation. BCH had higher grain yield than BCNH in weedy fields in the farmers’ fields experiment. RS with interrow weeding resulted in a smaller coefficient of variation, smaller sill value, and higher grain yield than BCH, due to less weed infestation and a higher proportion of flooded water. These results indicated that reducing the spatial variability in rice growth requires careful field preparation, such as harrowing to level the soil surface and to reduce the uneven distribution of standing water and the variability in soil water content, combined with effective crop and weed management (i.e., harrowing and row-seeding). This is the first study that examined spatial variability in the growth of direct-seeded rice as a function of soil water content and weed infestation in a rainfed lowland environment.  相似文献   

Fine-scale vegetation patches decline in size and cover with increasing rainfall in Australian savannas   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Ludwig  John A.  Tongway  David J.  Eager  Robert W.  Williams  Richard J.  Cook  Garry D. 《Landscape Ecology》1999,14(6):557-566

Fine-scale vegetation patches (<5 m in width) are critically important in many landscapes because they function to obstruct surface flows of water and wind. These obstructions increase the infiltration of runoff and the capture of nutrients in runoff sediments and in wind-blown soil and litter. The importance of redistribution of runoff into runon patches from spaces between patches (fetches) is likely to be greater in drier than in wetter environments. In this paper we examine the hypothesis that the ratio of fetch to patch decreases as rainfall increases, and that this trend will be most evident on intermediate-textured soils because these soils are more prone to runoff. We measured fine-scale patches on 38 sites with sand, loam or clay soils. Sites were located along a 1000-mm rainfall gradient in the savannas of northern Australia. The width and intercept length of patches and the fetch between patches was measuring along line transects of 100–120 m oriented down slope. We found that the ratio of fetch to patch area did not decrease with decreasing rainfall, but increased on both sand and loam soils. This result was because with increasing rainfall mean spacing between patches disproportionally increased while mean patch size and cover declined. The cover of patches was negatively correlated with tree canopy cover, which significantly increased with rainfall. This negative correlation suggests that in higher rainfall savannas the size and spacing of ground-layer patches is controlled by the tree layer, and that as rainfall decreases this control decreases and runoff-runon processes increasingly structure the landscape. For savannas on clay soils these trends were not significant except that on the highest rainfall sites the cover of ground-layer patches was nearly 100% while trees were absent.  相似文献   

播种方式和行距对燕麦/饲用豌豆混播草地生产性能及种间关系的影响     

郭常英  王伟  蒲小剑  段娜宁  魏晓丽  彭丹  徐成体 《草地学报》2022,30(9):2483-2491

为筛选出适宜于青藏高原高寒地区种植推广的播种方式及播种行距,本研究以燕麦(Avena sativa)和饲用豌豆(Pisum sativum)为试验材料,探求其在混播、间作及不同行距下的生产性能及种间竞争关系。结果表明：混播处理生产性能优于间作处理,30 cm处理优于其他行距。混播草地土地当量比均大于1,具有混播优势,混播草地中燕麦与饲用豌豆的种间相容性较好,两者间促进作用大于竞争作用,行距为30 cm与25 cm时,燕麦的竞争能力大于饲用豌豆。综合评价显示,青藏高原高寒地区燕麦/饲用豌豆混播行距30 cm时效果最佳,干草产量最高,适于建植应用。  相似文献   

Comparative Performance of Rice with System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and Conventional Management using Different Plant Spacings     

A. K. Thakur  S. Rath  S. Roychowdhury  N. Uphoff 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2010,196(2):146-159

The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) reportedly enhances the yields of rice (Oryza sativa L.) through synergy among several agronomic management practices. This study was conducted to investigate the effects on rice plant characteristics and yield by comparing the plants grown with different methods of cultivation – SRI vs. recommended management practices (RMP) focusing on the impact of different plant spacings. Performance of individual hills was significantly improved with wider spacing compared with closer‐spaced hills in terms of root growth and xylem exudation rates, leaf number and leaf sizes, canopy angle, tiller and panicle number, panicle length and grain number per panicle, grain filling and 1000‐grain weight and straw weight, irrespective of whether SRI or RMP was employed. Both sets of practices gave their highest grain yield with the spacing of 20 × 20 cm; however, SRI yielded 40 % more than the recommended practice. At this spacing, canopies also had the highest leaf area index (LAI) and light interception during flowering stage. The lowest yield was recorded at 30 × 30 cm spacing under both the practices, as a result of less plant population (11 m^?2), despite improved hill performance. During the ripening stage, hills with wider spacing had larger root dry weight, produced greater xylem exudates, and transported these towards shoot at faster rates. These features contributed to the maintenance of higher chlorophyll levels, enhanced fluorescence and photosynthesis rates of leaves and supported more favourable yield attributes and grain yield in individual hills than in closely‐spaced plants. Moreover, these parameters further improved in SRI, apart from the enhanced percentage of effective tillers and showed substantial and positive impacts on grain yield (17 %) compared with recommended practice. In conclusion, wide spacing beyond optimum plant density, however, does not give higher grain yield on an area basis and for achieving this, a combination of improved hills with optimum plant population must be worked out for SRI.  相似文献   

The Effects of Intercrop Spacing Patterns on the Silage Yield of Maize and Soybean     

R. C. Martin    H. D. Voldeng  D. L. Smith 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1991,167(2):81-90

The effects of intercrop spacing patterns on the silage yields of both maize (lea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) were examined from 1985 to 1987. Dwarf maize was intercropped with nonnodulatmg or nodulating soybean in the spacing patterns, S_40same (two crops in the same row, 40 cm row width) and S_20ait or S_40ak (two crops in alternate rows, 20 cm or 40 cm row width, respectively). Tall maize was intercropped with nodulating soybean in S_40sames S_40alt and S_40pair (maize in 40 cm paired rows, soybean rows 20 cm outside each maize row and 80 cm from the next set of four rows) at 0 or 60 kg N ha⁻¹ and at population densities of 67% maize: 67% soybean or 50 % maize: 50% soybean. Maize and soybean were also intercropped and stripcropped on a farm-scale. The only difference between intercrops arranged in the same rows versus those in alternate rows was that the average soybean protein yields were higher in S_40same than in S_40alt. In 1986, the S_40alt maize-soybean intercrops produced higher maize yields, total biomass yields and Land Equivalent Ratios (LERs) than in S_40pirs, and in 1987, these responses were higher in intercrops than in stripcrops. In 1986, at 0 kg N ha⁻¹, the soybean biomass and protein yields were lower in S_40alt, than in S_40pairs and in 1987, these responses were lower in intercrops than in stripcrops.  相似文献