Metapodials of ancient bison (Bison priscus) of northeast Russia: “stress markers,” sex and withers height     

Irina Vladimirovna KIRILLOVA  Fedor Kasperovich SHIDLOVSKIY  Andrei Valerievich ZINOVIEV 《Integrative zoology》2019,14(3):270-279

A total of 175 metapodials (MP) of Pleistocene and early Holocene bison (Bison priscus Boj.) from the vast area of northeast Russia were studied. MP were attributed to males and females both visually and statistically. Data on the withers height of bison from northeast Russia are provided. Stress markers were recorded, including so‐called “buttresses.” With rare exceptions, stress markers were not of a pathological nature. The origin and development of the buttresses are age‐related; their prevalence in bison females can be considered as the response to an increased load during pregnancy. Changes in the periosteum, found in males, are related to their greater activity. Buttresses are also well developed on metatarsals of the red deer and the elk; they are less developed in reindeer and not found in giant deer. A relationship among stress markers, locomotion and the environment is established. Possible peculiarities of the Rauchua River bison locomotion are discussed.  相似文献   

“俄×中”沙棘杂交子代优良雌株选择   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

金争平  邰源临  温秀凤  顾玉凯 《国际沙棘研究与开发》2010,8(2):7-14

在半干旱区的内蒙古鄂尔多斯沙棘育种基地,从3个俄罗斯良种沙棘（母本）与中国沙棘优良类型（父本）的杂交子代雌株群体中选择出7株杂种优势显著的优良单株,它们兼有母本和父本的优良性状：营养生长和生殖生长明显超过双亲,果实产量高,营养品质好,棘刺较少,但抗旱性强弱差异明显。  相似文献   

Economic growth and nutrition transition: an empirical analysis comparing demand elasticities for foods in China and Russia     

Christine Burggraf  Lena Kuhn  ZHAO Qi-ran  Ramona Teuber  Thomas Glauben 《农业科学学报》2015,14(6):1008-1022

This study provides empirical evidence on the link between economic growth and nutrition transition in two emerging economies, China and Russia. Both countries have experienced rising average incomes, accompanied by an increasing rate of nutrition-related chronic diseases in recent years. Given the regional heterogeneity between these two countries, we analyze the extent to which income growth as a major driver of nutrition transition has a significant effect on the consumption of different food aggregates and how these effects differ between Chinese and Russian consumers. Our results indicate that with increasing household incomes over time the demand for carbohydrates decreases, while the demand for meat and dairy products, as well as fruits increases. This is a development generally known as nutrition transition. Further, we estimate a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System(QUAIDS) for nine different food aggregates for China and Russia. Our results indicate that in both countries all food aggregates have positive expenditure elasticities and are thus normal goods. Moreover, our results indicate that in 2008/2009 meat is still a luxury good in China yet a necessity good in Russia. For 2009, the highest own-price elasticities in China are found for non-meat protein sources and dairy products. Within the meat group, beef, poultry and mutton have the highest price elasticities in China. In Russia, the milk and dairy group, together with the vegetable group, is the most price-elastic food group in 2008. In line with the definition of a nutrition transition, our overall results underscore the finding that income growth in China and Russia tends to increase the demand for animal-based products much stronger than, for example, the demand for carbohydrates. Despite being a positive signal for problems of malnutrition in rural China, this trend of increasing meat consumption might further increase the incidence of chronic diseases in urban areas since there is convincing scientific evidence that increasing meat consumption, especially red and processed meat, is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases.  相似文献   

The role of saiga poaching in rural communities: Linkages between attitudes, socio-economic circumstances and behaviour   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Aline Kühl  Natasha Balinova  Alexander Esipov 《Biological conservation》2009,142(7):1442-1449

Effective conservation of exploited species requires an understanding of the motivations experienced by resource users. When use is illegal, it can be particularly difficult to distinguish users from non-users. The attitudes of local people are critical to conservation success, because they interact with social circumstances to determine behaviour. In this study we explore the factors influencing inferred poaching behaviour of the Critically Endangered saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica) in six communities in three countries of the former Soviet Union. We show that local people have a good understanding of the species’ status and positive attitudes towards its conservation, regardless of their household’s inferred poaching status. Poaching is a low prestige occupation, and our analyses suggest that it is carried out by poor, unemployed households who have the means to hunt. These results are consistent for all villages. However we find important regional differences in hunting behaviour, linked to saiga population density and migration patterns, which have implications for the likely effectiveness of different conservation strategies. Community-based interventions are more likely to be appropriate in Russia, where saigas are present year-round and hunting is more subsistence based, than in the strongly seasonal Kazakhstan populations where economies of scale require organised poaching by fewer households. This case study illustrates the complex linkages between attitudes, social circumstances and behaviour in resource user behaviour, and highlights both the consistencies and differences in drivers of poaching between locations at a range of spatial scales.  相似文献   

牡丹江地区适宜对俄出口早熟马铃薯品种筛选   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

范书华  董清山  王艳  解国庆  刘春光 《中国马铃薯》2012,(6):329-331

为解决牡丹江地区适宜对俄出口的马铃薯品种缺乏问题,从不同地区引进8个早熟马铃薯品种进行产量比较试验。通过对各品种生育期、植株及块茎的形态特征、产量等综合性状比较分析,结合俄罗斯人的饮食消费习惯,从中筛选出了牡丹江地区适宜对俄出口的早熟马铃薯品种为‘尤金’、‘费乌瑞它’、‘东农303’和‘中薯5号’。  相似文献   

THE RUSSIAN SEAFOOD REVOLUTION: SHIFTING CONSUMPTION TOWARDS AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS     

Trude Berg Andersen  Kristin Lien  Ragnar Tveterås  Sigbjørn Tveterås 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(3):191-212

A food consumption revolution is taking place in Russia. After decades of severe constraints on food consumption options under the communist regime Russian consumers are now adopting new food products—including seafood products – at a high pace. Since Russian consumers have previously had very limited seafood consumption choices, the market can be seen as an interesting laboratory for investigating consumer responses to products that have previously not been available. Among imported seafood products are both wild and farmed species. Furthermore, Russian imports include both traditional species such as herring, and ‘new’ species such as pangasius. We analyze market integration among seafood products using Russian monthly import prices from 2002 to 2007 on several products, such as herring, salmonids and pangasius. We find that pangasius compete in the white fish segment, and is a price leader. In the salmonids market, farmed salmon trout appears to be the price leader, both in the fresh and frozen market segment.  相似文献   

在外来与本土文化并融中发展的俄罗斯园林     

吴泽英 《农业科技与信息》2011,(1)

以新的文化思潮为线索,阐述了俄罗斯风景园林分别经历东正教拜占庭文化,欧洲大陆古典园林艺术以及来自东方文明的中国文化的影响,通过与自身地域文化中的民族特性和人文属性相互融合,从而形成了极具俄罗斯本土风格的园林。苏联时期,由于政治和权利机构意志的原因,又出现了苏联模式的园林景观。再现今新的形势下,随着全球化的推进,俄罗斯园林的民族传统面临新的挑战。  相似文献   

基于产业内贸易视角的中俄木质林产品贸易现状分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

田刚  张晓雯  李欣悦 《世界林业研究》2015,28(2):69-74

文中首先从贸易规模和贸易结构2个方面分析中国与俄罗斯两国间木质林产品贸易现状, 然后运用产业内贸易GL指数和Bruelhart边际产业内贸易指数对1994—2013年20年间中俄两国不同种类木质林产品和整体木质林产品产业内贸易发展水平进行实证分析, 最后对两国间木质林产品产业内贸易类型进行划分和测算.结果表明, 尽管中俄木质林产品贸易规模在不断扩大, 但产业内贸易水平总体偏低, 贸易方式仍以产业间贸易为主, 中俄木质林产品贸易呈现出较强的互补性.  相似文献   

俄罗斯森林采伐管理制度研究与借鉴     

宿海颖  李智勇  包应爽 《林业资源管理》2010,(5)

通过对俄罗斯森林资源采伐管理的法律、法规与政策进行分析,深入了解俄罗斯森林采伐管理制度的内涵,并在此基础上借鉴其成功经验,对我国相关政策的建立提出了政策性建议。  相似文献   

沙棘“生态经济育种”研究Ⅱ——半干旱地区沙棘杂交亲本比较生态生物学研究     

金争平  张吉科  温秀凤  李亮 《国际沙棘研究与开发》2011,(2):23-32

杂交育种的首要任务是重视亲本的比较生态生物学研究与筛选.利用Li-6400光合仪对内蒙古九成宫基地的中国沙棘与引进的俄罗斯沙棘开展了多指标对比测定.结果表明:俄罗斯沙棘特点是:叶面积大,叶绿素含量高,在湿润条件下百果重大,果实成熟期短,干物质积累快,产量高;光合速率高,蒸腾强度大,但水分利用效率低;叶片厚度、叶上表皮厚...  相似文献