Plant availability of heavy metals in a soil amended with a high dose of sewage sludge under drought conditions     

Inmaculada?Pascual  M.?Carmen?Antolín  Carlos?García  Alfredo?Polo  Manuel?Sánchez-DíazEmail author 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2004,40(5):291-299

The objective of this research was to study the effect of water deficit on soil heavy metal availability and metal uptake by ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) plants grown in a soil amended with a high dose of rural sewage sludge. Three fertility treatments were applied: sewage sludge (SS), mineral fertilizer (M), and control (C); unamended). The levels of irrigation were: well-watered (W) and water deficit (D). Microbial respiration decreased the total organic C (TOC) in sludge-treated soils, but this did not enhance soil DTPA-extractable heavy metal concentrations. Indeed, Zn, Cu, Mn and Ni availability decreased during the experiment. C- and M-treated soils showed either no changes or increases of some trace element concentrations during the incubation. In the plant experiment, ryegrass dry matter (DM) yield, relative water content (RWC) and leaf water potential (_w) decreased in drought conditions. Sludge addition increased metal concentrations in plants. However, in some instances, SS-treated plants showed either similar or lower transfer coefficient (Tc) values than did plants in the C and M treatments. Water deficit decreased the concentration and the Tc of some metals in roots of M and SS plants. Results indicate that sludge-borne heavy metals were maintained in chemical forms of low availability. The lower metal uptake by SS and M plants under dry conditions cannot be attributed to a lower availability of these elements in soil.  相似文献   

盐胁迫对黑麦草幼苗生长的影响及磷肥的缓解作用   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

杨晓英  杨劲松 《土壤通报》2005,36(6):899-902

采用盆栽试验和生理生化分析方法研究了盐胁迫对黑麦草幼苗生长的影响以及施用磷肥(过磷酸钙)对盐胁迫下黑麦草幼苗生长的缓解作用。结果表明,盐胁迫下黑麦草幼苗干物质积累下降;增施磷肥能促进黑麦草幼苗生长,增加干物质积累,增强黑麦草对Na+、K+吸收的选择性,促进K+的吸收和向叶片运输;能提高叶片叶绿素含量,增强叶片净光合速率和气孔导度,增加可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖及脯氨酸含量,从而增强黑麦草幼苗对盐胁迫的适应能力。  相似文献   

五龙鹅对黑麦草结构日粮消化代谢规律的研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王宝维  刘光磊  张名爱  吴晓平  贾晓晖  孙健 《畜牧兽医学报》2004,35(5):510-515

选取4.5月龄的五龙鹅32只进行试验,试验分为4个组,1个对照组,3个处理组,每组8个重复,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组饲喂基础日粮与青绿冬牧-70黑麦草重量的比例分别为1:2、1:3、1:4(CF占日粮干物质的量分别为9.14％、17.92％、20.40％、22.27％),试验采用全收粪法,连续收集正试期4d排泄物,分析饲料及排泄物中的CF、NDF、ADF、AA、N、Ca、P等的含量。试验结果表明：在能量和CP摄入量一致的条件下,随着日粮粗纤维含量的提高,CF、NDF、ADF消化率逐渐提高;净蛋白利用率处理组间逐渐升高;除蛋氨酸(Met)和胱氨酸(Cys)外,其余氨基酸消化率(AAAD)变化不大;但降低Ca的吸收率,增加P的吸收率。  相似文献   

黑麦草杂交F2代光合及水分利用效率研究     

龙明秀  高景慧  李波  吴振  高阳 《草地学报》2009,17(2):151-156

在晴朗无云天气下,利用C-340df便携式光合测定仪分别于分蘖期、拔节期和初花期对4个黑麦草品种(百盛Lolium perenne L.cv.Bison,邦德Lolium multiflorum L.cv.Abundant,多福L.perenne cv.Tove,卓越L.perenne cv.Eminent)及其杂交F₂代的光合蒸腾速率、生态因子(光合有效辐射、大气温度、大气湿度、叶温)和生理因子(胞间二氧化碳浓度、气孔导度)进行测定,并同期测定叶片相对含水量,旨在从F₂代中筛选出高光合、高水分利用率株系,并探讨影响黑麦草光合及水分利用效率的主要生理生态因子。结果表明:121个F₂代株系中,F₂-2(百盛×多福)的净光合速率最高、蒸腾效率最低(P<0.05),为F₂代中高光合、高水分利用率的最优株系;F₂-2(百盛×多福)相关性分析结果表明,蒸腾作用显著影响黑麦草叶片光能利用率和水分利用效率(P<0.05),气孔导度是影响黑麦草叶片光能利用率和水分利用效率的主要生理因子,可作为筛选高光合作物的生理指标。  相似文献   

外源硒对镉胁迫下黑麦草生长和生理的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘霄霏  李惠英  陈良  徐倩  胡龙兴  王慧彬  马向明 《草地学报》2020,28(1):72-79

为明确外源硒对重金属镉胁迫下黑麦草（Lolium multiflorum）的影响,本研究以一年生黑麦草品种"杰威"（Lolium multiflorum ‘Jiewei’）为试验材料,分析了施加0.05、0.1和1.0 mg·L^-1硒对镉胁迫（60 mg·L^-1）下黑麦草株高、根长、电导率（Electrolyte leakage,EL）、丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）含量、抗氧化酶活性及其基因表达的影响。结果表明：60 mg·L^-1镉胁迫下黑麦草株高和根长显著（P<0.05）降低,EL和MDA含量显著升高,同时超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase,SOD）活性显著升高而过氧化物酶（Peroxidase,POD）活性显著降低,谷胱甘肽还原酶（Glutathione reductase,GR）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Glutathione peroxidase,GPX）、锰超氧化物歧化酶（Manganese superoxide dismutase,MnSOD）基因表达量显著下调,而过氧化物体抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（Peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase,pAPX）和过氧化氢酶（Catalase,CAT）基因表达量则显著上升;施加外源硒后,镉胁迫得到缓解,在硒浓度为0.1 mg·L^-1时,株高和根长缓解效果最明显,EL和MDA降低,SOD活性下降以及POD活性上升,抗氧化酶基因表达量也恢复至对照水平,表明施加适宜浓度外源硒可调节抗氧化能力,从而维持细胞膜稳定性和有效缓解镉胁迫对黑麦草的毒害现象,其中硒浓度为0.1 mg·L^-1时效果最好。  相似文献   

缓释复合肥料对土壤和黑麦草氮素营养的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱洪霞  董燕  王正银 《中国生态农业学报》2010,18(5):929-933

采用恒温培养和盆栽生物试验研究了非包膜缓释复合肥料对土壤氮素养分(铵态氮、硝态氮、碱解氮、微生物量氮和固定态铵)和黑麦草氮素营养的效应。结果表明,在恒温培养条件下,各施肥处理土壤铵态氮含量随培养时间均表现为先升高后降低的趋势,且中后期缓释复合肥料处理(SRCF)高于普通复合肥料处理(CCF);缓释复合肥料SRCF1处理土壤硝态氮含量始终低于普通复合肥料CCF1处理,缓释复合肥料SRCF2处理土壤硝态氮含量在初期较高、中后期较低;SRCF各处理土壤碱解氮和微生物量氮含量变化均表现为增加-降低-增加-降低趋势,分别在培养第21d和105d时出现峰值;土壤固定态铵含量变化较小,但总体上以SRCF处理高于CCF处理。在等养分比例盆栽试验中,SRCF1-3处理黑麦草株高、生物量、干重和氮素养分吸收量均高于CCF1处理,SRCF有利于提高黑麦草产量、氮素吸收和利用率;黑麦草氮素吸收量与培养土壤铵态氮、微生物量氮含量呈负相关,而与硝态氮和固定态铵含量呈正相关。  相似文献   

Organic and mineral fertilization management improvements to a double-annual cropping system under humid Mediterranean conditions     

《European Journal of Agronomy》2016

The efficient use by crops of nitrogen from manures is an agronomic and environmental issue, mainly in double-annual forage cropping systems linked to livestock production. A six-year trial was conducted for a biennial rotation of four forage crops: oat-sorghum (first year) and ryegrass-maize (second year) in a humid Mediterranean area. Ten fertilization treatments were introduced: a control (without N); two minerals equivalent to 250 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ applied at sowing or as sidedressing; dairy cattle manure at a rate of 170, 250 and 500 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ and four treatments where the two lowest manure rates were supplemented with 80 or 160 kg mineral N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. They were distributed according to a randomized block design with three blocks. The highest N mineral soil content was found in the summer of the third rotation, in plots where no manure was applied. The yearly incorporation of manure reduced, in successive cropping seasons, the amount of additional mineral N needed as sidedressing to achieve the highest yields. Besides, in the last two years, there was no need for mineral N application for the manure rate of 250 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. This amount always covered the oat-sorghum N uptake. In the ryegrass-maize sequence uptakes were as high as 336 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. In the medium term, the intermediate manure rate (250 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) optimizes nutrient recycling within the farming system, and it should be considered in the analysis of thresholds for N of organic origin to be applied to systems with high N demand.  相似文献   

Carbon allocation to roots,rhizodeposits and soil after pulse labelling: a comparison of white clover (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trifolium repens</Emphasis> L.) and perennial ryegrass (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lolium perenne</Emphasis> L.)     

Andreas?de?NeergaardEmail author  Antonie?Gorissen 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2004,39(4):228-234

Organically managed farm areas in Denmark are expanding and typically contain clover-grass leys that are known to stimulate accumulation of organic matter in arable soils. We compared the C allocation to roots and soil from clover and grass, and determined for how long assimilated C remained mobile in these plant-soil systems. Pots with perennial ryegrass, white clover or a mixture of both were pulse-labelled with ¹⁴CO₂, and harvested for analyses after 4, 11, 20, and 30 days. ¹⁴C losses by shoot respiration stopped within 4 days and after this incubation time the input of assimilated ¹⁴C to below-ground compartments was greater in grass (52%) than in clover (36%). During the next 4 weeks, ¹⁴C allocation below ground increased in grass (up to 75% at day 30), but remained constant in clover (37% at day 30). In the grass/clover mixture, the below-ground fraction increased to 50% at day 30. In clover, ¹⁴C was incorporated sooner into stable plant and soil pools and less was released in rhizodeposition than in grass. This was confirmed by the ¹⁴C in the soil microbial biomass that decreased fastest in the clover treatment. Root-derived C compounds of clover probably decomposed faster than those from grass. The larger size and specific activity of the soil microbial biomass in the mixed treatment suggested a stimulating effect of the two plant species on substrate utilisation by the microbial community. This study showed that a 2- to 3-week distribution period is needed before sampling for quantitative estimates of C allocation.  相似文献   

套种绿肥对茶园土壤理化性状的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

宋莉  廖万有  王烨军  苏有健  张永利  罗毅  孙力 《土壤》2016,48(4):675-679

通过田间小区试验,以不套种任何绿肥处理为对照,研究了白三叶(Trifolium repens L.)、多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)和两者混播的3种套种模式对茶园土壤理化性状及环境小气候的影响。结果表明:茶园套种绿肥有降低土壤体积质量、降低土壤紧实度、改善土壤气相和液相比例的趋势,套种绿肥可明显降低地表、5 cm、10 cm和15 cm土层温度,减小土壤温度变幅。最高温时,各土层降温效果均为:黑麦草白三叶混播。绿肥处理的土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、速效磷含量和速效钾含量较对照有所增加,增幅分别为6.67%~12.6%、0.8%~15.2%、24.1%~26.7%和6.8%~88.9%。绿肥处理与对照相比,土壤微生物数量明显增加:细菌数量、真菌数量、放线菌数量分别是对照的1.75倍~2.58倍、1.22倍~1.88倍和1.15倍~1.46倍。因此,茶园套种白三叶和套种黑麦草对土壤生态环境效应的改善和茶园土壤基本肥力的效果相对更佳,值得在生产上进一步推广应用。  相似文献   

紫花苜蓿和黑麦草混合青贮过程中主要营养物质变化规律研究     

莘海亮  乔艳龙  李凌云  吴文旋  陈胜昌  张森  田景文 《贵州畜牧兽医》2019,43(4):7-9

为研究紫花苜蓿和黑麦草混合青贮过程中主要营养物质的变化规律,试验以贵州省常见紫花苜蓿和黑麦草按70∶30比例混合青贮,测定青贮第0、14、21、28、42、72、84、100、114、128、142d的主要营养物质含量。结果:从0~142d,随着青贮时间的延长,青贮饲料干物质中的粗蛋白含量逐渐降低,下降12.00%(P<0.05);中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量也呈逐渐下降趋势,分别降低17.87%、17.70%(P<0.05);粗灰分含量呈上升趋势,上升29.31%(P<0.05)。结果表明:青贮过程中随着青贮时间的延长会导致蛋白质流失,但也降低了纤维素水平,增加了青贮饲料的可消化性。  相似文献