Pesticide use and residues on Queensland wool     

MP WARD  RTF ARMSTRONG 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(11):739-742

Objective To determine practices for control of louse infestation and blowfly strike in Queensland sheep flocks that are associated with organophosphorous and synthetic pyrethroid residues on wool.
Design Information on residues was obtained from a survey of Queensland wool clips. Information on pesticide use was obtained from a trace-back postal survey. The association between pesticide use and residues was assessed using generalised linear models, controlling for potential confounding by flock location.
Procedure Between 1995 and 1997 Queensland wool clips were randomly sampled. Samples were tested for the presence and amount (mg per kg of greasy wool) of organophosphorous and synthetic pyrethroid pesticides. A questionnaire seeking information on flock characteristics and pesticide use was sent to the manager of each flock from which a wool sample was tested.
Results The median amount of OP and SP residue was 0.8 and 0.25 mg/kg, respectively, and 91 and 95% of wool samples contained < 8 mg/kg of OP and SP residues, respectively. The frequency of OP pesticide use for louse control was significantly (P = 0.005) associated with mean OP residue amount, and the timing of SP use for louse control, in relation to shearing, was significantly (P < 0.001) associated with mean SP residue amount.
Conclusion Most Queensland wool clips have acceptable amounts of residues after the use of OP and SP pesticides, but wool growers can further reduce residues by effectively controlling louse infestation with pesticide applications early after shearing and the use of non-chemical methods of ectoparasite control.  相似文献   

静松灵硬膜外腔注射对绵羊的镇静镇痛作用及其血液变化的研究     

魏锁成  张绳祖 《畜牧兽医学报》1998,29(6):541-545

在１２只绵羊按０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量硬膜外腔注射静松灵,观测了镇静镇痛作用的效应,并对血液气体和酸碱平衡状态的变化进行了定量分析,结果表明静松灵硬膜外腔注射的镇静镇痛效果明显,显效时间短,持续时间达１２０ｍｉｎ,对体温,脉搏,呼吸与吸气量有显著作用（Ｐ〈０．０５）,对血液中氧分压,氧含量,氧饱和度,二氧化碳分压,剩余碱及碳酸氢盐的影响明显（Ｐ〈０．０５）,而对血液ｐＨ值和血红蛋白含量无显著影响。  相似文献   

豫西脂尾羊排卵规律及胚胎生长发育规律的研究     

邓雯  庞有志  洪子燕  杨自立  王春清 《河南科技大学学报(农学版)》1998,(2)

豫西脂尾羊以单侧卵巢排卵为主，单侧卵巢排卵母羊百分比为98．18％，其中左侧为34．35％，右侧为63．64％。右侧卵巢排卵母羊数极显著多于左侧卵巢排卵的母羊数（P＜0．01）。总排卵率及排单卵、双卵和三卵的百分率分别为110．91％、90．91％、7．27％和1．82％。其胚胎长度增长以胎儿中期生长速度最快，而体重增长自进入胎儿中期以后一直比较旺盛。研究结果表明，豫西脂尾羊产羔率低的直接原因是排卵率低，主要是排双卵和三卵的比例低。根据豫西脂尾羊排卵及胚胎生长发育特点，就如何提高其繁殖率问题提出了具体建议和措施。  相似文献   

羊硫营养研究进展     

罗海玲  窦晓利 《中国畜牧兽医》1999,(5)

对国内外有关绵、山羊硫营养研究进行综述。内容包括硫的营养作用，硫在绵、山羊体内的吸收、代谢和排泄，硫的中毒、硫与微量元素的关系、硫与氮的关系，并列出若干硫代谢方面的数学模型，同时也对硫营养调控技术进行了叙述。  相似文献   

A comparison of the FECPAK and Mini-FLOTAC faecal egg counting techniques     

《Veterinary parasitology》2015,207(3-4):342-345

Faecal egg counts (FECs) are used for detecting and quantifying nematode infections and are the basis for determining drug efficacy and anthelmintic resistance in faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRTs). Currently, several FEC techniques are available for detecting and quantifying eggs of sheep nematodes. A comparison of the egg counts from the FECPAK (with a minimum detection limit of 30 eggs per gram (epg)) and Mini-FLOTAC (with a minimum detection limit of 5 epg) showed better diagnostic performance with Mini-FLOTAC in terms of measurement error (level of over- or under-estimation of FEC) and precision (variability in FEC). A tendency to under-estimate FEC was observed with the FECPAK particularly at egg densities of less than 500 epg. It is concluded that Mini-FLOTAC is a reliable diagnostic tool offering reduced measurement error and a higher level of precision.  相似文献   

沙葱及其提取物对小尾寒羊生产性能、胴体特征、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响     

刘旺景  唐德富  敖长金 《中国农业科学》2022,55(17):3461-3472

【目的】 研究沙葱及其提取物对小尾寒羊生产性能、胴体特征,肉品质及血清生化指标的影响,为舍饲肉羊饲料添加剂的开发提供试验依据。【方法】 选取3月龄、体重相近的小尾寒羊公羊60只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,对照组（CK）饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加沙葱粉(AMR),沙葱水提物(AWE)和沙葱醇提物(AFE),添加剂量分别为10、3.4和2.8 g/（只•d）。试验持续75 d,其中预饲期15 d,正饲期60 d。正饲期内测定小尾寒羊生产性能,正饲期结束空腹颈静脉采血测定血清生化指标,随后每个重复随机选2只羊进行屠宰,立即测定胴体特征（胴体热重、屠宰率、肾周脂肪重、皮下脂肪厚度及硬度）,取胴体左侧背最长肌测定肉品质,取肾周脂肪、尾部脂肪、背部皮下脂肪和大网膜脂肪测定脂肪肉色。【结果】 与对照组相比,①沙葱醇提物组的平均日采食量显著降低（P=0.001）,饲料转化率显著升高（P=0.039）,平均日增重无显著性变化（P>0.05）;②日粮添加沙葱粉及水提物能够显著降低羊肉的剪切力（P=0.029）;③沙葱粉组、水提物组和醇提物组肾周脂肪的黄度值（b^*）无显著性差异（P>0.050）,醇提物组肾周脂肪（P=0.096）和大网膜脂肪（P=0.087）的b^*值与沙葱粉组相比有升高的趋势,而红度值（a^*）（P=0.044）和饱和度（C^*）（P=0.021）显著高于沙葱粉组;④添加沙葱及其提取物能够显著升高血清总蛋白（P=0.006）的含量,沙葱及其醇提物能够显著提高血清白蛋白（P=0.006）的含量,沙葱醇提物能够显著降低血清尿素氮（P=0.024）的含量。【结论】 沙葱及其提取物对舍饲小尾寒羊胴体特征和脂肪肉色无显著影响;日粮中添加沙葱醇提物能够显著提高小尾寒羊饲料转化率,沙葱粉及水提物能够显著降低羊肉的剪切力,提高羊肉嫩度;同时沙葱及其醇提物能够显著提高血清中总蛋白和白蛋白的含量,促进肉羊对蛋白质的吸收。  相似文献   

ASIP基因编辑细毛羊自然突变和编辑基因型的遗传研究     

张雪梅  韩冰  蒋晓梅  刘明军 《西北农业学报》2022,(8):939-947

为了探究控制毛色的多拷贝基因（ASIP）编辑细毛羊自然突变（D₉、D₅）和编辑突变的遗传特征和规律,分别将深棕色毛色表型的F₀代基因编辑中国美利奴细毛羊公羊与白色表型野生型母羊,有深色斑点表型的F₀代基因编辑母羊与野生型公羊交配,获得白色表型和深棕色及斑点状毛色表型F₁代个体23只。通过分析F₀、F₁代基因编辑羊ASIP基因的自然突变和编辑突变基因型,掌握编辑基因型的遗传规律和特征,以及自然突变、编辑突变与毛色表型的相关性。结果表明：F₀代基因编辑个体的4种主要编辑基因型（4 bp碱基缺失、5 bp,12 bp碱基插入、27 bp碱基缺失伴随1 bp碱基插入及2 bp碱基缺失）均在17只F₁代基因编辑羊得到遗传（另6只为野生型）。基因突变与毛色表型的相关性分析结果表明,D₉或D₅自然突变、ASIP基因编辑突变和拷贝数共同影响或决定基因编辑中国美利奴羊毛色图案的形成。  相似文献   

不同品种绵羊D-loop区遗传多样性研究     

肖帆  张利平  朗侠  吴建平  张筱艳  靳继鹏 《西北农业学报》2021,(8):1122-1129

线粒体DNA（Mitochondria DNA,mtDNA）D-loop区的进化速度快且多态性丰富, 因此在生物的遗传多样性和起源进化研究中具有重要意义。采用PCR扩增和基因测序的方法分析甘肃高山细毛羊（G）、欧拉羊（O）、杜泊羊（D）、蒙古羊（M）、小尾寒羊（S）和湖羊（H）的线粒体DNA D-loop区遗传多样性和进化关系。结果显示,试验羊D-loop区中GC含量低于AT含量,共检测到171 个变异位点,单一多态位点58 个,简约信息位点113 个,共87 个单倍型,单倍型多样度（H_d）分别为 0.993、1.000、0.968、1.000、0.933和1.000,核苷酸多样度（P_i）分别为 0.022 37、0.014 63、0.011 93、0.017 47、0.021 40和0.023 48,湖羊的平均核苷酸差异度最大（K=31.622）,而杜泊羊最小（K=15.995）。蒙古羊和杜泊羊的核苷酸平均差异数K_xy最大,蒙古羊和欧拉羊的核苷酸平均差异数K_xy最小。核苷酸歧异度D_xy与核苷酸平均差异数K_xy结果一致。系统发育树结果显示,湖羊与小尾寒羊先聚集在一起,然后与杜泊羊聚为一类;欧拉羊与蒙古羊先聚为一类,然后与甘肃高山细毛羊聚为一大类,说明湖羊与小尾寒羊遗传差异小。  相似文献   

Surveys on Coxiella burnetii infections in Swedish cattle,sheep, goats and moose     

Anna Ohlson  Jonas Malmsten  Jenny Fr?ssling  G?ran B?lske  Anna Aspán  Anne-Marie Dalin  Ann Lindberg 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1):39

Background

Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Prevalence data in ruminant species are important to support risk assessments regarding public and animal health. The aim was to investigate the presence of or exposure to C. burnetii in cattle, sheep, goats and moose, and to compare two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). National surveys of antibodies against C. burnetii were performed for dairy cattle (n=1537), dairy goats (n=58) and sheep (n=518). Bovine samples consisted of bulk milk, caprine of pooled milk, and ovine of pooled serum. Antibodies were investigated in moose samples (n=99) from three regions. A one-year regional cattle bulk milk survey was performed on the Isle of Gotland (n=119, four occasions). Cattle, sheep and goat samples were analysed with indirect ELISA and moose samples with complement fixation test. For the sheep, goat, and parts of the cattle survey, samples were run in parallel by ELISAs based on antigens from infected ruminants and ticks. Bulk milk samples from the regional cattle survey and vaginal swabs from a subset of the sheep herds (n=80) were analysed for the agent by polymerase chain reaction. Spatial clustering was investigated in the national cattle survey.

Results

The prevalence of antibodies in dairy herds was 8.2% with large regional differences. High risk clusters were identified in the southern regions. The prevalence among dairy herds on the Isle of Gotland varied from 55.9% to 64.6% and 46.4% to 58.9.0% for antibodies and agent, respectively, overall agreement between agent and antibodies was 85.2%. The prevalence of antibodies in sheep was 0.6%, the agent was not detected the vaginal swabs. Antibodies were not detected in goats or moose, although parts of the moose samples were collected in an area with high prevalence in cattle. The overall agreement between the two ELISAs was 90.4%.

Conclusions

The prevalence of antibodies against C. burnetii in dairy cattle in Sweden shows large regional differences. The results suggest that C. burnetii is a rare pathogen among Swedish moose, dairy goat and sheep. ELISAs based on ruminant and tick antigen performed in a similar manner under Swedish conditions.  相似文献   

Evidence for genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in selected intermediate hosts in Serbia     

Marija Marković  Vladimir IvovićTijana Štajner  Vitomir DjokićIvana Klun  Branko BobićAleksandra Nikolić  Olgica Djurković-Djaković 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2014

To contribute to the insight into the worldwide population structure of Toxoplasma gondii, we genetically characterized a total of eight strains isolated from intermediate hosts including humans, sheep and pigeons in Serbia. Although parasite DNA was detected in 28.2% (60/213) of the human samples from 162 patients serologically suspected of active toxoplasmosis, as well as in 5/7 seropositive pigeons and in 2/12 seropositive sheep examined, multilocus PCR-RFLP genotyping, using SAG1, 5′SAG2, 3′SAG2, GRA6, 5′GRA7 and 3′GRA7 as markers, was successful in only four human isolates (of which one was isolated from both the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood samples of a single patient), one sheep and three pigeons. Of the eight isolates, five were type II (62.5%), one was type III, one was atypical, and one had a type I allele at GRA6 as the single locus genotyped. Although type II, as elsewhere in Europe, predominated, these results may suggest a higher genetic diversity of T. gondii in Serbia, reflecting local environmental contamination and also the geographical position of the country in South-East Europe.  相似文献