Influence of temperature on the growth of bermudagrass selections from the Appalachian region     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(8):849-860

Abstract

The hilly terrain of the Appalachian region creates an environment in which large differences in soil temperature occur over a very short distance on the landscape. The ability of a grass to display adequate growth over a range of temperatures would greatly enhance its adaptability and use as a forage or for soil conservation. A growth chamber experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of temperature on the growth of six bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] selections from the Appalachian region. Midland, a cold tolerant bermudagrass, was included in the study for comparison purposes. The grasses were grown under a 14 hour day length with three day/night temperature regimes: 18°C/13°C, 27°C/21°C, and 35^OC/29°C. Two of the selections had significantly higher dry matter production than Midland over the range of temperatures.

This effect was especially pronounced at 35°C where the top growth of Quicksand common and Selection 13 exceeded that of Midland by 206% and 158%, respectively. The higher yielding selections were comparable to the other bermudagrasses when mineral concentrations, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin levels were considered. Both Quicksand common and Selection 13 seem to have the potential to be particularily useful on south facing slopes where elevated soil temperatures are encountered.  相似文献   

中国牧草新品种选育的回顾与展望   总被引：41，自引：11，他引：30  

苏加楷 《草原与草坪》2001,(4):3-8,6

从 194 9年以来 ,中国牧草新品种选育已取得很大成就 ,到 2 0 0 0年底 ,经全国牧草品种审定委员会审定登记的牧草新品种共计 90个。其中包括沙打旺、苦荬菜早熟品种 ,杂花苜蓿、红豆草抗寒品种 ,苜蓿抗霜霉病、柱花草抗炭疽病品种 ,苜蓿耐盐品种、耐牧根蘖型品种 ,白三叶抗旱耐热品种 ,小黑麦、多花黑麦草多倍体品种 ,青贮玉米、青贮高粱杂种一代品种 ,高粱与苏丹草杂交种等新品种。存在问题主要是育成品种数量少 ,不能满足生产多方面的需要 ;育种技术和方法有待进一步提高 ;良种繁育体系不健全 ,新品种扩繁缓慢 ,推广面积较小。展望 2 1世纪 ,我国牧草育种应从高产、优质、抗病虫和抗逆性几方面努力 ,培育出更多更好的新品种。建立和完善牧草种质资源保护体系、牧草育种体系和良种繁育体系 ,以加速我国牧草种子产业的发展  相似文献   

Effect of Planting Sequence and Time, and Nitrogen on Maize Legume Intercrop Yield     

W. B. Bryan  S. A. Peprah 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1988,161(1):17-22

Productivity of maize ( Zea mays L.) legume intercrops is determined by soil, management, and environment. Planting sequence and time and N fertilization are easily controlled management factors but their effects on intercrop yields are not well understood. Maize grown in monoculture or intercropped with polebean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata [L.] Warp.) was studied for two growing seasons at Morgantown, WV. Crops were seeded in the following sequences: maize before legume, both at the same time, and legume before maize. Planting times were early May or mid June. Nitrogen was applied at 0 or 160 kg ha⁻¹. Maize grain and forage, legume grain and forage, and total forage production were determined on a dry matter basis. Intercropping (average of all treatments) reduced maize grain and forage yields compared to maize in monoculture but had no effect on total forage production. However, total forage production was greatest when the seeding sequence was maize intercropped at the same time or before cowpea. Cowpea never produced grain, but forage production was almost double that of polebean. Maize produced most forage when seeded before the legumes, and the legumes produced most forage when seeded before maize. Early planting increased maize production and decreased legume production. Nitrogen increased maize grain, maize forage, and total forage yields but had not effect on legume forage production. It is concluded that maize/legume intercrops show promise for increasing forage production in temperate areas and more research on planting times and densities, weed control, harvesting and management is needed.  相似文献   

山西省临汾地区草坪草与牧草引种评价   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

赵美清  侯金伟 《草业科学》2003,20(12):42-44

1998—1999年,在临汾地区引入7个草坪草品种和6个牧草品种进行栽培、评价。草坪草品种中。草地早熟禾适宜在该地区种植,尤其是BarVB5649。牧草品种中。多花黑麦草生长快。产量高,但不耐旱、不抗寒,大田推广有困难。苜蓿抗寒耐旱。3个供试品种Baraffa54,Sanditi和Sitel均适宜大面积种植。  相似文献   

几种饲料作物在内蒙古呼和浩特地区的生产性能评价   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

李青丰  徐军  李治国 《草业科学》2003,20(12):22-25

在内蒙古呼和浩特地区,种植并评价了6种(品种)饲用高粱和高丹草类植物的生产性能及作为饲用植物的价值。结果表明,此类植物具有高产、饲用价值高、利用方便等特点,应用前景广阔,可以考虑作为饲用玉米和苏丹草类植物的换代产品。从植物产量、叶量和分蘖特性等方面综合考虑,饲用高粱大力士和高丹草健宝明显优于其他品种,可以作为该地区的首选推广品种。  相似文献   

Effects of Supplementing a Basal Diet of Chloris gayana Hay with One of Three Protein-rich Legume Hays of Cassia rotundifolia,Lablab purpureus and Macroptilium atropurpureum Forage on Some Nutritional Parameters in Goats     

Mupangwa JF  Ngongoni NT  Topps JH  Hamudikuwanda H 《Tropical animal health and production》2000,32(4):245-256

Growth and digestibility experiments were conducted on growing East African type goats offered Chloris gayana hay supplemented with one of three high-protein (119–128 g CP/kg DM) legume hays, Cassia rotundifolia (cassia), Lablab purpureus (lablab) or Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro), and crushed maize to investigate the feed intake, digestibility, growth and urinary excretion of purine derivatives. Goats in the supplemented groups had higher total dry matter and nitrogen intakes and higher N retention and body mass gains than unsupplemented counterparts. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and neutral detergent fibre were increased by protein supplementation. Animals on supplemented diets had higher fractional outflow rates of particulate matter from the rumen. The production of protein by ruminal microbes and the efficiency of microbial N production were increased by supplementation. It was concluded that a mixture of low-quality grass hay (61.9 CP/kg DM) and either cassia, lablab or siratro hay, and maize grain can provide a productive balanced diet for growing goats.  相似文献   

河西走廊绿洲外围沙化草地固沙造林效果研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李福  韩天虎  豆卫  喻文虎  向金城  刘克彪  陈鸿 《草原与草坪》2006,(5):30-33

通过对流动沙丘固沙造林效果的对比研究,结果发现:未固沙造林的沙丘,丘间低地是以芦苇和赖草为优势种的原生群落,沙丘迎风坡植被稀疏,不形成植物群落,而实施固沙造林技术20年后的沙丘,虽丘间低地群落组成成分变化不大,但流动沙丘被完全固定,中下部形成以引入固沙灌木柠条锦鸡儿、花棒为优势种的人工植物群落,植物种类增加,生产力提高,草地生态系统得到有效恢复。固沙造林沙丘与未固沙造林沙丘相比,丘间低地群落高度增加51.6%,产草量增加12.6%,盖度增加4.7%,多度无变化,密度提高15%,物种丰富度指数提高25%,均匀度指数提高34.8%;迎风坡下部群落高度增加87.1%,产草量增加13%,多度提高一个等级,密度增加15%,物种丰富度指数提高228%,均匀度指数提高22.8%;迎风坡中部群落高度增加453.7%,产草量增加64.5%,多度提高一个等级,密度增加128.9%,物种丰富度指数提高616%,均匀度指数提高33.3%;迎风坡上部植被非常稀疏,不形成群落,植株平均高度25.3 cm,产草量增加206.8%,多度提高一个等级,密度增加550%,物种丰富度指数提高800%,均匀度指数提高66.7%。  相似文献   

浅谈牧草转基因育种研究进展     

达娃东周  范月君 《青海草业》2006,15(3):24-26,40

简要概述了牧草遗传转化方向及牧草转基因所取得的主要贡献,介绍了牧草遗传转化三种方法,并就今后的发展前景和转基因育种生物安全问题做了初步探讨。  相似文献   

纤维素酶对粗饲料人工瘤胃pH、氨态氮及产气量的影响     

王新峰  张金成  李海英  徐春生  祁凤华  向春和  高巍 《中国饲料》2006,(20):22-23

本试验分别以棉籽壳、苜蓿、小麦秸秆、玉米青贮、玉米秸秆为底物,采用人工瘤胃技术,研究不同水平纤维素酶对人工瘤胃pH、氨态氮浓度及产气量的影响。对照组未添加纤维素酶,试验1、2和3组分别添加纤维素酶140、280、420IU/mL。结果表明,不同水平纤维素酶的人工瘤胃pH无显著变化(P>0.05),氨态氮浓度变化不显著(P>0.05),但人工瘤胃最大产气量显著提高(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

6种多年生牧草对幼龄果园的影响     

张志刚  崔同华  谷艳蓉 《草原与草坪》2007,(5):57-59

通过在幼龄果园间作6种多年生牧草,结果表明,幼龄果园土壤含水量增加,杂草生长得到抑制,6种多年生牧草品种在果园间作的适宜度大小顺序为:白三叶(Haifa)>紫花苜蓿(Empress 2000)>杂三叶(Aurora)>沙打旺(普通)>鸭茅(Amba)>多年生黑麦草(Toya)。  相似文献