不同播量拉巴豆与青贮玉米混播对草地生产性能及牧草品质的影响     

王斌  董秀  李满有  杨雨琦  兰剑 《草地学报》2021,29(4):828-834

为探究宁夏雨养区不同播量拉巴豆(Dolichos lablab)与青贮玉米(Zea mays)混播对草地生产性能和牧草品质的影响,本试验采用随机区组设计,以不同播量(0 kg·hm^-2,22.5 kg·hm^-2,45.0 kg·hm^-2,67.5 kg·hm^-2,90.0 kg·hm^-2)的拉巴豆与青贮玉米混播,并运用灰色关联度法对各处理进行了综合评价。结果表明,青贮玉米单播的鲜、干草产量分别为82.09 t·hm^-2和25.21 t·hm^-2,显著高于青贮玉米与播量为45.0 kg·hm^-2,90.0 kg·hm^-2拉巴豆混播(P＜0.05);不同播量拉巴豆与青贮玉米混播饲草的粗蛋白、粗灰分、中性和酸性洗涤纤维含量较青贮玉米单播均有不同程度的增加。经灰色关联度分析,拉巴豆播种量为22.5 kg·hm^-2与青贮玉米混播综合性状排名第一,优于其它混播处理和青贮玉米单播,可作为宁夏雨养区适宜播种量推广。  相似文献   

播期对冀西北坝上农牧交错区青贮玉米产量和品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李雯  马琳峰  曹熙敏  俞凤芳  佘智慧  徐占云  刘贵河  吕爱枝 《草地学报》2021,29(5):1080-1086

为确定冀西北坝上地区青贮玉米（Zea maysL.）适宜的播种日期,本研究以青贮玉米‘德美亚1号’、‘院军1号’、‘巡天3号’、‘德美亚2号’4个品种为材料,设置S1（5月2日）、S2（5月7日）、S3（5月12日）3个播期,开展播期试验,探究3个播期下青贮玉米的株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量等农艺性状及产量、品质的差异。结果表明：‘德美亚1号’株型适中、适合密植、生育期短,在5月7日播种,株高、茎粗最高,为208.95 cm,2.67 cm,叶面积指数为3.93,干草产量可达17.53 t·hm^-2,相对饲用价值最高达159.7,草品质达国标二级;‘德美亚2号’秆矮、早熟、抗逆性好,在5月7日种植产量为17.24 t·hm^-2,相对饲用价值达205.9,草品质达国标一级;‘院军1号’、‘巡天3号’含水量过高,不适宜制作青贮玉米。综上,‘德美亚1号’为最适宜在冀西北坝上农牧交错区种植的青贮玉米品种,播种期为5月7日。  相似文献   

Microbial community structure of the bovine rumen as affected by feeding cashew nut shell liquid,a methane-inhibiting and propionate-enhancing agent     

Chisato Su  Takumi Shinkai  Nodoka Miyazawa  Makoto Mitsumori  Osamu Enishi  Kyo Nagashima  Satoshi Koike  Yasuo Kobayashi 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13503

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Cashew nut shell liquid potentially mitigates methane emission from the feces of Thai native ruminant livestock by modifying fecal microbiota     

Chiaki Narabe  Saki Kamiyama  Mizuki Saito  Phoompong Boonsaen  Anchalee Khongpradit  Suriya Sawanon  Yutaka Suzuki  Satoshi Koike  Yasuo Kobayashi 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13614

The methane-mitigating potency of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) was evaluated by investigating gas production from batch cultures using feces from Thai native ruminants that had been incubated for different periods. Feces was obtained from four Thai native cattle and four swamp buffaloes reared under practical feeding conditions at the Kasetsart University farm, Thailand. Fecal slurry from the same farm was also included in the analysis. CNSL addition successfully suppressed the methane production potential of feces from both ruminants by shifting short chain fatty acid profiles towards propionate production. Methane mitigation continued for almost 150 days, although the degree of mitigation was more apparent from Day 0 to Day 30. Bacterial and archaeal community shifts with CNSL addition were observed in feces from both ruminants; specifically, Bacteroides increased, whereas Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae decreased in feces to which CNSL was added. Fecal slurry did not show marked changes in gas production with CNSL addition. The findings showed that the addition of CNSL to the feces of ruminants native to the Southeast Asian region can suppress methane emission. Because CNSL can be easily obtained as a byproduct of the local cashew industry in this region, its on-site application might be ideal.  相似文献   

Growth and morphologic response of rumen methanogenic archaea and bacteria to cashew nut shell liquid and its alkylphenol components     

Makimi Wakai  Shusuke Hayashi  Yuko Chiba  Satoshi Koike  Kyo Nagashima  Yasuo Kobayashi 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13598

The growth and morphology of rumen methanogenic archaea (15 strains of 10 species in 5 genera, including 7 strains newly isolated in the present study) and bacteria (14 species in 12 genera) were investigated using unsupplemented in vitro pure cultures and cultures supplemented with cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and its phenolic compound components, anti-methanogenic agents for ruminant animals. Growth of most of the methanogens tested was inhibited by CNSL and alkylphenols at different concentrations ranging from 1.56 to 12.5 μg/ml. Of the alkylphenols tested, anacardic acid exhibited the most potent growth inhibition. Three gram-negative bacterial species involved in propionate production were resistant to CNSL and alkylphenols (>50 μg/ml). All the methanogens and bacteria that were sensitive to CNSL and alkylphenols exhibited altered morphology; disruption of the cell surface was notable, possibly due to surfactant activity of the tested materials. Cells division was inhibited in some organisms, with cell elongation and unclear septum formation observed. These results indicate that CNSL and alkylphenols, particularly anacardic acid, inhibit both rumen bacteria and methanogens in a selective manner, which could help mitigate rumen methane generation.  相似文献   

Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria Causing Dairy Cow Mastitis in Liaoning and Drug Sensibility Test of Pathogenic E.coli     

YAO Wei  YU Xue-wu  CAO Dong  ZHAO Xiao-tong  GU Gui-bo  CHEN Yao  ZHANG Lei  LIU Yao-chuan  FENG Jun-ke 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(11):3080-3084

In order to understand the main bacterial pathogen species causing dairy cow mastitis in Liaoning, as well as the characteristics of drug sensitivity of the pathogenic E.coli,the milk samples from 75 dairy cows with clinical manifestations for mastitis in certain large-scale dairy farm in Liaoning were collected.The bacteria in milk were cultured and isolated with biochemical methods and in vitro drug sensitivity tests were processed with the isolated E.coli strains.The results showed that the main bacterial pathogen for dairy cow mastitis were E.coli（separation rate 58.7%),S.aureus（64.0%）and S.agalactiae（54.7%),and multiple infection including double and triple infection were identified.The drug sensitivity tests on the isolated E.coli indicated that the E.coli isolates were highly resistant to sulfonamides（resistance rate>85%）and chloramphenicol（resistance rate>30%),and they were relatively low resistant to ampicillin（9.5%),ciprofloxacin（9.5%),ceftiofur（7.1%）and ofloxacin（4.8%).The results was able to provide reliable theoretical basis for prevention and control of dairy cow mastitis in Liaoning area.  相似文献   

不同方法处理甘蔗叶梢饲喂山羊的试验研究     

唐林  龚铭  刘镜 《贵州畜牧兽医》2016,(3):14-17

为了探讨不同处理方法对甘蔗叶稍营养价值的影响及饲喂山羊的效果,为科学利用甘蔗叶梢养羊技术提供科学依据。分别采用青贮、氨化、微贮的方法处理甘蔗叶梢,并进行山羊的饲养试验。结果表明,青贮、氨化、微贮甘蔗叶梢均达到优级标准;与新鲜甘蔗叶梢相比,氨化和微贮均提高了甘蔗叶梢的粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、灰分(Ash)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)的含量;在精料相同的条件下,氨化、微贮均可极显著(P0.01)提高山羊对甘蔗叶梢的采食量、平均日增重和养羊的经济效益。  相似文献   

The effect of lactic acid bacterial starter culture and chemical additives on wilted rice straw silage          下载免费PDF全文

Yan‐Su Wang  Wei Shi  Lin‐Ting Huang  Cheng‐Long Ding  Chuan‐Chao Dai 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(4):525-535

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are suitable for rice straw silage fermentation, but have been studied rarely, and rice straw as raw material for ensiling is difficult because of its disadvantages, such as low nutrition for microbial activities and low abundances of natural populations of LAB. So we investigated the effect of application of LAB and chemical additives on the fermentation quality and microbial community of wilted rice straw silage. Treatment with chemical additives increased the concentrations of crude protein (CP), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), acetic acid and lactic acid, reduced the concentrations of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), but did not effectively inhibit the growth of spoilage organisms. Inoculation with LABs did not improve the nutritional value of the silage because of poor growth of LABs in wilted rice straw. Inoculation with LAB and addition of chemical materials improved the quality of silage similar to the effects of addition of chemical materials alone. Growth of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria was inhibited by this mixed treatment and the LAB gradually dominated the microbial community. In summary, the fermentation quality of wilted rice straw silage had improved by addition of LAB and chemical materials.  相似文献   

Characterization and application of lactic acid bacteria for tropical silage preparation          下载免费PDF全文

Huili Pang  David Higgs  Yimin Cai 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(10):1202-1211

Strains TH 14, TH 21 and TH 64 were isolated from tropical silages, namely corn stover, sugar cane top and rice straw, respectively, prepared in Thailand. These strains were selected by low pH growth range and high lactic acid‐producing ability, similar to some commercial inoculants. Based on the analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence and DNA‐DNA relatedness, strain TH 14 was identified as Lactobacillus casei, and strains TH 21 and TH 64 were identified as L. plantarum. Strains TH 14, TH 21, TH 64 and two commercial inoculants, CH (L. plantarum) and SN (L. rhamnosus), were used as additives to fresh and wilted purple Guinea and sorghum silages prepared using a small‐scale fermentation method. The number of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the forages before ensilage was relatively low but the numbers of coliform and aerobic bacteria were higher. Sorghum silages at 30 days of fermentation were all well preserved with low pH (3.56) and high lactic acid production (72.86 g/kg dry matter). Purple Guinea silage inoculated with LAB exhibited reduced count levels of aerobic and coliform bacteria, lower pH, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen and increased lactic acid concentration, compared with the control. Strain TH 14 more effectively improved lactic acid production compared with inoculants and other strains. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science  相似文献   

Rearing conditions affected responses of weaned pigs to organic acids showing a positive effect on digestibility,microflora and immunity          下载免费PDF全文

Yalin Zhang  Yumo Song  Xiaoling Zhang  Yan Lin  Lianqiang Che  Shengyu Xu  De. Wu  Bai Xue  Zhengfeng Fang 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(10):1267-1280

Three experiments were conducted to assess the response of weaned pigs to organic acid SF3, which contains 34% calcium formate, 16% calcium lactate, 7% citric acid and 13% medium chain fatty acids. Dietary treatments had no effect on growth performance of piglets (21‐day weaning) fed the commercial prestart diet for 1 week before receiving the experimental diets supplemented with SF3 at 0, 3 or 5 g/kg diet (Exp. 1), whereas diarrhea frequency averaged across a week was decreased by SF3 supplementation (5 g/kg diet) in piglets fed the experimental diets immediately after weaning (Exp. 2). In Exp. 3, piglets (28‐day weaning) were fed the control (containing pure colistin sulfate and enramycin, respectively, at 20 mg/kg diet) for 1 week and then were fed the control or SF3‐supplemented (5 g/kg diet) diet for 2 weeks. The SF3‐fed piglets had greater apparent ileal digestibility of calcium and dry matter, while also demonstrating greater overall gross energy, up‐regulated jejunal expression of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐1 and transforming growth factor‐β, down‐regulated jejunal expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, higher ileal Lactobacillus, with lower total bacteria content, lower plasma TNF‐α but higher IgG levels than the control‐fed piglets. Collectively, SF3 consumption improved diarrhea resistance of weaned pigs by improving nutrient digestibility, piglet immunity and intestinal bacteria profile. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science  相似文献