不同类糖接枝改性对花生蛋白膜物理性质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林伟静  刘红芝  刘丽  石爱民  胡晖  王强 《农业工程学报》2014,30(11):261-267

为了改善花生蛋白膜的性能,利用不同小分子糖对花生蛋白进行接枝改性并将改性蛋白制备成膜,分析了糖接枝对花生蛋白膜的强度、延伸性、透光性、溶解性等物理性质的影响。结果表明:糖类物质能提高花生蛋白膜的拉伸强度,其中木糖改性后蛋白膜强度最高,达未经改性花生蛋白对照膜的1.77倍;葡萄糖对蛋白膜的延伸性影响最大,断裂延伸率最高,达对照膜的1.92倍;木糖能改善花生蛋白膜的耐水性,使膜的溶解性显著下降。综合来看,木糖接枝改善花生蛋白膜性能的效果较好,当蛋白/木糖质量比为10时,蛋白膜拉伸强度为1.48 MPa,断裂延伸率为218.92%,溶解性60.80%,蛋白膜浸泡24 h后仍保持完整膜状态。该研究为花生蛋白膜的性能改善以及进一步开发利用提供理论依据。  相似文献   

西瓜根系分泌酸性磷酸酶对有机肥营养的响应     

王兵爽  李淑君  张舒桓  徐昊  徐国华  任丽轩 《土壤学报》2019,56(2):454-465

有机肥营养对西瓜品质具有提升效果,但根系对有机肥中养分的吸收机制尚不完全清楚,尤其对磷素的利用机制。本研究关注西瓜根系分泌酸性磷酸酶活性对有机肥施用的响应。采用模拟西瓜根系分泌物的方法研究有机酸对有机肥中可溶性全磷和有效磷含量的影响;采用砂培的方法,研究有机肥中的磷替代化肥磷时西瓜根系分泌酸性磷酸酶活性的响应;采用田间试验研究有机肥替代化肥以及有机肥不同施用量对西瓜根际酸性磷酸酶活性、西瓜磷营养、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,有机肥中水浸提可溶性全磷含量为6.9 g?kg~(-1),可溶性无机磷含量为525.1 mg?kg~(-1),可溶性全磷中无机磷占7.6%,有机磷占92.4%,可溶性有机磷需经过水解后才能被根系吸收。有机肥中磷替代化肥磷时,西瓜根系和根际土壤酸性磷酸酶活性均显著提高,西瓜茎、叶中磷含量提高。施用三倍有机肥时西瓜根际土壤有效磷含量和西瓜产量提高。因此,有机肥中磷替代化肥磷时,西瓜通过提高根系分泌酸性磷酸酶的活性而提高利用有机磷的能力。  相似文献   

不同施肥情况下甘蔗叶片的光谱特征分析及叶绿素含量检测     

李修华  陈晓  周永华  农梦玲  刘小阳  艾矫燕 《农业工程学报》2015,31(Z2):118-123

In order to investigate the visible-NIR spectral features of the leaves of a sugarcane variety(ROC 22), the spectral reflectance and the chlorophyll content were measured in the laboratory, and their correlations were analyzed.Prediction models were built eventually.Results showed that the negative correlations with r greater than 0.8 was found in 527-578 nm and 701-731 nm between spectral reflectance and chlorophyll content.And the red edge position(REP) was also found having high correlation with chlorophyll content, with the highest r of 0.8442.In order to explore the most sensitive bands for normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI), 48471 NDVI values were computed with different wavebands for each sample and their correlations with chlorophyll were also analyzed.The distribution maps of NDVI and its correlations in a two-spectral-dimension space both indicated that the red bands had significant influence than the NIR bands.The suggested sensitive red range was 710-735 nm, especially 720-725 nm; and the sensitive NIR range was from 780-850 nm, which had the higher robustness.The chlorophyll predication model with NDVI(725 and 840 nm) in tillering stage had determination coefficients of 0.7386, and was recommended for guiding the subsequent ridging fertilization.  相似文献   

圆盘挖掘式甜菜联合收获机设计与试验   总被引：1，自引：5，他引：1  

王方艳  张东兴 《农业工程学报》2013,29(13):7-14

为了缓解中国甜菜收获装备短缺的现状,设计了一种适合国内甜菜种植模式和农艺要求的圆盘挖掘式甜菜联合收获机,并阐述了该机的总体配置及主要部件的结构。该机主要由传动系统、对行装置、挖掘装置、输送分离装置、升运装置等组成。其中,液压控制系统提高了机械的操控性及自动化程度;对行装置减少了甜菜的漏挖,实现了自动对行收获;圆盘式挖掘部件参数的优化设计有效减少了工作阻力,输送分离装置和升运装置中的杆式输送链减少了甜菜的输送损失和含杂。田间试验表明,收获机甜菜收获损失率不大于3.42%,粘土率不大于1.18%,损伤率不大于1.82%,折断率不大于1.6%,含杂率不大于4.86%,符合甜菜收获要求。该研究可为甜菜收获机械设计提供参考。  相似文献   

Nutrients management strategies to improve yield and quality of sugar beet in semi-arid regions     

Irshad Ahmad  Bashir Ahmad  Shahzad Ali  Muhammad Kamran  Bayasgalan Bilegjargal 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(15):2109-2115

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield and quality of sugar beet genotypes (Beta vulgaris L.). Therefore, a field trial was carried out in Peshawar, Pakistan, during the winters in 2012–2013. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with split plots, having three replications. Fertilizer treatments (control, composted manure Higo Organic Plus at 5 t ha^?1, Maxicrop Sea Gold seaweed extract at 5 L ha^?1, farm yard manure at 10 t ha^?1, inorganic nitrogen–phosphorus (NP) at 90:60 kg ha^?1, NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1 and NP at 150:120 kg ha^?1) were allotted to main plots, while genotypes (Sandrina, Serenada and Kawe Terma) were allotted to the sub-plots. Plots treated with the application of NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1 produced the highest beet yield (76.4 t ha^?1) and sugar yield (11.1 t ha^?1), and had the second highest polarizable sugar content (14.52%) and more economic return (Rs. 553,000 per hectare) as compared to control plots. Sugar beet genotype Serenada had significantly higher beet yield (55.5 t ha^?1) and sugar yield (7.9 t ha^?1) and a higher economic return (Rs. 380,000 per hectare) than the other genotypes. Sugar beet genotype Serenada supplied with NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1is recommended for the general cultivation in the agro-climatic conditions of Peshawar valley.  相似文献   

Specific Responses of Soil Microbial Residue Carbon to Long-Term Mineral Fertilizer Applications to Reddish Paddy Soils     

ZHANG Xinyu  XIE Juan  YANG Fengting  DONG Wenyi  DAI Xiaoqin  YANG Yang  SUN Xiaomin 《土壤圈》2018,28(3):488-496

Mineral nutrient inputs to soil may alter microbial activity and consequently influence the accumulation of microbial residues. In this study, we investigated the effects of application rates and ratios of mineral fertilizers on the microbial residue carbon(MRC) of reddish paddy soils after long-term(15-year) fertilizer applications in southern China. Contents of three soil amino sugars as microbial residue contents were determined and MRC were calculated based on amino sugars. Results showed that three individual amino sugar contents increased as fertilizer application rates increased until maximum values were reached at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha~(-1) year~(-1)(N-P-K). The three amino sugar contents then declined significantly under the highest mineral fertilizer application rate of 675-88-280 kg ha~(-1) year~(-1)(N-P-K). In addition, to enhance the microbial residue contents, it was more beneficial to double P(N:P:K= 1:0.26:0.41) in fertilizers applied to the P-deficient reddish paddy soils than to double either N(N:P:K = 2:0.13:0.41) or K(N:P:K= 1:0.13:0.82). The contents of the three individual amino sugars and microbial residues under different fertilizer application rates and ratios were significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon(SOC), total N, total P, and p H. Increases in values of the fungal C to bacterial C ratios showed that soil organic matter(SOM) stability increased because of the fertilizer applications over the past 15 years. The contents and ratios of amino sugars can be used as indicators to evaluate the impact of mineral fertilizer applications on SOM dynamics in subtropical paddy soils. The results indicated that fertilizer applications at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha~(-1) year~(-1)(N-P-K) may improve crop yields, SOC contents, and SOC stability in subtropical paddy soils.  相似文献   

Application of biochar in mitigation of negative effects of salinity stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)     

Sidra Kanwal  Sumera Shabir  Maimona Saeed  Robina Gul  Maryum Zahoor 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(4):526-538

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that affects crop production throughout the world. Biochar is an activated carbon soil conditioner that can alleviate the negative impacts of salinity. The research was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative effect of 1% and 2% of biochar application on wheat seed germination and growth attributes under salinity. Both levels of biochar improved the germination and growth conditions under salinity; however, 2% biochar level was more effective compared to 1% level. Root and shoot length increased up to 23% and11% with 2% biochar, respectively. The maximum increase of 16% and 10% in leaf water potential and osmotic potential was noted with 2% biochar at 150 mM salt. The decrease in proline content and soluble sugar at 2% biochar was 51% and 27%, respectively. Decrease in superoxide dismutase activity was 15.3% at 2% level of biochar under stress biochar mitigates the negative effects of salinity and improved wheat productivity.  相似文献   

滨海盐碱地不同造林树种林地土壤盐碱化特征   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

王合云  李红丽  董智  陈新闯  邵水仙 《土壤学报》2015,52(3):706-712

采用野外取样与室内分析测试相结合的方法,对不同林地土壤的全盐量、阴阳离子组成、总碱度、p H、电导率、碱化度等指标进行了系统研究。结果表明:对照空地与各林地土壤中均无CO32-存在,造林可明显改变土壤中Na+、Cl-、SO42-、HCO3-等可溶性盐离子的含量,降低土壤全盐含量,造林地土壤阴离子由SO42-+Cl-为主演变为SO42-+HCO3-为主。土壤p H、碱化度和总碱度的变化趋势一致,不同造林地土壤碱化程度以紫穗槐林地最大,柽柳林地次之。土壤全盐含量(y)和电导率(x)间呈极显著线性正相关,故可用电导率计算含盐量进行研究区域的盐渍化程度分级。研究结果可为阐明滨海盐碱地的盐碱化过程、指导土壤改良提供参考。  相似文献   

基于声学特性的西瓜糖度检测系统     

危艳君  饶秀勤  漆兵 《农业工程学报》2012,28(3):283-287

该研究优化了由包裹橡皮的金属小球、压电式加速度传感器、电荷放大器、光电式触发电路、数据采集卡和计算机等组成的西瓜声学特性测试系统。由所获取的声波信号幅值谱计算出声透过率,采用TQ软件中SMLR(逐步多元线性回归)函数选取6个特征频率:752、869、1001、4556、322、3950Hz,由其对应的声透过率值建立了西瓜品质检测的多元线性回归模型。对47个西瓜样本的试验数据分析表明:将敲击点和接收点分别放置在西瓜自然生长状态的中部对侧可获得最佳的测定模型,模型的校正相关系数R、校正均方根误差RMSEC和预测均方根误差RMSEP分别是0.80753、0.646和0.655。实现了西瓜糖度检测目的,为声学无损检测西瓜成熟度提供了参考。  相似文献   

气象条件对酿酒葡萄若干品质因子的影响   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

张晓煜  刘玉兰  张磊  袁海燕  亢艳莉  孙占波 《中国农业气象》2007,28(3):326-330

根据2004-2005年北方6省酿酒葡萄主要产区葡萄取样和宁夏芦花台园艺场田间试验资料，分析了影响酿酒葡萄主要品质因子总糖、总酸、pH值和单宁积累的气象因子和影响时段，并建立了关系模式，提出了影响酿酒葡萄品质的定量气象指标。研究结果表明：酿酒葡萄品质与气象条件密切相关，主要影响因子是降水量、积温和气温日较差等。影响酿酒葡萄品质形成的关键时期是7-8月（幼果膨大-果实着色期），其次是果实着色期-成熟期。7—8月降水量和水热系数对酿酒葡萄总糖含量的影响最大，7-8〉130mm，K7-8〉1．62时，总糖含量不能达到170g／L（酿优质酒所需最低糖度）。酿酒葡萄总酸含量与果实采收前一个月水热系数呈幂指数关系，随水热系数增加，含酸量缓慢增加。因此，要使酿酒葡萄果实中酸含量达到5～6g／L，则果实采收前一个月的水热系数应在0．12～0．63。酿酒葡萄中单宁含量与开花-成熟期积温、8月平均气温、9月l日到果实采收期日较差和采收前一个月平均最低气温呈指数关系，与8月日照时数呈二次曲线关系。酿酒葡萄果实的pH值随开花-成熟期平均最高气温和果实膨大期蒸发量的增加而增加。  相似文献