Characterization of the A4 cytoplasmic male-sterile lines of sorghum using RFLP of mtDNA     

S. Sivaramakrishnan  K. Seetha  Belum V.S. Reddy 《Euphytica》1997,93(3):301-305

Three sorghum cytoplasmic male sterile lines CSV4 A(V), CSV4 A(G₁) and CSV4 A(M), grouped as A₄, were compared with a milo (A₁) and two other non-milo (A₂ and A₃) cytoplasms for their RFLP patterns of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). A 9.7 kb clone from pearl millet mtDNA discriminated each of the three A₄ entries whereas other maize and pearl millet mtDNA clones used could not distinguish this group completely. The molecular differences within the A₄ cytoplasmic group offer some explanation for the inconsistency in the fertility restoration behaviour of these A₄ lines obtained with a definite set of testers in the field. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Characterization of host tolerance to Striga hermonthica     

Jonne Rodenburg  Lammert Bastiaans  Martin J. Kropff 《Euphytica》2006,147(3):353-365

Summary One of the most promising control options against the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica is the use of crop varieties that combine resistance with high levels of tolerance. The aim of this study was to clarify the relation between Striga infestation level, Striga infection level and relative yield loss of sorghum and to use this insight for exploring the options for a proper screening procedure for tolerance. In three pot experiments, conducted in Mali (2003) and The Netherlands (2003, 2004), four sorghum genotypes were exposed to a range of Striga infestation levels, ranging from 0.0625 to 16 seeds cm⁻³. Observations included regular Striga emergence counts and sorghum grain yield at maturity. There were significant genotype, infestation and genotype × infestation effects on sorghum yield. The relation between infestation level and infection level was density dependent. Furthermore, the relation between Striga infection level and relative yield loss was non-linear, though for the most resistant genotype Framida only the linear part of the relation was obtained, as even at high infestation levels only moderate infection levels were achieved. The results suggest that for resistant genotypes, tolerance can best be quantified as a reduced relative yield loss per aboveground Striga plant, whereas for less resistant genotypes the maximum relative yield loss can best be used. Whether both expressions of tolerance are interrelated could not be resolved. Complications of screening for tolerance under field conditions are discussed.  相似文献   

Interactions of Glomus clarum with Acetobacter diazotrophicus in infection of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), and sweet sorghum (Sorghum vulgare)     

M. A. Paula  V. M. Reis  J. Döbereiner 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1991,11(2):111-115

Summary Spores of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus clarum obtained from sweet potatoes grown in soil inoculated with this fungus and with an enrichment culture of Acetobacter diazotrophicus contained A. diazotrophicus and several other bacteria, including a diazotrophic Klebsiella sp. Inoculation of micropropagated sweet potatoes with G. clarum and A. diazotrophicus enhanced spore formation in soil compared to VAM inoculation alone. Plants inoculated with VAM spores containing the bacteria showed additional increases in the number of spores formed within roots. A. diazotrophicus infected aerial plant parts only when inoculated together with VAM or when present within VAM spores. Micropropagated sugarcane seedlings inoculated with the same VAM spores containing the diazotrophs also contained much higher numbers of A. diazotrophicus in aerial parts than seedlings inoculated in vitro with the bacteria alone. When grown in non-sterile soil, the sugarcane seedlings again showed the greatest infection of aerial parts after inoculation with VAM spores containing the diazotrophs. This treatment also increased VAM colonization and the numbers of spores formed within roots. Similar effects were observed in sweet sorghum except that the aerial plant parts were not infected by A. diazotrophicus.  相似文献   

玉米和高粱用于碳同化和光呼吸的电子效率估算   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

康华靖  陶月良  王立新  叶子飘  李红 《作物学报》2011,37(11):2039-2045

为了探讨C₄植物碳同化和光呼吸的电子效率,运用Li-6400光合仪同时测定玉米和高粱在30℃和380 μmol CO₂ mol^-1下叶片的气体交换和叶绿素荧光,结果表明,直角双曲线修正模型可较好地拟合所测的光响应曲线和快速光曲线,其拟合值与实测值较为一致。在此基础上算得玉米和高粱在光呼吸条件下参与碳同化的电子流分别为198.60 μmol m^-2 s^-1和178.00 μmol m^-2 s^-1,所占比率分别为75.34%和74.81%;参与光呼吸的电子流分别为7.04 μmol m^-2 s^-1和7.84 μmol m^-2 s^-1,所占比率分别为2.67%和3.29%。而根据Valentini和Epron的方法算得玉米和高粱碳同化的电子流分别为210.45 μmol m^-2 s^-1和188.54 μmol m^-2 s^-1,所占比例分别为82.68%和79.24%;参与光呼吸的电子流则分别为45.67 μmol m^-2 s^-1和49.40 μmol m^-2 s^-1,所占比率分别为17.32%和20.76%。以前法研究表明,玉米和高粱在光呼吸条件下,来自PSII的电子除流向光呼吸和碳还原外,还存在其他消耗电子的途径,证明其他消耗电子的途径并不能被忽略或其他途径所消耗电子的量并不是常数。后法过高地估算了玉米和高粱叶片中来自PSII的电子用于光呼吸的消耗量。两法的结果相差6倍左右。这对重新评估光呼吸在植物的光保护中所起的作用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

微咸水淋洗对中度盐渍土区高粱和谷子生长发育的影响     

吴乐知  李取生 《安徽农业科学》2008,36(28)

[目的]探讨微咸水淋洗对高粱和谷子生长发育特征及产量的影响。[方法]选择松嫩平原吉林西部中度苏打盐渍土壤种植高粱和谷子,设对照、补充灌溉、低额淋洗(250 mm)和高额淋洗(400 mm)4个处理,利用当地微咸水进行淋洗灌溉试验与研究。[结果]补充灌溉和淋洗处理较对照均更好地促进了2种作物的植株生长和根系发育;2种作物补充灌溉处理的产量较对照达到极显著增长水平。高额、低额淋洗处理的高粱产量分别较补充灌溉增加26.2%和14.1%(P=0.01);高额淋洗处理的高粱产量虽比低额淋洗有显著增加,但未达极显著水平;高额、低额淋洗处理的谷子产量分别较补充灌溉增加78.5%和33.9%(P=0.01)。[结论]400 mm淋洗量已接近高粱试验地的淋洗上限,但不是谷子试验地淋洗量的上限。  相似文献   

高粱体细胞无性系变异的筛选与利用     

王良群  王呈祥  白志良  杨伟  刘勇  武秀兰  侯丽萍 《勤云标准版测试》2006,(6)

选用幼穗、幼胚、茎尖等五种外植体进行组培,结果表明,幼穗和幼胚的分化率最高,最适宜选用进行高粱体细胞克隆变异利用研究。对9个高粱品系的166个R2代株系进行了观察分析,除两个品系外,其余7个均有变异株系出现,其中晋粱5号的变异频率高达26%,9个品系的平均变异频率为11.24%。筛选到多个高粱骨干恢复系的无性系变异材料,并且以优良变异系R111为父本育成了优良杂交种一个,已通过审定,定名为晋杂18号。  相似文献   

常用高粱品种(系)的模糊聚类分析及在育种上的应用     

仪治本  梁小红 《山西农业科学》1993,21(2):17-20

采用模糊聚类方法,选取16个性状作为刻划指标,对25个常用高粱恢复系、保持系材料进行聚类。结果表明,由于品种间的相互杂交和复式杂交,大部分恢复系材料间的贴近度已很大,遗传分歧性变小,聚为一类。多数保持系材料间的贴近度很小,它们多为外引材料及多个材料的杂交后代,遗传异质性较大,独立成类。选育杂交种时,在类间选配亲本易获得强优杂交组合。对一些差异不太大的性状的改良,宜在类内选择亲本,以便于后代的迅速稳定;而对一些差异大的性状的改良,则宜在类问选配亲本,这样后代类型丰富,易于选择。  相似文献   

高粱总DNA不同提取方法的比较     

郑卓  李健  圣忠华  彭智勇  罗宝 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(36):11758-11759

[目的]探索高粱总DNA的快速、高效提取方法,为将其导入水稻提供大量、高质量的DNA。[方法]以高粱幼叶为材料,分别采用SDS法、CTAB法、尿素法和NaOH法提取高粱总DNA,并对不同方法提取DNA的纯度、浓度和产量进行检测。[结果]尿素法提取DNA纯度和质量最好,SDS法和CTAB法次之,NaOH法最差。采用尿素法、SDS法、CTAB法和NaOH法分别可从1g高粱样品中提取到约292.00、21.75、152.25和243.75μg的DNA。4种方法提取的高粱总DNA的琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果表明NaOH法不能有效提取高粱总DNA,其他3种方法在提取高粱总DNA时能较好地保证其完整性。高粱总DNA分子量约为50KB。[结论]尿素法提取DNA的纯度最好、产率最高,是一种理想的高粱总DNA提取方法。  相似文献   

广东省砖红壤旱地土壤养分状况的网室调查   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

卢仁骏  严小龙 《华南农业大学学报》1992,13(2):74-80

应用Hunter介绍的技术,对广东省砖红壤早地11个样本进行了土壤养分状况的网室调查,结果表明,砖红壤旱地土壤中氮、磷缺乏非常严重,减氮、减磷处理减产50％左右,钾则在花岗岩发育的土壤效果很明显,其他母质减钾处理减产30％或更少,石灰是一个重要的限制因素,pH5.0以下的土壤,其影响不亚于氟、磷、镁是一个普遍有效的元素,施镁可增产16％～40％。该类土壤不缺硫,施硫没有显著效果。微量元素要注意施用钢,11个样本中有6个效应显著,这类土壤施用硼、钼,锌效果一般,需要量多的作物可以考虑,至于铁、锰,这类土壤本身不缺乏,施用投有效果。  相似文献   

高粱A2型胞质在中国的研究与利用     

高士杰  刘晓辉  王鼐  李继洪  李玉发 《勤云标准版测试》2006,(2)

高粱A2型质核互作雄性不育系是美国高粱育种家舍尔茨教授于1976年创制,1979年引入中国。它的细胞质来自埃塞俄比亚,细胞核产自印度。A2型不育性是由一对细胞核基因和细胞质基因共同作用。不育系的基因型是S2(ms2ms2),其保持系的基因型是F2(ms2ms2),恢复系的基因型是F2或S2(Ms2Ms2)。对A1型不育系恢复或保持,大多对A2型也恢复或保持,少数恢复系呈保持型,说明A2具有更广泛的保持源。温度是影响育性的主要因子,在自然条件下,A2不育系雌蕊败育轻或不败育,雄蕊遇高温可散出花粉,使不育系产生少量自交结实。A2型胞质主要农艺性状的杂种优势和配合力与A1胞质无明显差异。山西省农科院1987年育成了第一个在生产中可以利用的A2细胞质雄性不育系V4A,并组配出A2型杂交种——晋杂12。该杂交种于1997年获山西省科技进步二等奖。以A2V4为母本组配并经省级审定杂交种5个。因此,该不育系的创制,于1998年获国家发明三等奖。原四平市农科院,用A2TAM428与南133组配成四杂25号,于2002年获吉林省科技进步二等奖。吉林省农科院用A2型不育系培育出吉杂80、吉杂83、吉杂96、吉杂97,辽宁农科院育出辽杂10等在生产中大面积推广。文中讨论了非迈罗胞质的育性反应及利用问题。  相似文献