Transmission of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among pigs during transportation from farm to abattoir     

Els M. Broens  Elisabeth A.M. Graat  Peter J. Van Der Wolf  Arjen W. Van De Giessen  Mart C.M. De Jong 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,189(3):302-305

The prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in pigs at abattoirs is higher than in pigs sampled on farms. This study investigated whether MRSA negative pigs can become MRSA positive during transportation from the farm to the abattoir after exposure to other pigs and environmental sources of MRSA. Nasal swabs were collected from four batches of pigs during loading at the farm, on arrival at the abattoir and after stunning. Environmental wipes were taken from lorries after transporting pigs and from lairages after holding pigs. All pigs (n = 117) tested MRSA negative before transportation. On arrival at the abattoir, 12/117 (10.3%) pigs in two batches tested MRSA positive. In lorries that tested positive after transportation, the prevalence of MRSA positive pigs was 21.1%, whereas no MRSA was detected in pigs that had been transported in lorries that tested negative after transportation. At stunning, all batches and 70/117 (59.8%) pigs tested MRSA positive. Pigs can become MRSA positive in the short period of time during transportation from the farm to stunning at the abattoir.  相似文献   

食品中金黄色葡萄球菌定量检测方法比较研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曹建平  韩丹  王健 《安徽农业科学》2015,(8):242-243,245

[目的]探求一种适应食品微生物实验室检验要求的快速准确的方法.[方法]比较研究Baird-Parker平板法、MPN法、科玛嘉金黄色葡萄球菌显色培养基法和PettifilmTM测试片法这4种定量方法对金黄色葡萄球菌的选择性、灵敏度和在食品中的应用.[结果]试验显示,4种方法检测金黄色葡萄球菌选择性良好;MPN法、显色培养基法和纸片法灵敏度比Baird-Parker平板法稍高;4种方法应用在食品检测中,金黄色葡萄球菌检出率无显著差异.因此可选择显色培养基和PetrifilmTM测试纸片法作为日常检验的辅助手段,以提高检测灵敏度、缩短检验周期.[结论]研究可为食品检测方法的研究及应用积累一定的经验,为今后金黄色葡萄球菌的检测工作提供一定参考.  相似文献   

Colonization of the canine skin with bacteria     

LEENA E. SAIJONMAA-KOULUMIES  DAVID H. LLOYD 《Veterinary dermatology》1996,7(3):153-162

Abstract Aspects of colonization of the canine skin with bacteria are reviewed. Owing to variability in sampling techniques, anatomical sites involved and lack of temporal studies, there is still controversy as to which bacteria are residents or transients on the canine skin. The establishment of the cutaneous flora is determined by the ability of bacteria to adhere to canine corneocytes, to use available nutrients from skin secretions and to resist challenge from competing bacteria. Variations in humidity and temperature due to environment, skin folds or differences in the haircoat are also likely to have an effect. Much research has focused around Staphylococcus intermedius, the main pathogen of the canine skin but its cutaneous residency status remains questionable. Pathological conditions such as atopy and seborrhoea favour the colonization of S. intermedius and predispose to infection. Recent studies indicate that bacterial interference as a method of preventing colonization of pathogenic staphylococci may be feasible. Résumé— Les aspects de la colonisation de la peau canine par des bactéries sont étudiées. A cause de la variabilité des techniques de prélèvements, des sites anatomiques, et du caratère ponctuel des études, le doute subsiste toujours quant à savoir quelle sont les bactéries résidentes ou transitoires sur la peau de chien. L'établissement d'une flore cutanée est déterminée par la capacité de la bactérie à adhérer aux cornéocytes canines, à utiliser les nutriments disponibles à partir des sécrétions cutanées et à résister aux autres bactéries qui concourent à l'occupation des memes sites. Les variations d'humidité et de température, dues à l'environnement, aux plis de peau et aux différences de pelage jouent probablement un role. La plupart des études concernent Staphylococcus intermedius, l'agent pathogène principal de la peau du chien, mais son statut de résident cutané est toujours débattu. Des conditions pathologiques telles que l'atopie et la séborrhée favorisent la colonisation par S. intermedius et prédisposent à l'infection. Des études récentes indiquent que l'interférence bactérienne peut être envisagée comme une méthode de prévention de la colonisation cutanée par un staphylocoque pathogène. [Saijonmaa-Koulumies, L. & Lloyd, D. H. Colonization of the canine skin with bacteria (Colonisation de la peau canine par des bactéries). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 153–162.] Resumen Se revisan algunos aspectos de la colonización bacteriana en la piel canina. Existe aún controversia sobre qué bacterias son résidentes o transitorias en la piel del perro, debido a la variabilidad en las técnicas de recolección, localización y falta de estudios temporales. El establecimiento de la flora cutánea depende de su capacidad de adhesión a los corneocitos, de utilizar los nutrientes de las secreciones cutáneas y de resistir la competencia de otras bacterias. También es probable que tengan un papel los cambios de humedad y temperatura por los pliegues cutáneos o las diferencias en el pelaje. Se ha centrado mucha investigación en Staphylococcus intermedius, el principal patógeno de la piel canina, aunque se sigue cuestionando su existencia como residente cutáneo. Situaciones patológicas como la atopia o la seborrea favorecen la colonización por S. intermedius y predisponen a infección. Algunos estudios recientes indican que es factible la interferencia bacteriana como método de prevenir la colonización por estafilococos patógenos. [Saijonmaa-Koulumies, L. & Lloyd, D. H. Colonization of the canine skin with bacteria (Colonizacion de la piel cannina con bacterias). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 153–162.] Zusammenfassung— Es werden Aspekte der Besiedelung der Hundehaut mit Bakterien dargestellt. Entsprechend der Variabilität in der Probenentnahme, verwendeten anatomischen Regionen und dem Mangel an temporären Studien exisitieren immer noch unterschiedliche Ansichten, ob Bakterien auf der Haut des Hundes als resident oder transient gelten. Die Aufstellung der kutanen Flora wird durch die Fähigkeit der Bakterien bestimmt, sich an die kaninen Korneozyten anzuheften, verfügbare Nährstoffe aus den Hautsekretionen zu verwenden und sich gegenüber konkurrierenden Keimen zu behaupten. Veränderungen in Feuchtigkeit und Temperatur in Abhängigkeit von Umgebung, Hautfalten oder Unterschieden im Haarkleid scheinen ebenfalls einen Effekt zu besitzen. Viele Untersuchungen konzentrierten sich auf Staphylococcus aureus, der hauptpathogene Keim auf der Hundehaut, aber sein Status als residenter Keim bleibt fraglich. Pathologische Zustände wie Atopie und Seborrhoe begünstigen die Besiedelung mit S. intermedius und prädisponieren für eine Infektion. Kürzliche Studien zeigen, daß bakterielle Interferenzen als Methode zur Verhinderung der Ansiedlung von pathogenen Staphylokokken möglich sein könnten. [Saijonmaa-Koulumies, L., Lloyd, D.H. Colonization of the canine skin with bacteria (Besiedelung der Haut des Hundes mit Bakterien). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 153–162.]  相似文献   

恩诺沙星和环丙沙星对金葡菌的抗菌后效应及抗菌后亚抑菌浓度效应   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

刘涤洁  陈杖榴  冯淇辉 《中国兽医学报》2002,22(3):276-278

报告了抗菌后效应 (postantibiotic effect,PAE)、抗菌后亚抑菌浓度效应 (postantibiotic sub- MIC effect,PASME)、亚抑菌浓度效应 (sub- MIC effect,SME)研究的方法学和恩诺沙星、环丙沙星对金葡菌抗菌后效应及抗菌后亚抑菌浓度效应的研究结果。试验表明 :2、4MIC的恩诺沙星对金葡菌的 PAE为 1.0 3、1.5 0 h,1/2、1、2、4MIC的环丙沙星的 PAE为 0 .5 1、0 .88、1.47、1.92 h;1/8、1/4、1/2 MIC的恩诺沙星对经 4MIC药物诱导 1h的金葡菌可产生0 .38、1.15、>12 .31h的 PASME,1/8、1/4、1/2 MIC的环丙沙星的 PASME为 2 .6 9、>10 .17、>13.17h;1/8、1/4、1/2 MIC的恩诺沙星和环丙沙星对金葡菌产生的 SME分别为 0 .40、0 .91、>9.44 h和 0 .42、1.14、>9.0 2 h。上述结果说明 ,PAE、PASME和 SME的大小与药物浓度呈正相关 ,且环丙沙星比恩诺沙星对金葡菌有更长的效应  相似文献   

金黄色葡萄球菌临床分离耐氟喹诺酮类药物株的gyrA和grlA基因突变   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邓旭明  李乾学  欧阳红生  王晓峰  高丰  马红霞  阎继业 《中国兽医学报》2002,22(1):29-31

对 5株临床分离的耐氟喹诺酮类药物的金黄色葡萄球菌 (MIC值范围 :4～≥ 12 8mg/ L) ,提取各细菌染色体DNA,对 gyr A和 grl A基因进行 PCR扩增 ,产物与 p MD18- T载体连接 ,转化至大肠杆菌 JM10 9感受态细胞 ,筛选阳性克隆 ,测序。序列分析结果表明 ,5株菌均发生了基因突变。突变位点 grl A:Ser80 (TCC)→ Phe(TGC) ,Ser80 (TCC)→ Tyr(TAC) ;gyr A:Ser84 (TCA)→ L eu(TTA )、Ser84 (TCA)→ Ala(GCA)、Glu88(GAA)→ L ys(AAA) ,其中 2株对氟喹诺酮类药物的 MIC值低 (4～ 6 4 m g/ L) ,均发生 grl A单一点突变 ,其余 3株在 gyr A和 grl A上产生多突变位点 ,且对氟喹诺酮类药物的 MIC值较高 (8～≥ 12 8mg/ L )。说明单一的点突变只能引起低水平或中等水平的耐药 ,高水平的耐药需要多位点的突变。 5株耐药菌株均发生 grl A Ser80→ Tyr(Phe)点突变 ,提示环丙沙星、诺氟沙星等氟喹诺酮类药物作用于金黄色葡萄球菌的首要靶酶是拓扑异构酶 Iv  相似文献   

SEPTIC COXOFEMORAL ARTHRITIS AND OSTEOMYELITIS IN A DOG     

Lyndell  Levitt  BS  DVM  J. David  Fowler  BS  DVM  MVSc 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1988,29(3):129-132

An 8-year-old male Labrador retriever presented with a rear limb lameness cased by an osteolytic lesion of the left acetabulum and femoral head and neck. Initial bone biopsy study was nondiagnostic. Histopathologic study and culture of the subsequently excised femoral head and neck revealed a Staphyloccocus intermedial arthritis and osteomyelitis. Neoplash was ruled out on the basis of histopathologic analysis.  相似文献   

Investigation of Biofilm Formation,Virulence Genes and agr Typing of Staphylococcus aureus from Bovine Mastitis Cases     

ZHANG Hang  LI Xinpu  WU Xiaohu  DING Xuezhi  YAN Zuoting  WANG Shengyi  LI Hongsheng 《畜牧兽医学报》1956,51(11):2903-2910

The objective of the present study was to investigate the biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and agr genotypes of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from bovine mastitis cases, and to analyze the correlations between agr genotypes and virulence genes. Biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence genes for 336 strains of S. aureus were detected by microtiter plate method, disk diffusion method, and PCR respectively, and the agr typing of tested strains was determined by multiplex PCR. The results showed that all 336 strains of S. aureus from bovine mastitis were biofilm producers, among which 52.1% and 47.9% of isolates tested were moderate (++) and strong (+++) biofilm producers, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated that S. aureus strains were highly resistant to penicillin, with a resistance rate of 91.7%, followed by erythromycin (89.6%), kanamycin (72.9%), clindamycin (66.7%) and gentamicin (60.4%). However, all isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and linezolid. PCR results showed that the prevalence of fnbA gene was the highest (99.7%), followed by icaD (98.2%), icaA (89.6%), clfA (86.0%), cna (56.0%), and bap (14.6%) genes. Moreover, the sea, seb, sec and tst genes were found in 26.5%, 8.3%, 6.8% and 8.3% of the isolates, respectively. The agr typing results showed that S. aureus strains belonging to agr Ⅰ was predominant in our study, accounting for 77.1% of the isolates, and the frequencies of agr Ⅱ, agr Ⅲ and agr Ⅳ genotypes were 14.0%, 4.8% and 2.1%, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that the strains of S. aureus belonging to agr Ⅰ genotype have the potential to carry more virulence genes, while no toxin genes could be found in any of the strains belonging to agr Ⅳ. The results revealed high antimicrobial resistance to common antimicrobial agents in S. aureus isolated from bovine mastitis milk samples. Moreover, agr Ⅰ was the predominant genotype with diverse toxin genes in S. aureus from bovine mastitis, and the potential hazard should be of concern.  相似文献   

Changes in blood and milk lymphocyte sub-populations during acute and chronic phases of Staphylococcus aureus induced bovine mastitis     

Grönlund U  Johannisson A  Persson Waller K 《Research in veterinary science》2006,80(2):147-154

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) often causes long-lasting chronic sub-clinical udder infections in dairy cows. To investigate if this can be due to a negative impact of S. aureus on lymphocytes important for the immune defence, alterations in proportions and expression intensity of CD4+, CD8+, WC1+, B and IL-2R+ lymphocytes was studied in blood and milk, as S. aureus mastitis developed from acute clinical to chronic sub-clinical form. Six healthy dairy cows were inoculated with S. aureus in one udder quarter per cow, and one quarter per cow acted as an uninfected control. Blood samples, and milk samples from infected and non-infected quarters were collected before infection and for five weeks after infection. All infected quarters developed acute clinical mastitis, of which five turned into chronic sub-clinical mastitis. In infected quarters, the proportions of all lymphocyte sub-sets, except WC1+ cells, differed in acute phase compared to pre-infection, while the dominant finding in the chronic phase was increased expression intensities per cell. An impact on blood lymphocytes and milk lymphocytes in non-infected quarters also occurred, mainly during the chronic phase. The most prominent finding was the increased proportion and expression of B-lymphocytes in blood, infected and non-infected quarters during chronic sub-clinical mastitis. As S. aureus can invade and survive intracellularly, a preferential stimulation of B-cells, suggesting development of a humoral response, may not be sufficient to eliminate intracellular bacteria, which could explain the persistence of the infection.  相似文献   

傅立叶变换红外光谱技术对2种葡萄球菌的快速分类鉴定     

李兆杰  王静  隋涛  宋晓华  刘玉敏  崔凤杰  杨丽君 《安徽农业科学》2012,(27):13226-13227

[目的]建立金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌2种菌的傅立叶变换红外光谱数据库及FT-IT分类鉴定方法。[方法]应用FT-IR技术对2种葡萄球菌进行指纹图谱数据采集,应用化学计量学分析方法对光谱进行分析。[结果]建立2种葡萄球菌的标准FT-IR光谱数据库,用于FT-IR技术对2种可疑目标葡萄球菌进行鉴定;建立一种基于主成分分析的聚类分析模型,可成功地区分2种葡萄球菌。[结论]傅立叶变换红外光谱分析方法简便、快速、易操作,结果重现性好,是一种区分金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌的有效方法。  相似文献   

白花丹素体外抗细菌、真菌及其生物被膜活性研究     

李欣燃  唐旭东  陈志宝 《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2012,24(5):41-45

白花丹素是传统天然药用植物白花丹的主要活性成分之一,近年来对其所具有的抗癌活性研究较广,但对其抗菌活性研究较少,尤其是对菌类生物被膜的抗性研究国内外还未见报道。为了进一步了解白花丹素的生物活性,本研究不仅分别考察了白花丹素抗金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌以及白色念珠菌悬浮菌的活性,同时还考察了其对上述三种菌所形成的生物被膜的作用活性。依据临床实验室标准化协会提出的M27-A标准,本研究采用96孔板进行微量稀释法检测白花丹素对三种菌悬浮菌的最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度;然后通过96孔板对上述三种菌分别建立生物被膜模型,最后考察白花丹素对三种菌的生物被膜最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度。结果表明,白花丹素对上述三种菌的悬浮态和生物被膜态均具有一定的抗菌活性,白花丹素具有抑制细菌和真菌生物被膜的潜在开发价值,实验为进一步研究其抗细菌和真菌生物被膜活性提供了实验基础和依据。  相似文献