基于MaxEnt模型的可可潜在适宜分布研究     

秦晓威  郝朝运  李付鹏  谭乐和  宋应辉  赖剑雄 《热带作物学报》2016,37(5):1022-1029

根据野外采样和文献查阅,系统整理了可可的地理分布记录,并利用MaxEnt生态位模型和ArcGIS软件对可可的潜在适宜分布范围进行预测。结果表明:北美洲南部、中南美洲北部、非洲西部、亚洲东南部以及太平洋美拉尼西亚群岛地区均是可可的潜在适宜分布区域。其中,中国海南、台湾南部、云南西双版纳、广东雷州半岛也属于可可的适生范围。经ROC(Receiver operating characteristic)曲线分析法验证,MaxEnt模型的AUC(Area under curve)值为0.977,表明预测结果具有较高的可信度。各环境变量重要性的Jacknife检验表明,极端最低温度、年降雨量、年温度变化范围、最暖季降雨量对可可的潜在分布影响最大。  相似文献   

黄土丘陵区不同管理方式下草地优势种群的生态位     

张伟  何俊皓  郝文芳 《草业科学》2016,33(7):1391-1402

以吴起县杨青川流域草地为研究对象,对封育(Enclosure)、放牧(Grazing)、施肥(Fertilization)、刈割(Clipping)、灭鼠(Deratization)5种管理方式的草地群落进行调查,并运用Levins生态位宽度和Pianka生态位重叠指数对5种管理方式下主要植物种群生态位特征进行分析。结果表明,达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica)、铁杆蒿(Artemisia sacrorum)、赖草(Leymus secalinus)、猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia)和硬质早熟禾(Poa sphondylodes)的种群总生态位宽度较大,封育放牧施肥刈割灭鼠管理模式下,生态位宽度最大的分别是达乌里胡枝子、赖草、紫花地丁(Viola philippica)、达乌里胡枝子和猪毛蒿,生态位宽度值大于4的物种数分别为6、6、3、4和3种。不同管理方式下各种对间的重叠指数平均值由大到小依次封育放牧施肥刈割灭鼠。施肥管理中,种群间生态位宽度与生态位重叠之间存在线性关系,其它管理方式中种群生态位宽度与生态位重叠之间不存在线性关系。生态位分析表明,封育和放牧管理下种群间对资源的需求趋于相同,彼此间通过竞争共存,有利于群落演替,草地生态系统逐渐得到恢复,施肥、刈割、灭鼠管理使群落物种竞争排序发生变化,破坏了草地生态系统原有的竞争机制,导致群落向简单群落演替。从牧草发展角度出发,封育、施肥和刈割有利于优质牧草生长。  相似文献   

甘南草原3种啮齿动物的食性及其营养生态位特征     

张彩军  王小燕  姚宝辉  王缠  康宇坤  张倩  苏军虎 《草地学报》2021,29(7):1484-1490

研究啮齿动物的食性及其营养生态位特征不仅可以了解高寒草甸环境变化下物种的食性适应特征,还可探讨多种啮齿动物的种间关系。本研究采用粪便显微组织观察法,分析了甘南草原高原鼠兔（Ochotona curzoniae）、高原鼢鼠（Eospalax baileyi）和喜马拉雅旱獭（Marmota himalayana）3种啮齿动物的食性及营养生态位特征。结果发现：3种啮齿动物所采食的植物种类基本相同,但其比例各异;高原鼢鼠所采食的植物主要是珠芽蓼（Polygonum viviparum）和鹅绒委陵菜（Potentilla anserina）等杂类草,且对莎草科（Cyperaceae）植物的采食量显著高于其它两种动物,高原鼠兔主要采食禾本科（Poaceae）植物,喜马拉雅旱獭则主要采食禾本科和菊科（Asteraceae）植物;营养生态位宽度依次为喜马拉雅旱獭>高原鼢鼠>高原鼠兔,其中高原鼠兔与喜马拉雅旱獭的营养生态位重叠最大（0.52）。3种啮齿动物在食物上存在分化,营养生态位分离,是其共存的重要原因。  相似文献   

兰州引黄灌区玉米田杂草群落及生态位研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

马丽荣  蔺海明  陈玉梁  李荣 《草业学报》2007,16(2):111-117

对兰州引黄灌区玉米田杂草进行了研究,初步了解了其杂草种类和杂草种群的消长动态。主要杂草有打碗花、田旋花、藜、刺儿菜、荠菜、稗草、马齿苋、反枝苋、狗尾草。主要杂草的干重为藜、反枝苋、稗草分别列第1、第2和第3位。生态位的研究结果表明,藜的时间、水平、垂直生态位宽度值最高,分别为0.952 6,0.971 8,0.937 9,其危害最大;其次为反枝苋和稗草。藜、反枝苋和稗草为优势种群,与玉米存在时间、水平、垂直空间的竞争激烈,并且这3种杂草的生态位重叠值也最大,因此在使用一种除草剂时,可能会导致另两种杂草的发生与蔓延。马齿苋尽管数量最多,但其在垂直方位的生态位宽度值最小,对玉米影响小,处于劣势。除草处理各经济性状指标值均较不除草对照高,其折合产量为10 111.11 kg/hm2,较不除草处理增产36.19%。  相似文献   

Recent Advances in the Enhancement of Agroecosystem Services and Functioning by Cotton-based Intercropping Systems     

Li Xiaofei  Han Yingchun  Wang Guoping  Wang Zhanbiao  Feng Lu  Yang Beifang  Fan Zhengyi  Lei Yaping  Xiong Shiwu  Xing Fangfang  Li Yabing 《棉花学报》2013,32(5):472-482

Cotton-based intercropping systems are one of modern agriculture farming systems aiming at improving overall economic profitability of cotton field, which not only release the competition for land between other crops and cotton and increase growing area and yield of both crops, but also represent a mechanistic approach to reconciling crop production and biodiversity conservation. Recently, cotton-based intercropping systems have been widely focused and applied. Here, we reviewed the potential of cotton-based intercropping systems to reinforce agroecosystem services and functioning, including promoted plant biodiversity, improved overall productivity and economic profits, increased light use efficiency, improved cotton quality, reduced pest and disease occurrence, and suppressed weed growth. Further, the underlying mechanisms behind the enhancement of agroecosystem services and functioning by cotton-based intercropping systems through niche complementarity, interspecific facilitation, and allelopathy between intercropped species were summarized in the paper. Finally, the research prospects were also pointed out.  相似文献   

Yin-yang Balance Therapy on Regulating Cancer Stem Cells     

XU Wei-ru  LIN Hong-sheng  CHEN Xin-yi  ZHANG Ying 《新农业》2012,31(4)

Researches have shown that cancer stem cells,regulated by the niche where they reside,are the roots of oncogenesis,relapse and metastasis.To date,very few treatments have targeted on cancer stem cells....  相似文献   

衡阳盆地紫色土丘陵坡地自然恢复灌丛阶段植物群落主要种群生态位特征     

陈璟 《勤云标准版测试》2009,29(23)

通过对衡阳盆地紫色土丘陵坡地自然恢复灌丛阶段植物群落生态位特征进行研究，结果表明：（1）大部分种群水平生态位宽度不宽，只有3个种群宽度大于0.5以上；（2）垂直生态位也较窄，各种群垂直生态位多集中于0.1-0.3之间，占84.5%，表明对垂直空间利用不充分；（3）虽然各种群之间的生态位重叠值均非常小，但有78.00%的种对间存在水平生态位重叠，表明各种对间对资源的共享趋势较为明显，各种群对资源分享的程度很高；（4）所有的种对均存在垂直生态位重叠，表明各种对资源的分享程度极为剧烈；（5）各种对水平生态位相似性比例较低，而高度生态位相似性比例则较高，说明各种群对以光为主导因子的高度资源要求相似。  相似文献   

Spatial niche variability for young Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (S. trutta) in heterogeneous streams     

J. Heggenes  J. L. Baglinière  R. A. Cunjak 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》1999,8(1):1-21

Abstract– Habitat is important in determining stream carrying capacity and population density in young Atlantic salmon and brown trout. We review stream habitat selection studies and relate results to variable and interacting abiotic and biotic factors. The importance of spatial and temporal scales are often overlooked. Different physical variables may influence fish position choice at different spatial scales. Temporally variable water flows and temperatures are pervasive environmental factors in streams that affect behavior and habitat selection. The more frequently measured abiotic variables are water depth, water velocity (or stream gradient), substrate particle size, and cover. Summer daytime, feeding habitats of Atlantic salmon are size structured. Larger parr (>7 cm) have a wider spatial niche than small parr. Selected snout water velocities are consistently low (3–25 cm. s^?1). Mean (or surface) water velocities are in the preferred range of 30–50 cm. s^?1, and usually in combination with coarse substratum (16–256 mm). However, salmon parr demonstrate flexibility with respect to preferred water velocity, depending on fish size, intra- and interspecific competition, and predation risk. Water depth is less important, except in small streams. In large rivers and lakes a variety of water depths are used by salmon parr. Summer daytime, feeding habitat of brown trout is also characterized by a narrow selection of low snout water velocities. Habitat use is size-structured, which appears to be mainly a result of intraspecific competition. The small trout parr (<7 cm) are abundant in the shallow swift stream areas (<20–30 cm depths, 10–50 cm. s^?1 water velocities) with cobble substrates. The larger trout have increasingly strong preferences for deep-slow stream areas, in particular pools. Water depth is considered the most important habitat variable for brown trout. Spatial niche overlap is considerable where the two species are sympatric, although young Atlantic salmon tend to be distributed more in the faster flowing and shallow habitats compared with trout. Habitat use by salmon is restricted through interspecific competition with the more aggressive brown trout (interactive segregation). However, subtle innate differences in behavior at an early stage also indicate selective segregation. Seasonal changes in habitat use related to water temperatures occur in both species. In winter, they have a stronger preference for cover and shelter, and may seek shelter in the streambed and/or deeper water. At low temperatures (higher latitudes), there are also marked shifts in habitat use during day and night as the fish become nocturnal. Passive sheltering in the substrate or aggregating in deep-slow stream areas is the typical daytime behavior. While active at night, the fish move to more exposed holding positions primarily on but also above the substrate. Diurnal changes in habitat use take place also in summer; brown trout may utilize a wider spatial niche at night with more fish occupying the shallow-slow stream areas. Brown trout and young Atlantic salmon also exhibit a flexible response to variability in streamflows, wherein habitat selection may change considerably. Important topics in need of further research include: influence of spatial measurement scale, effects of temporal and spatial variability in habitat conditions on habitat selection, effects of interactive competition and trophic interactions (predation risk) on habitat selection, influence of extreme natural events on habitat selection use or suitability (floods, ice formation and jams, droughts), and individual variation in habitat use or behavior.  相似文献   

基于稳定同位素的江苏近海金乌贼摄食生态研究          下载免费PDF全文

周敏华  张虎  刘必林 《上海海洋大学学报》2024,33(1)

为进一步掌握江苏近海金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)种群生活史特征，根据在江苏沿海港口所采集的样本，利用碳氮稳定同位素分析法对金乌贼的摄食生态及营养生态位进行了研究。结果表明，金乌贼雌、雄群体间 13C和 15N值均不存在显著性差异；金乌贼的 值与胴长之间相关性不显著， 值与胴长之间存在显著相关性；雄性金乌贼营养生态位宽度（SEAc=0.57‰2）与雌性（SEAc=0.63‰2）无明显差异，雌性略大于雄性，且两者高度重叠（0.62）。同位素聚类分析显示，可将金乌贼个体分为75~114mm、115~184mm和185~204mm三个胴长组；185~204mm胴长组营养生态位宽度最大（SEAc=1.77‰2），75~114mm胴长组营养生态位宽度最小（SEAc=0.39‰2）；仅75~114mm和115~184mm胴长组间生态位重叠率为中度重叠（0.34），其余胴长组间生态位重叠率低。分析认为，金乌贼δ13C值的变化主要受同位素基线值和金乌贼洄游模式影响，而δ15N值的变化主要受金乌贼摄食作用影响；雌性和雄性金乌贼群体之间食物资源和栖息地利用高度相似；不同发育阶段的金乌贼在营养生态位上具有明显差异。  相似文献   

草地补播对甘南草原高寒草甸高原鼢鼠食性的影响     

张彩军  姚宝辉  王小燕  孙小妹  苏军虎 《草业科学》2022,38(5):967-975

本研究阐明草地补播对高原鼢鼠(Eospalax baileyi)食性的影响,能为其防控和草地管理提供重要参考.利用胃容物显微分析法,研究高原鼢鼠在甘南高寒草甸补播草地和退化草地的食性与生态位差异.结果发现,草地补播显著改变了高原鼢鼠的食物资源,退化草地下优势植物主要是菊科(Asteraceae,45.30％)、唇形科(Lamiaceae,26.40％)和蔷薇科(Rosaceae,18.72％),而补播后则变为禾本科(Poaceae,37.00％)、蔷薇科(25.68％)和莎草科(Cyperaceae,16.54％).退化草地中高原鼢鼠采食15科27属27种植物,食物比例中蔷薇科(45.72％)、禾本科(19.68％)和廖科(Polygonaceae,17.11％)最高.而在补播草地高原鼢鼠采食15科25属28种植物,主要采食蔷薇科(40.71％)、禾本科(25.32％)、廖科(11.70％)和莎草科(11.45％).草地补播影响了高原鼢鼠采食植物的比例,且食性的生态位宽度、食物的多样性指数和均匀度有所提高.综上所述,补播可以通过减少杂类草的比例来减少高原鼢鼠的食物来源,喜食植物的减少可能会增加高原鼢鼠的觅食时间从而增加高原鼢鼠的觅食代价.通过补播影响高原鼢鼠食性是其生态防控的一个有效途径.  相似文献