基于MaxEnt的南丹参在中国的潜在分布区预测及适生性分析     

何淑婷白碧玉  但佳惠等 《安徽农业科学》2014,(8):2311-2314

[目的]对南丹参在中国的潜在分布区进行预测,并对适生性进行分析。[方法]通过收集中草药南丹参的分布信息,利用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)与地理信息系统(ArcGIS),综合相关68项环境因子,分析南丹参在中国的分布信息。[结果]全国适合于南丹参分布的地区主要集中在湖南、江西、浙江和福建等地,其高适生区面积依次为湖南省(319.44 km2)、江西省(251.39 km2)、浙江省(122.92 km2)、福建省(62.5 km2);刀切法(Jackknife)分析显示,南丹参分布主要受到降水的影响。[结论]该研究结果为南丹参的野生资源利用及其他南丹参相关研究提供了一定技术手段和理论依据。  相似文献   

渤海主要生物种间关系及食物网的研究↑（*）   总被引：24，自引：8，他引：24  

邓景耀  姜卫民  杨纪明  李军 《中国水产科学》1997,4(4):1-7

根据１９９２年－１９９３年渤海增殖生态基础调查大面定点底拖网试捕的渔获物，对渤海２７种鱼类和１０种虾蟹类的３８０１个胃含物样品进行了分析，并与１０年前渤海鱼类的食性进行了比较。结果表明：蓝点马鲛、小黄鱼和白姑鱼等主要捕食鱼类胃含物中鱼的比例较１０年前明显增加，鱼类的食性类型无明显变化。渤海低级肉食性鱼类的营养级由１９８２－１９８３年的平均２．４上升为２．５，中、高级肉食性鱼类的营养级分别由原来的平均３．２和３．８降为２．８和３．３。渤海主要鱼类之间饵料重叠系数大于０．６的占１５％。鱼为渤海多数中、高级肉食性鱼类的主要摄食对象。  相似文献   

集水灌溉和施肥对半干旱区春小麦生态位适宜度和产量的影响     

李文龙  苏敏  李自珍 《农业工程学报》2010,26(4):42-48

为了探讨利用农业集水进行的控制灌溉和施肥对提高春小麦生态位适宜度和增加产量的重要作用,该文采用田间小区试验和建模分析方法,研究了不同供水和不同施肥对春小麦叶面积指数（LAI）、根生物量、生态位适宜度与产量的影响。结果表明：不同灌溉供水量与不同施肥量对春小麦LAI和根生物量都呈现出显著的影响,其中丰水、平水和自然降水比低水处理的LAI最大值（开花期）分别增加56.9%、30.9%和19.1%;根生物量平均值分别增加84.2%、50.4%和26.6%;同时施肥与相应不施肥相比亦有显著增加。春小麦生态位适宜度与产量的结果显示：在丰水、平水、自然降水和低水处理下的适宜度（F(t)）平均值分别为0.6631、0.5670、0.5174和0.4763,籽粒产量平均值分别为3 159.2、2 345.2、1 735.7和1 380.6 kg/hm2;其中丰水、平水和自然降水比低水处理的适宜度值分别提高了39.2%、19.0%和8.6%;平均籽粒产量分别提高了128.8%、69.9%和25.7%,这表明增加供水量具有提高适宜度和增产的显著正面影响。同时,施肥比相应不施肥也有提高适宜度和增产的积极作用。统计分析表明：适宜度与籽粒产量之间呈正线性相关关系。对试验中16种不同水肥组合处理的评价结论为：丰水下施低、中、高肥,平水高肥和自然降水高肥等5种处理下属适宜;其余11种处理下属中等或不适宜。各处理下的最大适宜度值（0.8351）和最高产量（4 275.8 kg/hm2）是在丰水高肥下一致达到,这表明丰水高肥是半干旱区的一种生态适应性和产量最佳的组合处理。  相似文献   

Hypotheses to explain patterns of population change among breeding bird species in England     

Chris B. Thaxter  Andrew C. Joys  Stephen R. Baillie 《Biological conservation》2010,143(9):2006-2019

Population declines are now evident across many taxa, but within each assemblage there is often considerable variation in constituent population trends. We used bird population trends produced from the BTO/JNCC Common Birds Census (CBC) and the RSPB/BTO/JNCC Breeding Bird Survey (BBS), to test five main hypotheses to explain population changes of 59 breeding species in England (1967-2006): (1) breeding habitat, (2) predation risk to nest sites, (3) species climatic niche, (4) migration strategy, and (5) over-wintering bioclimatic zones of migrants, accounting for additional demographic and ecological traits. In absence of phylogenetic inter-relatedness, farmland species declined more than woodland species, most pronounced prior to 1986, probably reflecting agricultural intensification (1). We found limited support that ground nesters have declined more than above-ground or cavity nesters (2), and there was some indication that species with more northerly European distributions showed larger declines than more southerly-distributed species (3). Larger population declines were recorded for Afro-tropical migrants than species wintering in Europe or in the UK, most notable prior to 1986 (4). However, declines were not uniform across all migrants (5) - species over-wintering in the arid savannah bioclimatic zone of Africa decreased in population between 1967 and 1976, whereas species wintering in humid West African forest and savannah declined more after 1987. These results suggest both breeding and over-wintering factors influenced population trends. European countries signed to the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals are required to protect and conserve populations of migrants. Understanding connectivity between breeding and over-wintering populations, and similar environmental pressures experienced within over-wintering areas may be a useful step towards mitigating against further declines in migrants.  相似文献   

Contrasting intraspecific dietary shifts in two terapontid assemblages from Australia’s wet‐dry tropics     

Aaron M. Davis  Bradley J. Pusey  Richard G. Pearson 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2012,21(1):42-56

Abstract – This study assessed the size‐related patterns of dietary resource use in terapontid assemblages from two north Australian wet‐dry tropical river systems exhibiting contrasting long‐term flow regimes. Substantially higher size‐related dietary divergence in the form of additional trophic guilds and lower levels of dietary overlap were evident among terapontids from the comparatively stable Daly River system, particularly during the dry season. Relatively restricted expression of size‐related dietary shifts in conjunction with higher levels of dietary overlap and no significant seasonal effects on dietary overlap were features of assemblage interaction in the highly variable Burdekin River. Results highlight size‐related dietary shifts as a complex aspect of terapontid trophic habits, and one that can exhibit considerable spatial dynamism.  相似文献   

河北廊坊小麦穗期蚜虫优势度和生态位分析          下载免费PDF全文

黄宗北  张智  李祥瑞  朱勋  张爱环  张云慧 《植物保护》2024,50(1):116-121

为明确华北小麦穗期主要蚜虫种类及其生态位, 为京津冀地区小麦蚜虫预测预报和科学防控提供技术支持，采用五点式和棋盘式取样法系统调查了河北廊坊小麦穗期不同蚜虫种类的种群动态及其在植株上的分布, 利用生态位理论, 计算荻草谷网蚜Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi)、禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus)和麦无网长管蚜Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) 3种优势蚜虫的生态位宽度和重叠度。禾谷缢管蚜的时空生态位最宽, 其次为荻草谷网蚜和麦无网长管蚜, 其中禾谷缢管蚜的生态位宽度随时间推移呈上升趋势, 其他两种蚜虫呈下降趋势。不同蚜虫种类之间存在生态位重叠, 其中荻草谷网蚜与禾谷缢管蚜的重叠度最大, 为2.073 0, 荻草谷网蚜与麦无网长管蚜的重叠度最低, 为1.656 4; 随时间推移, 荻草谷网蚜与禾谷缢管蚜之间的竞争趋于增强, 禾谷缢管蚜与麦无网长管蚜之间的竞争趋于减弱, 而荻草谷网蚜与麦无网长管蚜的竞争关系相对稳定。荻草谷网蚜是当地小麦蚜虫主要优势种群, 禾谷缢管蚜时空生态位宽度最大, 与荻草谷网蚜竞争激烈, 麦无网长管蚜时空生态位相对稳定。  相似文献   

Potential geographical distribution of Ambrosia trifida in Xinjiang under climate change     

Qian-qian MA  Tong LIU  He-gan DONG  Han-yue WANG  Wen-xuan ZHAO  Rui-li WANG  Yan LIU  Le CHEN 《草业学报》2008,29(12):73

  相似文献   

‘The Taste of Paradise’: Selling Fiji and FIJI Water     

John Connell 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2006,47(3):342-350

Abstract: Effective global competitiveness is rare in the Pacific islands, yet FIJI Water has been a major success story since 1997, exporting bottled water to the USA and elsewhere. A bland commodity has been linked to an ‘exotic’ place, and sold to elite consumers, as a form of cultural capital. The company website and newspaper extol the virtues of a ‘pristine’ product, produced in a natural context, in an environmentally sensitive manner. Marketing these themes and product placement have enabled success in a highly competitive market. Place has been used as a means of marketing perceived taste, distinctiveness and quality.  相似文献   

小麦/蚕豆间作体系中的氮节约效应及产量优势   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11  

肖焱波  DUAN Zong-yan  段宗颜  金航  胡万里  陈拾华  魏朝富 《植物营养与肥料学报》2007,13(2):267-271

通过田间小区试验,研究了小麦/蚕豆间作条件下作物的产量优势及不同施氮水平和种植方式中土壤硝酸盐累积。研究表明,间作可以提高作物单位面积复合产量,增产幅度在6%3～3%之间,不施氮处理间作小麦产量比单作增加达84%;间作和施氮对蚕豆产量没有显著影响。不同种植方式下土壤剖面中硝酸盐累积量趋势表现为蚕豆单作>小麦、蚕豆间作>小麦单作。不施氮、施氮量为20、406、0.kg/hm2条件下,种蚕豆的土壤硝酸盐累积量分别比种小麦的土壤增加了25.4、63.5、50.9、93.4.kg/hm2,间作降低了土壤中硝酸盐累积。小麦、蚕豆间作体系中的产量优势主要是种间氮营养生态位发生了分化,蚕豆通过固定空气氮而减少对土壤有效氮的吸收,把土壤中的有效氮节约供给与之相伴的作物小麦利用。  相似文献   

Deforestation and extant distributions of Mexican endemic mammals     

Víctor Sánchez-Cordero  Patricia Illoldi-Rangel  Sahotra Sarkar 《Biological conservation》2005,126(4):465-473

Deforestation threatens biodiversity conservation worldwide, but little quantitative information is available on how it affects individual species’ distributions. We modeled potential distributions of 85 continental endemic Mexican mammal species using ecological niche modeling, and produced testable predictions of species’ extant distributions by limiting ecological niches to remnant untransformed habitat based on the Inventario Nacional Forestal 2000. We included point occurrence data for all endemics only from collecting localities prior to 1970, before wide areas of habitat transformation occurred nationwide. Most endemics (61 of 85, 72%) showed a high proportion of transformed habitat (34.5%) at the national level. More than one-fourth of the endemics (23 out of 85, 27%) lost more than 50% of untransformed habitat within their potential distributions; two showed drastic areal loss of more than 90%; another two showed a loss of more than 80%. Only 34 of the endemics are listed as endangered or threatened in the Mexican Norma Oficial Mexicana (NOM). No significant association existed between proportional loss and conservation status as assigned in the NOM, nor are correlations significant between original distributional area and area of remnant untransformed habitat. Both findings suggest that geographic location determines extinction risks rather than area per se. Endemics in the state of Veracruz and in the Transvolcanic Belt suffered the most drastic niche reductions and thus appear to be at high extinction risk from further deforestation.  相似文献