The reproductive performance of sows after PRRS vaccination depends on stage of gestation   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Catherine E. Dewey  Sophie Wilson  Peter Buck  JoAnna K. Leyenaar 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1999,40(3-4):233-241

In order to minimize the effects of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) on stillbirth, mummification, and neonatal mortality in swine herds, many producers have vaccinated their herds using a modified-live virus vaccine. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of the PRRS modified-live vaccine and reproductive performance by stage of gestation when the vaccine was administered. A total of 47 swine herds from Ontario and Manitoba, Canada, and from the mid-western USA were included in the study. Participating farms had vaccinated all of their sows at one point in time when they used the vaccine for the first time. The reproductive performance of sows that farrowed in the year prior to use of the vaccine was compared to that of sows vaccinated in each of five stages of gestation and in the gestation that followed the initial use of the vaccine. Sows vaccinated at any time during gestation had a reduced number of pigs born alive, a reduced number of pigs weaned per litter, and increased number of stillborn pigs and an increased number of mummified pigs compared to the sows that farrowed prior to use of the vaccine. The largest association was seen in sows that were vaccinated in the last four weeks of gestation. The largest losses were observed in those herds that were vaccinated concurrently with the initial PRRS herd outbreak. These results suggest that the modified-live vaccine should only be administered to non-gestating sows.  相似文献   

"全息"穴区注苗对机体免疫应答反应的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵宏坤  藤井诚一  壁谷英则 《中国预防兽医学报》2000,22(4):271-274

本研究以羊为实验动物模型，将伪结核棒状杆菌灭活苗分别接种于试验组羊耳背部“全息”穴区和对照组羊体背侧部皮内，然后定期检测供试羊的白细胞总数和淋巴细胞比率，同时采用ＥＬＩＳＡ检测血清中的特异性抗体效价，用氚村票房胸腺嘧啶核苷（＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ）掺入法，分别以刀豆素（ＣｏｎＡ）和特异性为刺激因子进行Ｔ淋巴细胞转化试验。结果表明，两组供试羊的白细胞总数均呈一时性增多，但无显著差异；血清中抗体效价、淋巴细胞  相似文献   

Vaccination of vervet monkeys against cutaneous leishmaniosis using recombinant Leishmania ‘major surface glycoprotein’ (gp63)     

J. O. Olobo  C. O. Anjili  M. M. Gicheru  P. A. Mbati  T. M. Kariuki  J. I. Githure  D. K. Koech  W. R. McMaster 《Veterinary parasitology》1995,60(3-4):199-212

Vervet monkeys (Cercopithicus aethiops) were shown to give a positive delayed-type hypersensitivity (DHT) reaction to gp63, a major surface glycoprotein of Leishmania parasites, and also produce antibodies to the molecule following a triple vaccination with a total dose of 150 μg of recombinant gp63 mixed with Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG). However, peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) from these animals neither proliferated nor produced any interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) following in vitro stimulation with the antigen. Analysis of lymphocyte subsets following vaccination did not reveal any striking phenotypic alteration of cellular sub-populations in PBL. When vaccinated animals were rechallenged, via the needle, with virulent Leishmania major promastigotes containing salivary gland extracts from vector sandflies, only partial protection was achieved. We conclude from these studies that gp63 produced in Escherichia coli is a safe vaccine molecule which gives only partial protection following vaccination in the vervet monkey host. The molecule requires further improvement for vaccine and/or immunodiagnosis application.  相似文献   

Evaluation of bovine viral diarrhea virus control using a mathematical model of infection dynamics     

B. R. Cherry  M. J. Reeves  G. Smith   《Preventive veterinary medicine》1998,33(1-4):91-108

A mathematical model for infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was created comprising a series of coupled differential equations. The model architecture is a development of the traditional model framework using susceptible, infectious and removed animals (the SIR model). The model predicts 1.2% persistent infection (within the range of field estimates) and is fairly insensitive to alterations of structure or parameter values. This model allows us to draw important conclusions regarding the control of BVD, particularly with respect to the importance of persistently infected (PI) animals in maintaining BVD as an endemic entity in the herd. Herds without PI animals are likely to experience episodic reproductive losses at intervals of two to three years, unlike herds with PI animals which will not see such marked episodic manifestations of infection. Instead, these herds will experience an initial peak of disease which will settle to low-level chronic reproductive losses. The model indicates that vaccine coverage for herd immunity (to avoid episodic manifestations of disease) need be only 57% without PI animals, although 97% coverage is required when PI animals are present. Analysis of model behavior suggests, a program of detection and removal of PI animals may enhance the effectiveness of a vaccine program provided these animals are in the herd for 10 days or less. The best results would be seen with PI animals in the herd for 5 or fewer days.  相似文献   

Prevalence of intercurrent disease in dogs and cats presented for vaccination at a veterinary practice     

MRC BANYARD 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(9):600-601

A prospective study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of intercurrent disease in dogs and cats presented for vaccination in general practice. Fifty-two percent of animals were found to suffer from intercurrent disease and 3% had severe debilitating disease. A thorough clinical examination conducted at the time of routine vaccination appears to be an important element in maintaining companion animal health and welfare.  相似文献   

Cytokine and immunoglobulin isotype profiles during CP7_E2alf vaccination against a challenge with the highly virulent Koslov strain of classical swine fever virus     

P. Renson  M. Le Dimna  C. Gabriel  R. Levai  S. Blome  G. Kulcsar  F. Koenen  M.F. Le Potier 《Research in veterinary science》2014

CP7_E2alf is a promising marker vaccine candidate against classical swine fever (CSF). To better understand the mechanisms of protection, cytokine and isotype-specific antibody profiles were investigated in CP7_E2alf vaccinated pigs before and after challenge with the highly virulent CSFV strain “Koslov” at 14 days or 6 months post-vaccination. The interference of vaccination with CSFV pathogeny-related cytokine responses, previously described following a moderately virulent challenge, was confirmed. However, the levels of additional cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6, were significantly attenuated by vaccination following highly virulent challenge. This vaccine interference with cytokine response was not dependent on the immunization route or the consequence of competition between vaccine and challenge strain. Interestingly, IFN-γ enhancement and persistent high IgG2 levels suggested an important role of cell-mediated immunity in long-term protection against CSFV induced by CP7_E2alf vaccination. IgA production also revealed a stimulation of mucosal immunity, especially after oral administration of the vaccine.  相似文献   

Vaccination using phase I vaccine is effective to control Coxiella burnetii shedding in infected dairy cattle herds     

Anne-Frieda Taurel  Raphaël Guatteo  Anne Lehebel  Alain Joly  François Beaudeau 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2014

The effectiveness of the vaccination of dairy cows combined or not with antibiotics (i.e. oxytetracycline) to control Coxiella burnetii (Cb) shedding at herd level was investigated in 77 Q fever clinically affected herds. In addition to nulliparous heifers’ vaccination, one out of the four following medical strategies was randomly assigned to dairy cows in each herd: vaccination (using a phase I vaccine) alone, vaccination combined with oxytetracycline, oxytetracycline alone or nothing. Their effectiveness to reduce Cb load in quarterly samples of bulk tank milk (BTM) and of pooled milk of primiparous (MP) was assessed through logistic hierarchical models. A significant reduction in Cb load was observed in herds where the vaccination of ≥80% of dairy cows was implemented; whereas the use of antibiotics was uneffective. Our findings support the interest of a whole vaccination strategy and provide evidence for decreasing the use of antibiotics in dairy cattle herds.  相似文献   

How do resources influence control measures during a simulated outbreak of foot and mouth disease in Australia?     

S.E. Roche  M.G. Garner  R.M. Wicks  I.J. East  K. de Witte 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2014

An outbreak of foot and mouth disease (FMD) could seriously impact Australia's livestock sector and economy. As an FMD-free country, an outbreak would trigger a major disease control and eradication program that would include the culling of infected and at risk animals (‘stamping out’), movement restrictions and zoo-sanitary measures. Additional control measures may also include pre-emptive culling or vaccination. However, it is unclear what disease strategy would be most effective under Australian conditions and different resource levels. Using a stochastic simulation model that describes FMD transmission between farms in a livestock dense region of Australia, our results suggest that using current estimates of human resource capacity for surveillance, infected premises operations and vaccination, outbreaks were effectively controlled under a stamping out strategy. However, under more constrained resource allocations, ring vaccination was more likely to achieve eradication faster than stamping out or pre-emptive culling strategies.  相似文献   

Systemic and local immune response in pigs intradermally and intramuscularly injected with inactivated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines     

P. Martelli  R. Saleri  V. Cavalli  E. De Angelis  L. Ferrari  M. Benetti  G. Ferrarini  G. Merialdi  P. Borghetti 《Veterinary microbiology》2014,168(2-4):357-364

The systemic and respiratory local immune response induced by the intradermal administration of a commercial inactivated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae whole-cell vaccine (Porcilis^® MHYO ID ONCE – MSD AH) in comparison with two commercial vaccines administered via the intramuscular route and a negative control (adjuvant only) was investigated. Forty conventional M. hyopneumoniae-free pigs were randomly assigned to four groups (ten animals each): Group A = intradermal administration of the test vaccine by using the needle-less IDAL^® vaccinator at a dose of 0.2 ml; Group B = intramuscular administration of a commercially available vaccine (vaccine B); Group C = intramuscular administration of the adjuvant only (2 ml of X-solve adjuvant); Group D = intramuscular administration of a commercially available vaccine (vaccine D). Pigs were vaccinated at 28 days of age. Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples were collected at vaccination (blood only), 4 and 8 weeks post-vaccination. Serum and BAL fluid were tested for the presence of antibodies by ELISA test. Peripheral blood monomorphonuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated to quantify the number of IFN-γ secreting cells by ELISpot. Moreover, cytokine gene expression from the BAL fluid was performed. Total antibodies against M. hyopneumoniae and specific IgG were detected in serum of intradermally and intramuscularly (vaccine B only) vaccinated pigs at 4 and 8 weeks post-vaccination. M. hyopneumoniae specific IgA were detected in BAL fluid from vaccinated animals (Groups A and B) but not from controls and animals vaccinated with the bacterin D (p < 0.05). Significantly higher gene expression of IL-10 was observed in the BAL fluid at week 8 post-vaccination in the intradermally vaccinated pigs (p < 0.05). The results support that the intradermal administration of an adjuvanted bacterin induces both systemic and mucosal immune responses. Moreover, the intramuscularly administered commercial vaccines each had a different ability to stimulate the immune response both systemically and locally.  相似文献   

A Survey of Horse Owner's Compliance with the Finnish Vaccination Program     

Heli I. Koskinen 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

Finnish Trotting and Breeding Association's electronic database (IT register) in Finland does not include vaccination entries of all horses. Especially, vaccination status of horses outside sport arenas is unclear. Objectives were to investigate vaccination practices of horse owners in Finland, to look for reasons associated with nonvaccination, and to evaluate the accuracy of the other statistics in Finland. The questionnaire study was executed. Horse owners (n = 1,198) told their vaccination practices, vaccinations used, and reasons for nonvaccination. Horses were mainly (85%–95%) vaccinated depending on the number of horses per horse owner. Equine influenza vaccine was mainly favored (94%). One reason for nonvaccination is that the horse is inactive in equine sport arenas (43%). Other reasons (53%) were age, horse does not take part in competitions but stay at home, and the owner decides that the horse does not need vaccination. Differences between age groups (young and old), competition types, and regions were not found by one-variable analysis, but vaccination status of horses outside equine sport arenas differed from horses active in competitions. By logistic regression analysis, it was indicated that purpose of use had influence on vaccination status. Reasons for nonvaccination surveyed in UK were confirmed. The control of the competition rules and possible sanctions exercised in competition venue are better explanatory factors than age, type of competition, and geographic home area. However, the risk to meet a nonvaccinated horse increases when going to the northern part of Finland.  相似文献