黄曲霉毒素的脱毒研究进展     

王婧莹  王琢  闫培生 《中国农业科技导报》2019,21(4):42-51

黄曲霉毒素是由真菌代谢产生的天然毒素,主要分为B族黄曲霉毒素、G族黄曲霉毒素及M族黄曲霉毒素。黄曲霉毒素对人类和动物具有较高的毒性、致畸性、诱变性和致癌性,其中黄曲霉毒素B_1的毒性最高,且黄曲霉毒素B_1和黄曲霉毒素M_1被国际癌症研究机构列为一级致癌物。因此,黄曲霉毒素的脱毒越来越受到国内外的广泛关注。主要对国内外黄曲霉毒素的物理脱毒方法、化学脱毒方法及生物脱毒方法进行综述,重点对生物脱毒方法的种类、脱毒机理和降解产物的毒性进行了评述,并提出研究展望。  相似文献   

Manipulation of plant methylglyoxal metabolic and signaling pathways for improving tolerance to drought stress     

Omid Askari-Khorasgani 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(10):1268-1275

Drought stress is considered one of the major constraints to crop production with devastating effects worldwide. Methylglyoxal (MG) homeostasis plays an essential role in promoting plant growth, development, metabolic adaptation, signal transduction, and thereby responses to drought stress. Manipulation of genes encoding aldose-aldehyde reductases (ALRs), aldo– keto reductases (AKRs), genes that are involved in maintaining high ascorbate:glutathione (AsA:GSH), glutathione:glutathione disulfide (GSH:GSSG) contents and ratios, as well as jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis are of critical importance for improving MG detoxification, and thereby tolerance to drought stress. MG detoxification by maintaining optimal abscisic acid (ABA), JA, salicyclic acid (SA), and brassinosteroid (BR) homeostasis and crosstalk is also essential to optimize plant performance under both normal and drought stress conditions.  相似文献   

吡咯伯克霍尔德菌WY6-5产二甲基二硫对储藏期花生黄曲霉及毒素的抑制作用     

宫安东  董飞燕  吴楠楠  孔宪巍  赵倩  闫建丽  Cheelo DIMUNA 《中国农业科学》2019,52(17):2972-2982

【目的】验证吡咯伯克霍尔德菌（Burkholderia pyrrocinia）WY6-5的抑菌作用,评价其对储藏期花生黄曲霉（Aspergillus flavus）及毒素的防治效果,分析抑菌作用机制,鉴定活性物质,并检测其最低抑菌浓度,为储藏期真菌病害及毒素的防控提供新材料。【方法】采用非接触培养皿对扣培养法,检测菌株WY6-5对黄曲霉的抑制效果,添加活性炭,验证挥发性物质的抑菌作用;密闭储藏环境,检测WY6-5产二甲基二硫对花生黄曲霉及毒素的抑制效果;收集处理后的花生籽粒,锇酸固定,并进行扫描电镜观察,检测黄曲霉细胞显微结构变化,通过透射电镜观察,检测黄曲霉细胞内部结构的显微差异;购买活性物质标准品,梯度稀释,与黄曲霉菌丝和孢子对扣培养,分析最低抑菌浓度。【结果】吡咯伯克霍尔德菌WY6-5分离自茶园根际土壤,可产生挥发性物质二甲基二硫,并高效抑制黄曲霉的生长,抑菌率达95%以上;同时,在高水活度（a_w）条件下,WY6-5还可抑制储藏期花生黄曲霉和毒素污染;两种水活度下,对照组中发病率高达100%,黄曲霉毒素总含量分别为399.32 μg?kg ^-1（a_w 0.859）和3 143.19 μg?kg ^-1（a_w 0.923）;WY6-5添加组,花生黄曲霉发病率降为2%（a_w 0.859）与21%（a_w 0.923）,毒素含量降为4.86 μg?kg ^-1（a_w 0.859）和121.37 μg?kg ^-1（a_w 0.923）,与对照组相比,对毒素的抑制率达98.78%和96.14%。扫描电镜观察显示,WY6-5产生的挥发性气体能抑制黄曲霉孢子的萌发,透射电镜显示,黄曲霉细胞结构未呈现明显损伤。挥发性物质二甲基二硫抑菌作用明显,对黄曲霉菌丝生长的最低抑菌浓度为100 μL?L ^-1(物质体积/培养体积),对孢子萌发的最低抑菌浓度为50 μL?L ^-1(物质体积/培养体积)。【结论】吡咯伯克霍尔德菌WY6-5可产生高效抑菌挥发物二甲基二硫,在低浓度下即可完全抑制黄曲霉菌丝生长和孢子萌发,并能抑制储藏期花生黄曲霉的侵染和黄曲霉毒素的产生,为储藏期真菌病害及毒素的防控提供了新型生物材料。  相似文献   

Ecological detoxification of methamidophos by earthworms in phaiozem co-contaminated with acetochlor and copper     

Qixing Zhou  Meie Wang  Jidong Liang 《Applied soil ecology》2008,40(1):138-145

In view of the ubiquitous co-existence of methamidophos, acetochlor and copper (Cu) in agricultural soils, ecological detoxification of methamidophos in phaiozem by earthworms was examined using the detoxic incubation experiments with illumination. It was validated that the earthworm Eisenia fetida is a useful soil animal in the process of methamidophos detoxification as the assistance of soil microbes and enzymes. Due to the action of earthworms, the half life of methamidophos with concentration of 15 mg/kg in phaiozem could decrease from 5.61 days to 5.08 days. Dynamics of methamidophos detoxification by earthworms could conform to the logistic model. Under the condition of multiple pollution combined with acetochlor (20 mg/kg) and Cu (300 mg/kg), ecological detoxification of methamidophos by earthworms became complicated. Acetochlor played a promoting role in the biodegradation of methamidophos to some extent, while it was basically inhibited by Cu.  相似文献   

油菜饼粕浓缩饲用蛋白的产业化实现及其经济效益分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱明  谢奇珍  吴谋成  师建芳  刘清  刘进 《农业工程学报》2008,24(2):309-312

油菜饼粕中含有丰富的蛋白质,是一种潜在的植物蛋白资源.由于油菜饼粕中含有硫甙、芥酸、植酸等有毒或抗营养物质,限制了其推广应用,而长期以来技术与工艺的原因又致使产业化的开发一直停滞不前.为了实现菜籽浓缩饲用蛋白的工业化生产,该文介绍了一种利用水性溶剂脱毒的低成本方法,其成品中干基蛋白质含量≥60%,硫甙含量为5 μmol/g,植酸与多酚的脱除率分别为52%和55%.在当前市场条件下,使用该方法生产线的静态投资回收期为1.5年.  相似文献   

Inhibitory Effect of Dimethyl Disulfide from Burkholderia pyrrocinia WY6-5 on Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxins in Peanuts During Storage Period     

GONG AnDong  DONG FeiYan  WU NanNan  KONG XianWei  ZHAO Qian  YAN JianLi  Cheelo DIMUNA 《中国农业科学》2019,52(17):2972-2982

【Objective】The objective of this study is to verify the antifungal effect of Burkholderia pyrrocinia WY6-5, evaluate its control efficacy against Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins in peanuts during storage period, analyze the inhibitory mechanism, identify antifungal volatiles and detect the minimal inhibitory concentration to A. flavus, so as to provide novel strategies for the prevention and control of fungal diseases and mycotoxin during storage period.【Method】Face-to-face dual cultural test was conducted to analyze the antifungal activity of volatiles from WY6-5. Active charcoal as volatile adsorbent was added into the tests to verify the antifungal activity of volatiles. Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) emitted form strain WY6-5 was challenged with peanut kernels inoculated with A. flavus conidia in sealed airspace without physical contact. A. flavus cells on peanut coat were collected, fixed in osmic acid, and analyzed through scanning electron microscope (SEM). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to test the inner structure of A. flavus cell affected by volatiles from WY6-5. The commercial DMDS was purchased, serially diluted, and co-cultured with A. flavus conidia and mycelia to detect the minimal inhibitory concentration, respectively.【Result】B. pyrrocinia WY6-5 isolated from rhizosphere soil of tea plants could produce volatile DMDS, prevent the growth of A. flavus mycelia, the inhibition rate was over 95%. Additionally, under the condition of high water activity (a_w), WY6-5 could also inhibit the A. flavus infection and aflatoxins production in peanuts during storage period. In peanuts of control treatment, the disease incidence was 100%, and the total concentration of aflatoxins was 399.32 μg?kg ^-1 (a_w 0.859) and 3 143.19 μg?kg ^-1 (a_w 0.923), respectively. When WY6-5 was added in the treatment, the disease incidence decreased to 2% (a_w 0.859) and 21% (a_w 0.923), respectively. The concentration of aflatoxins decreased to 4.86 μg?kg ^-1 (a_w 0.859) and 121.37 μg?kg ^-1 (a_w 0.923), respectively. The inhibition rate of WY6-5 against aflatoxins contamination was 98.78% and 96.14% compared to the control treatment. SEM analysis proved that DMDS from WY6-5 inhibited the germination of A. flavus conidia. TEM analysis further proved that the inner cell structures of A. flavus conidia were not severely damaged by volatiles. Volatile DMDS showed great antifungal activity. The minimal inhibitory concentration against mycelia growth was 100 μL?L ^-1(compound volume/airspace volume). The minimal inhibitory concentration against conidia germination was 50 μL?L ^-1(compound volume/airspace volume). 【Conclusion】 B. pyrrocinia WY6-5 can produce valid antifungal volatile DMDS, which can completely inhibit the mycelia growth and conidia germination of A. flavus at low concentration, and greatly prevent the development of A. flavus disease and aflatoxins contamination in peanuts during storage period. WY6-5 and the produced DMDS provide novel bio-active agents for fungal diseases control and mycotoxins during storage period.  相似文献   

黄曲霉毒素B1、玉米赤霉烯酮和呕吐毒素的累加细胞毒性研究     

王晓敏  常娟  王平  尹清强  刘超齐  朱群  彭峰  杨小进 《中国饲料》2021,1(9):98-101

由于饲料中多种霉菌毒素并存的几率比较高，本研究以仔猪肠上皮细胞（IPEC-J2）为模型，研究黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）和呕吐毒素（DON）的叠加细胞毒性。细胞毒性试验选用AFB1、ZEA和DON三种毒素作为响应面Box-Behnke设计的三个因素，以AFB1：10、20、30 μg/L，ZEA：150、300、450 μg/L，DON：500、1000、1500 μg/L作为Box-Behnke设计的三个编码水平。利用响应面设计构建得到17组复合霉菌毒素组合，以其对IPEC-J2细胞活力的影响作为参考指标，得到对细胞损伤程度最高和最低的霉菌毒素添加比例。结果表明：经方程预测后，得到细胞活力最低（霉菌毒素毒性最高）的AFB1、ZEA和DON组合为30、150 μg/L和1500 μg/L，经测定细胞活力为32.32%|得到细胞活力最高（霉菌毒素毒性最低）的AFB1、ZEA和DON组合为10、150 μg/L和600 μg/L，经测定细胞活力为53.01%。该结果为多种霉菌毒素叠加毒性的研究提供了依据。 [关键词] IPEC-J2细胞|黄曲霉毒素B1|玉米赤霉烯酮|呕吐毒素|细胞毒性  相似文献   

牦牛瘤胃微生物抗生素抗性基因对3种外源性刺激因子的响应     

赵佳琦  文勇立  安雅静  李子谦  齐沛森  李强  候定超 《畜牧兽医学报》2020,51(5):1126-1137

通过给牦牛投喂硫酸头孢喹肟(CEF)、盐酸二氟沙星(DIF)和黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1),并进行瘤胃微生物宏基因组测序,旨在揭示这3种外源性刺激因子对抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)种类、抗性类型、抗性机制等的影响,对于深入研究微生物抗性组特征和抗性机制具有重要价值。选取15头牦牛,随机分5组。Cef组和Dif组分别根据说明书推荐剂量按体重计算、灌服CEF 1 mg·kg^-1和DIF 1 mL·kg^-1;E1组和E2组分别按采食量投喂AFB120、60μg·kg^-1;C组为对照组。处理7 d后,采集瘤胃液,提取DNA,Illumina HiSeq测序,对reads counts进行标准化得到TPM值,并进行方差分析。结果显示,对照组共获得132种ARGs,分属30种抗性类型,其中,四环素类tetQ和tetW基因丰度较高;Cef组tetW基因丰度增加(P<0.05),Dif组tetQ丰度增加(P<0.05);Cef组四环素类和头孢菌素类抗性基因丰度增加(P<0.05),Dif组四环素类和氨基香豆素类抗性基因丰度增加(P<0.05),E1组氨基香豆素和青霉烯类抗性基因丰度增加(P<0.05),E2组青霉烯类、头孢菌素类等9类抗性基因丰度均增多(P<0.05);Dif组Erm基因23S核糖体RNA甲基转移酶丰度增加(P<0.05),E2组中ATP结合盒超家族等3种抗性机制相关基因的丰度增加(P<0.05);3种因子均显著增加四环素类ARGs宿主的种类。结论:瘤胃是蕴含丰富ARGs的储藏库,其中,四环素类抗生素抗性基因tetQ和tetW是主要的ARGs。不仅CEF和DIF使部分ARGs的种类、抗性类型以及耐药机制相关酶等的丰度升高,增加瘤胃微生物的耐药性,而且AFB1也具有类似作用,且高剂量AFB1对抗性类型的影响范围较抗生素大。这3种因子还导致携带四环素类ARGs宿主微生物的种类数量增加,从而强化横向转移机制,加快ARGs传播,增强微生物对四环素类的耐药性。  相似文献   

Metabolic resistance to S‐metolachlor in two waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) populations from Illinois,USA     

Seth A Strom  Aaron G Hager  Nicholas J Seiter  Adam S Davis  Dean E Riechers 《Pest management science》2020,76(9):3139-3148

  相似文献   

棉籽粕脱毒技术及其在畜禽生产中的应用     

舒文秀  周瑞  蓝婧婷  王略宇  朱凯  徐红伟  臧荣鑫 《饲料研究》2021,(2):147-151

棉籽粕中粗蛋白的含量较高,是较好的蛋白饲料资源之一。但棉籽粕中的游离棉酚(FG)等抗营养因子限制了棉籽粕的应用,利用物理、化学、生物等脱毒方式可显著降低棉籽粕中FG含量,提高其饲用价值。文章对棉籽粕的营养特性、常用的脱毒方法及其在畜禽生产中的应用情况进行综述,以期为棉籽粕在畜禽生产中的合理利用提供参考。  相似文献