Characterization of viscoelastic,shrinkage and transverse anatomy properties of four Australian hardwood species     

《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(3):95-104

Abstract

Several key wood properties of four Australian hardwood species: Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus marginata and Eucalyptus obliqua, were characterized using state-of-the-art equipment at AgroParisTech, ENGREF, France. The wood properties were measured for input into microscopic (cellular level) and macroscopic (board level) vacuum-drying models currently under development. Morphological characterization was completed using a combination of environmental scanning electron microscopy and image analysis software. A clear difference in fibre porosity, size, wall thickness and orientation was evident between species. Viscoelastic properties were measured in the tangential and radial directions using dynamic mechanical analysis instrumentation. The glass transition temperature was markedly different for each species owing to anatomical and chemical variations. The radial direction showed higher stiffness, internal friction and glass transition temperature than the tangential direction. A highly sensitive microbalance and laser technology were used to measure loss of moisture content in conjunction with directional shrinkage on microsamples. Collapse shrinkage was clearly evident with this method for E. obliqua, but not with other species, consistent with industrial seasoning experience. To characterize the wood–water relations of E. obliqua, free of collapse, thinner sample sections (in the radial–tangential plane) are recommended.  相似文献   

莲属植物叶片及花瓣的比较解剖学研究     

刁英  胡蓉  游永宁  郑兴飞  郑兴汶  谢克强  周明全  胡中立 《湖北农业科学》2013,52(13)

对莲属(Nelumbo)植物的叶片及花瓣进行了比较解剖学研究.结果表明,莲属植物的叶片均有明显的栅栏组织和海绵组织之分,但二者的厚度及它们在叶肉中所占的比例有一定的差别;叶肉细胞内经常可以观察到草酸钙晶体;莲花瓣上下表皮均有乳状突起,无栅栏组织,仅有极为疏松的海绵组织,气室发达.同时,从研究结果来看,美国莲与中国莲在叶片和花瓣的解剖结构上没有明显差异;热带来源的莲与温带来源的莲之间并没有明显分化.莲叶片与花瓣解剖特征均表现出莲对水生生活的适应性,而其种间及种内的分化均不明显.  相似文献   

苹果砧木枝条主要输导组织解剖特征与矮化性的关系     

李春燕  杨廷桢  王新平 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2019,47(10):139-145

【目的】研究苹果砧木枝条主要输导组织解剖特征与矮化性的关系,探讨苹果砧木致矮关键部位。【方法】以不同矮化性的M系苹果砧木植株为试材,以MM106为对照,采用常规石蜡切片法,研究苹果砧木1年生枝各组织尤其是主要输导组织解剖特征与矮化性的关系。【结果】对于苹果砧木1年生枝横截面上不同部位的木质部,导管密度大小顺序均表现为近髓部中部近皮部,导管面积均表现为近皮部与中部差异不显著,但二者显著大于近髓部;M系苹果矮化砧木1年生枝的周皮厚度、皮层厚度、髓部半径、筛管面积均小于或显著小于对照,而导管平均密度、木质部厚度/枝条半径、近皮部导管面积/筛管面积、中部导管面积/筛管面积、近髓部导管面积/筛管面积、导管平均面积/筛管面积均大于或显著大于对照。【结论】对于苹果砧木1年生枝的木质部,从近皮部到近髓部,离髓部越近,导管密度越大、面积越小;M系矮化砧木1年生枝木质部发达,韧皮部生长较弱,M系苹果矮化砧木的致矮关键部位可能是韧皮部。  相似文献   

红花槭扦插生根特性和解剖学研究     

李梦怡  李炎林  许璐  冯烨  甘德欣  于晓英? 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2019,45(4)

以红花槭‘十月光辉’1年生带顶芽、1年生无顶芽和2年生硬枝为插穗,选用M1(河沙与珍珠岩的体积比为1∶1)、M2(河沙与蛭石的体积比为1∶1)、M3(珍珠岩与蛭石的体积比为1∶1)和M4(河沙、珍珠岩、蛭石的体积比为1∶1∶1)4种不同的扦插基质,施加不同质量浓度的吲哚丁酸(IBA)和萘乙酸(NAA)进行扦插试验,研究插穗类型、基质种类和外源激素对红花槭扦插生根的影响,并对扦插过程中不定根发育形成过程进行组织学观察。结果表明:M4基质在生根率(69.44%)、平均生根数量(14.31条)和平均根长(5.40cm)方面均表现最优,为适宜的扦插基质;1年生插穗生根率和平均根数均高于2年生插穗的,平均根长低于2年生插穗的;1年生带顶芽与1年生无顶芽插穗的扦插生根率差异不显著(P0.05);500mg/L IBA+500mg/LNAA处理效果最好,生根率达75.56%,平均生根数量为15.68条,平均根长为6.48 cm。红花槭属于诱生根原基多位点发生类型,其不定根起源于木射线与维管形成层交叉区域和韧皮部薄壁组织。  相似文献   

Raptor Gastroenterology     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2014,17(2):211-234

  相似文献   

Computed tomographic anatomy of the temporomandibular joint in the young horse     

M. J. RODRÍGUEZ  R. LATORRE  O. LÓPEZ‐ALBORS  M. SOLER  C. AGUIRRE  J. M. VÁZQUEZ  M. QUEROL  A. AGUT 《Equine veterinary journal》2008,40(6):566-571

Reasons for performing study: The equine temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its surrounding structures can be difficult to investigate in cases with a clinical problem related to the region. Little previous attention has been given either to a computed tomographic (CT) imaging protocol for the joint or an interpretation of the structures displayed in CT images of the normal joint. Objectives: To provide a CT atlas of the normal cross‐sectional anatomy of the equine TMJ using frozen and plastinated sections as anatomical reference. Methods: Eight TMJs from 4 immature pure‐bred Spanish horses were examined by helical CT. Scans were processed with a detailed algorithm to enhance bony and soft tissue. Transverse CT images were reformatted into sagittal and dorsal planes. Transverse, sagittal and dorsal cryosections were then obtained, photographed and plastinated. Relevant anatomic structures were identified in the CT images and corresponding anatomical sections. Results: In the CT images, a bone window provided excellent bone detail, however, the soft tissue components of the TMJ were not as well visualised using a soft tissue window. The articular cartilage was observed as a hyperattenuating stripe over the low attenuated subchondral bone and good delineation was obtained between cortex and medulla. The tympanic and petrous part of the temporal bone (middle and inner ear) and the temporohyoid joint were seen in close proximity to the TMJ. Conclusions: Helical CT provided excellent images of the TMJ bone components to characterise the CT anatomy of the normal joint. Potential relevance: Detailed information is provided that may be used as a reference by equine veterinarians for the CT investigation of the equine TMJ and serve to assist them in the diagnosis of disorders of the TMJ and related structures (middle and inner ear). The study was performed at an immature stage and further studies of mature individuals are required in order to confirm that the clinical interpretation is not affected by changes occurring with age.  相似文献   

Neuroanatomy of the equine dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle: surgical implications     

Cheetham J  Radcliffe CR  Ducharme NG  Sanders I  Mu L  Hermanson JW 《Equine veterinary journal》2008,40(1):70-75

Reason for performing study: Studies are required to define more accurately and completely the neuroanatomy of the equine dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle as a prerequisite for developing a neuroprosthesis for recurrent laryngeal neuropathy. Objective: To describe the anatomy, innervation, fibre types and function of the equine dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle. Methods: Thirty‐one larynges were collected at necropsy from horses with no history of upper airway disease and 25 subjected to gross dissection. Thereafter, the following preparations were made on a subset of larynges: histochemical staining (n = 5), Sihler's and acetylcholinesterase staining for motor endplates (n = 2). An additional 6 larynges were collected and used for a muscle stimulation study. Results: Two neuromuscular compartments (NMC), each innervated by a primary nerve branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, were identified in all larynges. Stimulation of the lateral NMC produced more lateral displacement of the arytenoid cartilage than the medial NMC (P<0.05). The medial NMC tended to rotate the arytenoid cartilage dorsally. Motor endplates were identified at the junction of the middle and caudal thirds of each NMC. If fibre type grouping was present it was always present in both NMCs. Conclusions: The equine dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle has 2 distinct muscle NMCs with discrete innervation and lines of action. The lateral NMC appears to have a larger role in increasing cross‐sectional area of the rima glottidis. Potential relevance: This information should assist in planning surgical reinnervation procedures and development of a neuroprosthesis for recurrent laryngeal neuropathy.  相似文献   

Relation between age, body weight, and medial retropharyngeal lymph node size in apparently healthy dogs.     

Graham O Burns  Peter V Scrivani  Margret S Thompson  Hollis N Erb 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2008,49(3):277-281

The aims of this study were to determine the size of the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes in apparently healthy dogs using ultrasonography and to investigate relationships between body weight (1.8-59 kg), age (1.0-15 years), and medial retropharyngeal lymph node sizes (width, height, and length). The sample population consisted of 100 apparently healthy, volunteered, adult dogs. The data were normally distributed, thus mean, SD, and Pearson's correlation were used. Repeatability of ultrasound measures was assessed as the percentage of differences between duplicate measures that were within 2 SDs of the differences: all measures were at least 93% repeatable (differences typically were < or = 0.25 cm and always < 1 cm). No difference between sexes was observed. The medial retropharyngeal lymph node increased in size with increased body weight (r = 0.46 to 0.59) and decreased in size with increased age (r = -0.30 to -0.50). Although statistically significant, the actual variation is not likely clinically important due to the small range of sizes, measurement error, and various combinations of age and body weight. Therefore, regardless of body weight or age, the average width is 1.0 cm, height is 0.5 cm, and length is 2.5 cm and maximum width is 2 cm, height is 1 cm, and length is 5 cm. Based on the maximal difference between duplicate measures (with some exception), any change > or = 0.4 cm with width or height, or > or = 1.0 cm in length, in a follow up measurement probably represents a true biological change rather than measurement error.  相似文献   

Ultra‐thin sectioning and grinding of epoxy plastinated tissue     

Mircea Constantin Sora  Christoph von Horst  Octavio Lpez-Albors  Rafael Latorre 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2019,48(6):564-571

With classical sheet plastination techniques such as E12, the level and thickness of the freeze‐cut sections decide on what is visible in the final sheet plastinated sections. However, there are other plastination techniques available where we can look for specific anatomical structures through the thickness of the tissue. These techniques include sectioning and grinding of plastinated tissue blocks or thick slices. The ultra‐thin E12 technique, unlike the classic E12 technique, starts with the plastination of a large tissue block. High temperatures (30–60°C) facilitate the vacuum‐forced impregnation by decreasing the viscosity of the E12 and increasing the vapour pressure of the intermediary solvent. By sectioning the cured tissue block with a diamond band saw plastinated sections with a thickness of <300 μm can be obtained. The thickness of plastinated sections can be further reduced by grinding. Resulting sections of <100 µm are suitable for histological staining and microscopic studies. Anatomical structures of interest in thick plastinate slices can be followed by variable manual grinding in a method referred to as Tissue Tracing Technique (TTT). In addition, the tissue thickness can be adapted to the transparency or darkness of tissue types in different regions of the same plastinated section. The aim of this study was to evaluate the advantages of techniques based on sectioning and grinding of plastinated tissue (E12 ultra‐thin and TTT) compared to conventional sheet‐forming techniques (E12).  相似文献   

E12 technique: Conventional epoxy resin sheet plastination     

Rafael Latorre  Kees de Jong  Mircea‐Constantin Sora  Octavio Lpez‐Albors  Carlos Baptista 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2019,48(6):557-563

Epoxy plastination techniques were developed to obtain thin transparent body slices with high anatomical detail. This is facilitated because the plastinated tissue is transparent and the topography of the anatomical structures well preserved. For this reason, thin epoxy slices are currently used for research purposes in both macroscopic and microscopic studies. The protocol for the conventional epoxy technique (E12) follows the main steps of plastination—specimen preparation, dehydration, impregnation and curing/casting. Preparation begins with selection of the specimen, followed by freezing and slicing. Either fresh or fixed (embalmed) tissue is suitable for epoxy plastination, while slice thickness is kept between 1.5 and 3 mm. Impregnation mixture is made of epoxy E12 resin plus E1 hardener (100 ppw; 28 ppw). This mixture is reactive and temperature sensitive, and for this reason, total impregnation time under vacuum at room laboratory temperature should not last for more than 20–24 hr. Casting of impregnated slices is done in either flat chambers or by the so‐called sandwich method in either fresh mixture or the one used for impregnation. Curing is completed at 40°C to allow a complete polymerization of the epoxy‐mixture. After curing, slices can be photographed, scanned or used for anatomical study under screen negatoscope, magnification glass or fluorescent microscope. Based on epoxy sheet plastination, many anatomical papers have recent observations of and/or clarification of anatomical concepts in different areas of medical expertice.  相似文献