固态发酵芦笋老茎生产高蛋白反刍动物饲料的研究     

王琳琳  韩建荣  李欣欣  李艳婷 《饲料工业》2011,32(21)

通过单菌种固态发酵、复合菌种固态发酵以及不同配比的复合菌种固态发酵试验,对能够将芦笋老茎转化为反刍动物饲料的微生物菌种进行了筛选。结果表明,由青霉(Penicillium sp.)F-5、暗孢毛壳(Chaetomium atrosporum)F-21、曲霉(Aspergillus sp.)F-25菌株组成的配比为2:2:3的复合菌种是效果最好的菌种组合。芦笋老茎生料培养基经该复合菌种5 d固态发酵后,发酵产物中可溶性蛋白含量达到4.80 mg/g,与对照组相比增加了39.94%;粗蛋白含量达到11.18%,与对照组相比增加了38.54%;纤维素由22.74%降低到22.32%,降低了1.85%;木质素由12.90%降低到10.53%,降低了18.37%。这些结果证明芦笋老茎经微生物发酵后能转化为良好的高蛋白反刍动物饲料。  相似文献   

高通量筛选差异表达基因技术及其在家畜中的应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

狄冉  储明星 《中国畜牧兽医》2011,38(1):144-147

差异表达基因筛选技术是研究生物重要经济性状相关基因或抗病相关基因的有力工具。作者总结了近年来发展起来的几种高通量筛选差异表达基因的技术,并对其原理、流程及在家畜中的应用作了简要介绍。  相似文献   

乳酸菌对水产养殖动物抗氧化应激与免疫力影响研究进展     

邝哲师  赵祥杰  叶明强  罗国庆  曹俊明  黄燕华 《畜牧与饲料科学》2011,(8):39-41

简述了在水产养殖动物中使用乳酸菌所具有的抗氧化应激与免疫力影响的研究现状和作用机理,并描述了其应用前景,以期为乳酸菌制剂在水产动物上的应用提供参考。  相似文献   

Toxoplasma gondii in Switzerland: a serosurvey based on meat juice analysis of slaughtered pigs, wild boar, sheep and cattle     

Berger-Schoch AE  Bernet D  Doherr MG  Gottstein B  Frey CF 《Zoonoses and public health》2011,58(7):472-478

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases worldwide and is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Besides vertical infection during pregnancy, humans can get infected post-natally either by peroral uptake of sporulated Toxoplasma oocysts or by ingestion of tissue cysts upon consumption of raw or undercooked meat. The aim of this study was to approximate the risk of human infection via meat consumption by estimating the seroprevalence of T. gondii in slaughtered animals in Switzerland and to compare data with prevalences assessed 10 years ago. The study included pigs, cattle, sheep and wild boar of different age groups and housing conditions whenever possible and applicable. A P-30-ELISA was used to detect T. gondii-specific antibodies and to determine seroprevalences in meat juice of slaughtered animals. A total of 270 domestic pigs (120 adults, 50 finishing, 100 free-ranging animals), 150 wild boars, 250 sheep (150 adults, 100 lambs) and 406 cattle (47 calves, 129 heifers, 100 bulls, 130 adult cows) were tested. Seropositivity increased with the age of the assessed animals. Independent of the age-group, the overall seroprevalence was lowest in wild boars (6.7%), followed by pigs (23.3%), cattle (45.6%) and sheep (61.6%), respectively. Conventional fattening pigs and free-ranging pigs surprisingly had comparable seroprevalences (14.0% and 13.0%, respectively). Unlike in other European countries, where generally a decrease in the number of seropositive animals had been observed, we found that the prevalence of seropositive animals, when compared with that of 10 years ago, had increased for most species/age groups. Conclusively, the results demonstrated a high seroprevalence of T. gondii in animals slaughtered for meat production and revealed that increasing age of the animals is a more important risk factor than housing conditions in Switzerland.  相似文献   

Patterns of rabies occurrence in Bhutan between 1996 and 2009     

Tenzin  Dhand NK  Ward MP 《Zoonoses and public health》2011,58(7):463-471

This study was conducted to evaluate incidence and seasonal trends of rabies in dogs and other domestic animals in Bhutan from 1996 to 2009. Time series analysis approach was used to determine the seasonal trend and temporal association between species-specific rabies cases in animals. A total of 814 rabies cases were reported during the 14-year period, of which cattle and domestic dogs accounted for 55% (447/814) and 39% (317/814) of the cases, respectively. The remaining 6% of the cases (50/814) were reported in horses (2%), cats (2%), pigs (1%) and goats (1%). Rabies cases were reported throughout the year with more reports during spring and summer months. The annual patterns of cases were stable from 1996 to 2005, but the incidence increased during 2006 and 2008. Fifty-nine of the 205 sub-districts reported rabies in animals from 1996 to 2009 with increased incidences in the four districts in southern Bhutan, an area located close to the border towns of India. A significant (P < 0.05) positive cross-correlation was observed between the number of cases in dogs and other domestic animals at time lags (months) 1-3 with the highest correlation (r = 0.94, P < 0.05) observed at time lag 0 (same month) indicating that the peak in rabies incidences occur in the same month when both dogs and other domestic animal cases are reported. Regression analysis predicted rabies in other domestic animal when there are reports of rabies in dogs during the previous months. This study provides useful information about the epidemiology of rabies that can be used to plan a rabies control programme in Bhutan.  相似文献   

典型土壤动物体表形态减粘脱土的初步研究   总被引：17，自引：5，他引：17  

陈秉聪  任露泉  徐晓波  崔相旭  王煜明  张伯兰  葛辽海  金桂萍 《农业工程学报》1990,6(2):1-6

土壤动物的不粘土特性,对于地面机械减粘脱土的仿生研究具有重要意义。本文利用实体显微镜和扫描电镜对典型土壤动物穿山甲、蝼蛄、蚂蚁和蜣螂等的体表形态进行了观察研究。结果表明,上述土壤动物具有类似波纹状的体表结构,并用波形表面模型进行了减粘脱土的机理分析。  相似文献   

生鲜乳中兽药残留的快速筛查与风险预警体系构建     

田怀香  陈彬  于海燕  周兴鑫  陈臣 《农业工程学报》2020,36(7):324-332

该研究探索并构建一种基于历史数据分析的安全预警方法,对生鲜乳中兽药残留情况进行识别、控制与评价,以便在风险发生之前做出准确判断。首先利用高效液相色谱-高分辨飞行时间串联质谱(High Performance Liquid Chromatography-high Resolution Time-of-flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry,HPLC-TOF-MS/MS)方法对上海市各牧场的生鲜乳进行兽药残留筛查,然后以生鲜乳中泼尼松(Prednisone,Pre)残留检出数为例,利用休哈特控制图(Shewhart control charts)构建风险预警体系。结果表明:在300个生鲜乳样品中共筛查出42种兽药残留,涉及类固醇类(12种)、糖皮质类(6种)和镇静剂(5种)等12大类;在筛查的6个星期中,泼尼松检出数(Number of Prednisone Detected,Pn)控制图呈现稳定的状态;当假设第7周泼尼松检出数为6时,Pn控制图呈现稳态,未触发预警;当假设第7周泼尼松检出数为10时,Pn控制图出现异常,稳态遭到破坏,此时该批样品触发风险预警。综上,利用HPLC-TOF-MS/MS能对生鲜乳样品进行高通量的兽药残留筛查,再利用休哈特控制图结合历史数据可以对生鲜乳样品的兽药残留进行有效的风险监测和预警。  相似文献   

江淮地区冬季羊舍供暖及通风换气效果     

任春环  王强军  张彦  罗建川  张子军 《农业工程学报》2015,31(23):179-186

为改善江淮地区冬季肉羊养殖福利状况、提高肉羊生产水平,该文以江淮地区最常见的双坡顶有窗封闭羊舍为研究对象,利用油汀式电暖气为羊舍供暖以及负压风机与电暖气相结合方式为羊舍通风换气进行试验研究。结果表明：冬季舍外有效温度为3.04 ℃,供暖羊舍空气温度和羔羊日增质量可分别比对照羊舍提高3.4 ℃和29 g,空怀母羊日平均采食量比对照舍降低90 g,说明羊舍冬季供暖经济可行;换气羊舍空气温度、相对湿度通风前后差异不显著（P＞0.05）,NH3质量浓度和CO2体积分数通风前后差异显著（P＜0.05）,证实这种换气方式能够解决羊舍冬季保暖与通风换气的矛盾。综合认为,该研究为南方江淮地区冬季肉羊舍环境调控奠定了基础。  相似文献   

基于水温对肉牛生长性能影响的冬季恒温饮水系统优选   总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3  

陈昭辉  庞超  靳薇  刘继军  朱跃明 《农业工程学报》2015,31(24):212-218

为缓解西北地区拴系肉牛在冬季产生的冷应激,提高肉牛生长性能,研究根据连通器原理设计恒温饮水系统,为牛只提供温水。试验选取西门塔尔牛作为试验牛,对饮水器内水温、肉牛的饮水行为、生理以及日增质量进行测定。试验结果表明:恒温饮水系统能为处理组牛只提供17.69℃的温水,处理组牛的日增质量为1.53 kg/(d·头),较对照组提高0.36 kg/(d·头),差异极显著(P0.01)。在处理组中,牛只饮用16~18℃的温水表现出更多的饮水次数和更好的增重效果(日增质量达到(1.69±0.44)kg/(d·头))。饮水后牛只瘤胃处体表温度处理组比对照组高3.29℃,差异极显著(P0.01)。结果表明,在拴系肉牛舍中采用这种恒温饮水系统能够有效改善肉牛因冬季饮用冷水造成的冷应激,并能显著提高肉牛生长性能,具有技术和经济可行性。  相似文献   

转基因小鼠后代乳汁中外源基因的表达   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

黄缨  颜景斌  孙琼  黄英  黄淑帧 《中国兽医学报》2001,21(1):17-20

运用传统育种方法，用整合有人凝血因子Ⅸ(hFⅨ）的转基因小鼠交和远交。通过选育，在其后代中出现4只双重杂合子（3♀，1♂）及2只纯合子小鼠（2♀）。收集雌鼠乳汁，用ELISA测定其中hFⅨ蛋白含量。结果表明，相对于单纯杂合子小鼠，纯合子小鼠的表达量无增高（P＞0．05），而双重杂合子小鼠的表达量有显著提高（P＜0．01）。结果提示 ，选育双重杂合子转基因后代小鼠，是一条提高转基因动物外源基因表达水平的有效途径。  相似文献