β-葡聚糖的生物学功能及在水产养殖中的应用     

侯冬强  赵红霞  彭凯  曹俊明 《中国畜牧兽医》2022,49(12):4625-4634

β-葡聚糖来源广泛，主要存在于植物和微生物细胞壁中，由葡聚糖单体构成，具有多种结构，因其侧链残基种类和数量的不同而具有多种生物学功能，如通过降低炎症相关基因表达及提高免疫因子的表达发挥调节免疫的作用；通过减少脂质的产生和吸收发挥调节脂质代谢的作用；通过提高抗氧化酶、自由基、超氧阴离子的清除活性及激活Nrf2信号通路、上调抗氧化基因的表达来增强机体的抗氧化能力，发挥抗氧化作用；通过增强缺氧耐受性及提高抗氨氮应激能力、能量代谢和抗氧化酶基因的表达等发挥抗应激作用。自抗生素禁用以来，β-葡聚糖在水产动物中的研究和应用逐渐深入，β-葡聚糖在预防水产动物疾病和减少抗生素使用等方面发挥着重要作用。在水产养殖中，β-葡聚糖可通过提高消化酶活性、改善肠道结构、优化肠道菌群及增强非特异性免疫力来提高水产动物生长性能，β-葡聚糖的联合使用比添加单一种类的免疫刺激剂具有更好的免疫效果。作者就β-葡聚糖的结构特征、生物学活性、作用机制及在水产动物中的应用进行了综述，并对β-葡聚糖今后的发展方向进行了展望，为实现水产动物生态健康养殖提供材料。  相似文献   

Application Progress of Selenium and Selenoprotein in Aquaculture北大核心CSCD     

王连顺  李梓萌  靳晓敏  黄家强 《动物营养学报》2023,(1):77-85

随着水产养殖产业的高速发展,水产养殖集约化规模扩大,养殖动物密度增大,容易造成氧化应激反应,这迫使水产养殖从业者亟需寻找无毒无害且高效的饲料添加剂以提高水产动物的抗应激能力。硒(Se)是一种人体和动物生长繁育必需的微量元素,其生物学功能主要通过硒蛋白表达,饲料中添加适量的硒能够增强水产动物的抵抗力。本文综述了硒和硒蛋白的种类以及硒对水产动物的生理机制,同时对硒在水产养殖中的应用进行综述,旨在总结不同硒源作为水产饲料添加剂在改善水产动物生长、免疫与肉质等方面的作用,为其在水产养殖中的高效应用提供科学参考。  相似文献   

Digital Cytology in Exotic Practice: Tips to Optimize Diagnosis     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2022,25(3):663-678

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Ophthalmic Disease and Screening in Breeding Dogs     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2023,53(5):965-983

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放养密度对稻渔（禽）共生模式水稻产量、品质和生态环境的影响研究进展     

戴林秀  李京咏  彭翔  杨谦  徐强  窦志  高辉 《中国稻米》2023,29(1):55-59

当前，我国农业正面临人均耕地面积减少、资源与环境约束加剧、保障粮食安全和农民增收难度越来越大等问题，稻田综合种养是推动现代农业绿色高效生态发展的重要生产模式，能在一定程度上解决这些问题。近年来，稻田综合种养产业在国家的助力下迅速发展，但目前综合种养技术相对粗放，各地区缺乏相应的技术标准，尤其是在稻渔（禽）共生模式下水产（禽）动物的规格和放养密度方面缺乏相关的标准，这严重制约了稻田综合种养产业的提档升级与提质增效。本文阐述了目前稻田综合种养产业的发展现状，探讨了稻渔（禽）共生模式下不同水产（禽）动物放养密度对水稻产量、稻米品质和生态环境的影响，提出今后稻渔（禽）共生的发展方向，为提高稻渔（禽）共生模式的综合效益提供参考。  相似文献   

Acupuncture in Zoological Companion Animals     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2023,26(1):257-280

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辣椒及其提取物作为饲料添加剂在不同种属动物中的应用研究进展     

辣椒及其提取物作为饲料添加剂在不同种属动物中的应用研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(6):53-56

辣椒作为调料品及蔬菜，在人类日常饮食和健康方面发挥重要作用，除此之外，辣椒及其提取物在畜禽生产方面具有增强抗病力、提高饲料报酬、减少热应激等作用。介绍了辣椒作为饲料添加剂的3种应用方式（辣椒粉、辣椒素、辣椒油树脂），以及在禽类、猪、反刍动物、兔类、鼠类、水产动物中的应用及作用机理，为辣椒及其提取物在动物生产中的应用提供新的思路。  相似文献   

Physical Rehabilitation in Zoological Companion Animals     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2023,26(1):281-308

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Recognition of big mammal species in airborne thermal imaging based on YOLO V5 algorithm     

Yonghua XIE  Jueze JIANG  Heng BAO  Penghui ZHAI  Yue ZHAO  Xiaoyu ZHOU  Guangshun JIANG 《Integrative zoology》2023,18(2):333-352

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, artificial intelligence, and the relevant hardware can be used for monitoring wild animals. However, existing methods have several limitations. Therefore, this study explored the monitoring and protection of Amur tigers and their main prey species using images from UAVs by optimizing the algorithm models with respect to accuracy, model size, recognition speed, and elimination of environmental interference. Thermal imaging data were collected from 2000 pictures with a thermal imaging lens on a DJI M300RTK UAV at the Hanma National Nature Reserve in the Greater Khingan Mountains in Inner Mongolia, Wangqing National Nature Reserve in Jilin Province, and Siberian Tiger Park in Heilongjiang Province. The YOLO V5s algorithm was applied to recognize the animals in the pictures. The accuracy rate was 94.1%, and the size of the model weight (total weight of each model layer trained with the training set) was 14.8 MB. The authors improved the structures and parameters of the YOLO V5s algorithm. As a result, the recognition accuracy rate became 96%, and the model weight was 9.3 MB. The accuracy rate increased by 1.9%, the model weight decreased by 37.2% from 14.8 MB to 9.3 MB, and the recognition time of a single picture was shortened by 34.4% from 0.032 to 0.021 s. This not only increases the recognition accuracy but also effectively lowers the hardware requirements that the algorithm relies on, which provides a lightweight fast recognition method for UAV-based edge computing and online investigation of wild animals.  相似文献   

A Declaration of Helsinki for animals     

《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2023,50(4):309-314

ObjectiveThis article examines the ethical principles underlying the Declaration of Helsinki as an internationally agreed justificatory framework for human medical research. The aim of the analysis is to consider the potential usefulness of these principles for defining an internationally agreed ethical 'best practice' in clinical veterinary research (CVR). It is suggested that the specific ethical responsibilities of the clinician to protect the interests of their patient when conducting medical research may be translated into the veterinary setting. Through exploring risk and harm, unproven interventions, vulnerability and informed consent, the article identifies the ethical risks of CVR. It is shown that veterinary regulators in the UK and the European Union have addressed these concerns to varying degrees; however, disagreements over the appropriateness of specific CVR practices are identified. A commitment to collaborative exploration of the benefits and challenges of implementing a Declaration of Helsinki for Animals is proposed.  相似文献