幼虫发育试验对羊毛圆科线虫抗药性的检测     

郝成  杨晓野  蔡蒸葵  王瑞  张晓东  韩海宾  孙玉卓 《中国兽医寄生虫病》2007,15(6):13-17

目的了解内蒙古部分地区散养户羊群毛圆科线虫的抗药性。方法将丙硫咪唑、伊维菌素配制成不同浓度的药液,利用幼虫发育试验对羊毛圆科线虫进行检测,统计数据,建立直线回归方程,计算出幼虫发育半数抑制量(LD50)。结果包头土右旗羊伊维菌素和丙硫咪唑的LD50平均值分别为0.0 039μg/mL和0.0 052μg/mL,最高值分别为0.0 055μg/mL和0.0 085μg/mL;鄂尔多斯达旗羊两者平均值0.0 034μg/mL,0.0 036μg/mL,最高值分别为0.0 078μg/mL和0.011μg/mL;同时将上述地区羊丙硫咪唑LD50最高值同宁夏地区抗苯并咪唑类虫株相应的LD50值进行了对比,前者的LD50值明显低于后者。结论上述被检地区散养户羊群毛圆科线虫尚不具有抗药性。  相似文献   

Effects of tail amputation and treatment with an albendazole controlled-release capsule on the health and productivity of prime lambs     

Ware JK  Vizard AL  Lean GR 《Australian veterinary journal》2000,78(12):838-842

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of tail amputation and treatment with albendazole controlled-release capsule (CRC) on the health and productivity of prime lambs. DESIGN: Field trials on three farms. ANIMALS: About 551 Coopworth-Poll Dorset cross, 588 Border Leicester-Merino-Poll Dorset cross and 575 Corriedale-Poll Dorset cross lambs. PROCEDURE: On three farms, lambs with amputated tails were compared with an equal number of lambs with tails left entire. In both of these groups half the lambs were treated with an albendazole CRC 13 weeks after the start of lambing. Faecal soiling of the breech and flystrike of the breech were recorded. Lambs were weighed and body condition scored at each visit and carcase weights and fat score of each lamb at slaughter. Procedures on the slaughter chain were monitored to determine whether the retention of the tail caused any problems. RESULTS: There were no observed benefits of treatment with an albendazole CRC on the farms in the study. There was no strong evidence that tail amputation had any long-term effect on the growth rate of lambs or carcase traits. No detrimental effects were observed during processing of lambs with long tails in the abattoir. Lambs with entire tails had significantly greater mean dag scores than lambs with amputated tails. On one farm lambs with entire tails were at about twice the risk of requiring crutching and on another farm were at three times the risk of breech strike compared with lambs with amputated tails. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that amputating the tail is not an absolute requirement to maintain the health and welfare of prime lambs, but leaving the tail of prime lambs entire is likely to increase chemical usage to control flystrike, and to increase the frequency of crutching.  相似文献   

The Effect of Strategic Anthelmintic Treatment on Internal Parasites in Communally Grazed Sheep in a Semi-Arid Area as Reflected in the Faecal Nematode Egg Count     

Bakunzi FR  Serumaga-Zake PA 《Tropical animal health and production》2000,32(5):295-302

Communally grazed sheep were dosed at 4-, 12-, 24- or 48-week intervals for 1 year. Dosing every 4 weeks proved to be the most effective (p<0.05), as reflected in a lower worm egg count compared to the 12-, 24- or 48-week intervals. Since most nematode life cycles lie between 3 and 6 weeks, the treatment has to be given during this critical period if maximum economic advantage is to be gained from deworming. However, treating communally grazed sheep every 12 weeks was found to keep worm egg numbers relatively low and may be advantageous in providing seasonal control, especially in semi-arid environments. Dosing communally grazed sheep once or twice a year under the same conditions is not recommended because reinfection appeared to result in similar faecal egg counts to those from the untreated animals (p>0.05).  相似文献   

A Survey of the Literature (1995–1999) on the Kinetics of Drugs in Camels (Camelus dromedarius)     

Alquarawi AA  Ali BH 《Veterinary research communications》2000,24(4):245-260

Recent publications dealing mainly with the kinetics of antiparasitic and antibacterial agents, NSAIDs, and other drugs in camels are briefly reviewed. The kinetic data for most of these drugs indicated that they have longer absorption and elimination half-lives and slower systemic clearance in the camel compared to other animals. This corroborates earlier reports that suggested that the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes and the capacity to biotransform and eliminate xenobiotics is lower in camels than in other ruminants. There is a clear need to establish basic kinetic data for the camel in order to avoid extrapolation of drug dosage regimens and withdrawal times from data for other animals, as this may result in irrational use of drugs in camels.  相似文献   

A Questionnaire Survey on the Practices Adopted to Control Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasitism in Dairy Goat Farms in France     

Hoste H  Chartier C  Etter E  Goudeau C  Soubirac F  Lefrileux Y 《Veterinary research communications》2000,24(7):459-469

To evaluate the efficacy with which recommendations of means to avoid the spread of anthelmintic resistance in parasitic nematode populations are communicated to farmers on dairy goat farms in France, a questionnaire survey was undertaken on their use of antiparasitic drugs. Information was collected from 73 farms in two main areas of dairy goat production. The data referred to three years. Anthelmintics were used in 69 farms, the mean number of treatments per year being 2.74. Changing the drug from one year to another was not practised. Moreover, of the 58 farms using two or more treatments per year, only 37% used anthelmintics from different classes in the lactation and drying-off periods. Benzimidazoles and probenzimidazoles were given in all except two farms and these substances represented more than 80% of all the treatments. Levamisole/pyrantel or avermectins were used in 15% and 27% of the farms, respectively. Double the ovine dose, as recommended in goats to ensure efficacy of benzimidazoles, was applied in 55% of the farms. In addition, in all the flocks, the substances were given on the basis of a mean estimated live weight and not by reference to the heaviest animal. These results indicate that errors in the use of anthelmintics are still frequent in dairy goat farms in France, with probable consequences for the spread of anthelmintic resistance in the populations of parasites.  相似文献   

Reduced Efficacy of Ivermectin Treatments in Gastrointestinal Nematode Infections of Grazing Cattle in Japan     

Noboru KUDO  Toshiro YOSHIOKA  Yasushi WATANABE  Yuki TERAZONO  Shino TAKENOUCHI  Takuto DONOMOTO  Kensuke NAKAJIMA  Kaori HITOSUGI  Ryusuke TSUKADA  Hiromi IKADAI  Takashi OYAMADA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(11):1487-1491

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A questionnaire study of parasite control in Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses in Australia     

Edwina J. A. Wilkes  Jane Heller  Sharanne L. Raidal  Robert G. Woodgate  Kristopher J. Hughes 《Equine veterinary journal》2020,52(4):547-555

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Livestock Management in Red-Billed Chough Feeding Habitat in Great Britain and the Isle of Man     

《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2020,73(2):216-223

In Great Britain, red-billed chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) breed in discrete populations along the west coast: on Islay and Colonsay, in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland; on the Isle of Man; in Wales; and in Cornwall. Chough are dependent on pastures grazed by sheep or cattle, and their survival therefore depends on sympathetic management of grassland. The Scottish population is in decline, and all other populations are growing or stable. Sixty-three farmers in these regions whose farms were known to support feeding chough were asked questions about their farm management using a structured, questionnaire-based personal interview. Islay farms were significantly larger and had more grazing area, with the lowest stocking densities. Welsh farms had the least cropping area and the smallest number of cattle. Cornwall had the smallest number of sheep per farm. Welsh farms were more likely to not house cattle during winter. Liver fluke in sheep and ticks and tick-borne disease were a higher concern on Islay than other regions, and abortion in sheep was of highest concern on the Isle of Man. Islay farmers applied between 4× and 13× as many synthetic pyrethroid (SP) treatments to cattle per year than farmers at other regions, and the application rate of triclabendazole (TCBZ) to sheep was higher on Islay than other regions. The rate of application of other products, including macrocyclic lactones, did not differ among regions. The study described here shows clear differences in the farm grazing management, in the priority given to animal health problems and in the frequency of application of veterinary parasiticides among four regions that provide feeding habitat for chough in the United Kingdom. These differences suggest that the viability of chough populations might be favored by higher-intensity grazing and low rates of application of veterinary parasiticides of either the TCBZ or SP, or both classes of parasiticides.  相似文献   

The effect of periparturient treatment with fenbendazole on the milk production of cows     

J Tharaldsen  O Helle 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1989,30(3):247-252

Cows and heifers from 22 herds were used in a trial to determine the effect on milk yield of anthelmintic treatment given at calving. Alternate animals were treated with either fenbendazole suspension or a placebo. Cows given fenbendazole showed a mean reduction in milk yield of 221 kg in the subsequent lactation compared with the placebo-treated cows, a difference which was statistically significant. In heifers no significant effect of the treatment was found on milk yield. When looking at the pooled data from both cows and heifers, the reduction in milk yield of the fenbendazole-treated animals was 151 kg, which also was statistically significant. The results indicate that anthelmintic treatment of dairy cows cannot be generally recommended in Norway.  相似文献   

Findings from an ovine parasitological monitoring service provided by a rural veterinary practice in New South Wales,Australia          下载免费PDF全文

MK Kozaruk  R Churchill  PA Windsor 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(4):112-120

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