Prospects for improving potato crop protection against aphid vectors     

Y. Robert 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(Z2):37-45

Conventional ways to control aphid vectors on potato crops rely essentially on cultural and chemical methods. The extensive use of insecticides, too often applied regardless of real needs and consequences, has resulted in more and more failures in both controlling aphids and virus spread. This paper stresses the need to introduce more rationale in the operation of existing methods by improving the efficiency of some of them like forecasting systems, to assess the potential of others like fertilization and semiochemicals and to put most efforts on resistant cultivars so that integrated pest management can be operated in the near future.  相似文献   

关联度分析在农业生态系统技术调控上的应用     

文化  张壬午 《华北农学报》1990,5(3):94-99

农业生态系统是个“灰箱”.我们运用模糊数学的关联度分析,尝试对这类灰色系统的投入进行技术调控,并取得了良好的效果.通过对农田子系统投入的化肥(尤其是N化肥)、粪肥和还田秸秆进行技术调控的实例证明;它可以作为能、物流分析的辅助手段,互相取长补短.通过关联序分析和关联系数分析,来调整系统的投入结构和投入技艺(时、空、量级及方式的选择).本文提出了应用关联度分析的基本程序和要领以及“贡献曲线”、“潜力曲线”等概念.  相似文献   

应用灰色关联度分析法综合评价高羊茅品种初探     

田伯红徐玉鹏  李雅静刘全凤王秀领  赵忠祥王静 《四川草原》2005,(9):18-20,40

应用灰色关联度分析法,对2000～2002年本院引进的13个高羊茅品种的适应性鉴定结果进行评估,其评估结果与品种的实际表现基本一致,说明应用关联度分析法综合评价草坪品种是可行的。分析结果:皇后、贝克、上南都的关联系数与理想品种最接近,是种植高羊茅草坪的首选品种。  相似文献   

Resistance to bifenthrin and resistance mechanisms of different strains of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) from Turkey   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Recep Ay  M. Oktay Gürkan 《Phytoparasitica》2005,33(3):237-244

Nine different strains of the two-spotted spider miteTetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) were collected on cotton from Adana, Antalya, Izmir, Manisa and Urfa in Turkey. Their responses to bifenthrin were investigated using conventional bioassay and biochemical assays. LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of bifenthrin were determined for all strains by using a residual bioassay with a petri dish-spray tower. Resistance ratios were determined by comparing the samples with a standard susceptible strain, GSS. The resistance ratios of the strains ranged from <1 to 669-fold (at LC₅₀). Of the investigated field strains, only three (two from Adana and one from Urfa) were resistant to bifenthrin. There was a correlation between esterase enzyme activity and bifenthrin resistance according to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and microtiter plate assays in the three resistant strains. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 17, 2005.  相似文献   

Growth loss of Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani) stands as related to periodic outbreaks of the cedar shoot moth (Dichelia cedricola)     

Serdar Carus  Mustafa Avcı 《Phytoparasitica》2005,33(1):33-48

An outbreak ofDichelia cedricola (Diakonoff) (Lep.: Tortricidae), the cedar shoot moth (CSM), began in spring 1998 and lasted 3 years. This was the first monitored outbreak of the CSM in Isparta, Turkey. Tree crowns recovered to near normal condition by the middle of each growing season (in early June) during the outbreak. Tree volume and volume element increments were examined throughout the outbreak cycle from 1954 to 2001. In the past, CSM activity in stands of Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) was assessed through radial increment analyses. Cedar tree ring chronologies were analyzed for evidence of the CSM. Tree-ring chronologies from nonhost cedar (nondefoliated sample trees) were used to estimate potential growth in the host cedar (defoliated sample trees) during current and past outbreaks; all trees selected were the same subspecies and varieties. Regional outbreaks of the CSM were identified by synchronous and sustained growth periods of the trees. In 2001, increment cores were collected from 17 host and 16 nonhost dominant or codominant trees and annual radial growth indices from 1954–2001 were calculated for each of two host and two nonhost sample plots. Growth functions were defined as the cumulative sum of radial, height, and volume increment, and were graphically compared between CSM host cedar and nonhost cedar trees. Tree ring evidence suggests that a large-scale outbreak occurred in 1955 (from 1955 to 1966) and a small outbreak occurred in 1985 (1985–1990) and in 1998 (1998-continued) in the study area. The average diameter growth reductions around 1955, 1985 and 1998 were 40%, 46% and 7% of potential, respectively. It was concluded that a narrow latewood band is significant indicator of defoliation by the CSM and the outbreaks appear to be associated with dry winter and spring weather prior to the autumn and winter in which wood feeding occurred. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 24, 2004.  相似文献   

Age-related resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato is associated with the transition to flowering in Arabidopsis and is effective against Peronospora parasitica     

C. Rusterucci  Z. Zhao  K. Haines  D. Mellersh  M. Neumann  R.K. Cameron   《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2005,66(6):120

As plants mature it has been observed that some become more resistant to normally virulent pathogens. The ability to manifest the Age-Related Resistance (ARR) response in Arabidopsis to Pseudomonas syringae pathovars tomato (Pst) coincided with the transition to flowering in plants both delayed and accelerated in the transition to flowering. ARR was also associated with a change in PR-1 gene expression, such that young plants expressed PR-1 abundantly at 3 days post inoculation (dpi) while mature plants expressed much less. The Arabidopsis ARR response requires SA accumulation via isochorismate synthase (ICS1) [24]. ICS1 was expressed one dpi with virulent and avirulent Pst in both young and mature plants. The ARR response was also effective versus avirulent Pst providing an additional 4-fold limitation in bacterial growth. Arabidopsis ARR was found to be ineffective against two necrotrophs, Erwinia carotovora subspecies carotovora (bacterium) and Botrytis cinerea (fungus) and one obligate biotroph, Erysiphe cichoracearum (fungus). However, mature wild type, SA-deficient sid2 and NahG plants supported little growth of the obligate biotrophic oomycete, Peronospora parasitica. Therefore ARR to P. parasitica appears to be SA-independent, however the level of ARR resistance was somewhat reduced in these mutants in some experiments. Thus, there may be numerous defence pathways that contribute to adult plant resistance in Arabidopsis.  相似文献   

Enantioselective degradation kinetics of metalaxyl in rabbits     

Jing Qiu 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2005,83(1):1-8

Metalaxyl [methyl-N-(2′-methoxyacetyl)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-d,l- alaninate] is a potent phenylamide fungicide. The (−)-(R)-isomer accounts for most of the fungicidal activity. A possible stereo and/or enantioselective kinetics of metalaxyl in rabbits was investigated by intravenous injection. The concentrations of (−)-(R)- and (+)-(S)-metalaxyl in plasma, liver, and kidney tissue were determined by HPLC with a cellulose-Tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)-based chiral stationary phase and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. After intravenous administration of racemic metalaxyl (40 mg/kg), the (+)-(S)-enantiomer levels in plasma, liver, and kidney decreased more rapidly than the (−)-(R)-isomer. The area ratio of the (−)-(R)-/(+)-(S)-enantiomer under the concentration-time curve (AUC_0 → ∞) in plasma after drug application was 1.62. The total plasma clearance value of the (+)-(S)-enantiomer was 1.53 and higher than that of the (−)-(R)-enantiomer. The [R]/[S] ratio in plasma was >1 for standard rac-metalaxyl at each time point. The other pharmacokinetic parameters of the enantiomers were also different. The results indicate substantial stereoselectivity in the degradation of metalaxyl enantiomers in rabbits.  相似文献   

食药用菌多糖的提取、分离纯化与结构分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张安强  张劲松  潘迎捷 《食用菌学报》2005,12(2):62-68

随着对食药用菌多糖研究的不断深入，多糖的生物活性引起了人们的广泛关注，揭示多糖的生物活性已显得愈来愈重要。本文综述了食药用菌多糖提取、分离纯化与结构分析方面的技术与方法。  相似文献   

杨属( Populus)黑杨组(Aigeiros)种(品种)间核型比较     

张守攻  齐力旺  韩素英  陈成彬  李秀兰  宋文芹  陈瑞阳 《园艺学报》2005,32(1):70-73

 对杨属黑杨组(Aigeiros) 的15个种(品种) 核型进行了分析, 结果如下: 箭杆杨( Populusnigra var. thevestina) , 2n = 38 = 3M + 29m + 5 sm + 1 st; 盖杨( P. del.cv. ×Lux ×P.×canadensis cv. Shanhaiguanensis) , 2n = 38 = 2M + 27m + 4 sm + 5 st (4SAT) ; 欧美杨107 (P1 ×euram ericana cv. ‘74 /76’) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 29m (1SAT ) + 5 sm + 3 st (3SAT) ; 欧美杨13 ( P. ×euramericana CL 13) , 2n = 38 = 3M + 23m + 6 sm + 3 st (1SAT ) + 3 t (3SAT) ; 加杨( P. ×canadensis Moench) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 27m + 6 sm + 4 st ( 4SAT) ; 辽杨×美洲黑杨(P.maximowiczii Henry ×P.deltoids Bartr. ) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 24m + 9 sm (2SAT ) + 4 st; 中尚8号( P. ×Zhongshangnensis) , 2n = 38 = 4M + 27m (1SAT ) + 2 sm + 3 st (2SAT ) + 2 t; 北京杨( P. ×beijingensis) , 2n = 38 = 3M + 28m + 3 sm + 4 st (2SAT) ; 鲁山杨( P. ×Liaoningensis) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 27m + 3 sm + 6 st (1SAT ) + 1 t (1SAT) ; 廊坊1号( P. CL ‘Langfang 1’) , 2n = 38 = 3M + 28m + 3 sm + 4 st (2SAT) ; 圣山杨(盖杨类) (P. ×gaixianesis) , 2n = 38 = 2M + 27m + 4 sm (1SAT ) + 4 st (3SAT ) + 1 t; 抗- 2 〔P. deltoids CL 2 (GMO) 〕, 2n = 38 = 26m + 7 sm (2SAT ) + 4 st (1SAT ) + 1 t (1SAT) ; 群改3号( P. ×Qungainensis 3) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 27m + 8 st (2SAT ) + 2 t (2SAT) ; 中金2号( P. ×Zhongjinnensis 2) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 18m + 13 sm (1SAT ) + 5 st (2SAT) + 1 t (1SAT) ; 辽宁杨( P. ×eur. cv. San Martino ×P. ×canadensis cv. Shanhaiguanensis) , 2n = 38 = 2M + 26m + 6 sm + 4 st。黑杨各种(品种) 核型均为2B型, 种(品种) 间核型差异主要表现在中部着丝点(M、m) 染色体数目(25～32) 和端部着丝点( st、t) 染色体数目变化(1～6) 上, 核型特征为种(品种) 鉴定提供了一定参考。  相似文献   

采后ASM诱导处理对鸭梨果实黑霉病的控制     

曹建康  姜微波 《园艺学报》2005,32(5):783-787

 Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) 是重要的植物抗病基因诱导剂。鸭梨果实经过负压渗透ASM诱导处理后接种黑霉病(Alternaria alternata) 。结果表明, 0.5 mmol·L ^{- 1} ASM能有效抑制鸭梨果实损伤接种病害和自然侵染病害的发生。ASM处理果实具有较高的苯丙氨酸解氨酶( PAL) 和几丁质酶(CHT) 活性, 积累了较高水平的H₂O₂ 和酚类物质。离体试验表明, ASM不对病原菌生长产生抑制作用。ASM处理对果实病害的抑制作用可能与其增强了果实抗性系统有关。  相似文献