狐狸饲养场环境气载内毒素与细菌气溶胶的研究     

张彬  于晓霞  柴同杰 《农业环境科学学报》2007,26(4):1585-1590

采用AGI-30（All Glass Impinger AGI-30）和Andersen-6空气微生物收集器对泰安市郊不同饲养条件的两狐狸饲养场6个养殖舍的气载内毒素和细菌气溶胶进行了检测,以达到客观地评价气载内毒素和细菌气溶胶对狐狸舍环境的污染及对饲养人员健康的潜在危害.结果表明,两个饲养场气载内毒素的浓度介于2.88×102～2.09×103 EU·m^-3之间和2.41×101～2.66×102 EU·m^-3之间,部分超出了对人体无影响的推荐标准（1.0×102 EU·m^-3）,说明狐狸场饲养人员的健康会受到一定的影响.气载需氧革兰氏阴性菌浓度介于4.07×101～2.03×103 CFU·m^-3之间和4.07×101～4.43×103 CFU·m^-3之间,以大肠杆菌科细菌为主,假单胞菌属和巴斯德氏菌属细菌次之;从革兰氏阴性菌在Andersen-6空气微生物收集器层级上的分布规律看,主要分布在C级（36.9%）,气溶胶颗粒直径在2～6 μm之间,可以进入到动物和人的支气管,甚至细支气管,虽然致病菌的浓度不高,但在一定程度上也增加了狐狸场动物和养殖人员呼吸道疾病发生的可能性.  相似文献   

饲喂水平对冬毛生长期雄性北极狐生产性能、器官发育及机体能量沉积的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

钟伟  孙伟丽  穆琳琳  刘可园  韩菲菲  郭肖兰  张新宇  李光玉 《畜牧兽医学报》2020,51(1):90-98

旨在研究不同饲喂水平对冬毛生长期雄性北极狐生产性能、器官发育及机体能量沉积的影响。本试验选取46只161日龄,平均体重为（7 285±5.77）g健康的雄性北极狐,其中6只北极狐作为试验初屠宰试验对照,另外40只北极狐随机分成4组（每组10个重复,每个重复1只）,分别按照自由采食组（AL,I组）、自由采食量的80%组（IR80,II组）、自由采食量的60%组（IR60,III组）和自由采食量的40%组（IR40,IV组）4个水平饲喂,预饲期7 d,试验期67 d,通过饲养试验、屠宰试验并结合化学分析方法来评定生长性能、毛皮品质、器官发育及机体能量沉积的各项指标。结果表明：1）随饲喂水平降低,平均干物质采食量（ADFI）呈极显著降低（P<0.01）,II组平均日增重（ADG）极显著高于IV组（P<0.01）,显著高于III组（P<0.05）,与I组差异不显著（P>0.05）;饲喂水平对北极狐末重和料重比（F/G）无显著影响（P>0.05）,但II组末重略高于其他组,F/G略低于其他组。2）饲喂水平极显著影响了北极狐鲜皮长（P<0.01）,I组极显著高于III和IV组,与II组无显著差异（P>0.05）;随饲喂水平降低,体长、干皮长、针毛长和绒毛长均呈降低趋势,但各组间均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。3）饲喂水平显著影响了北极狐心脏重和心脏指数（P<0.05或P<0.01）,II组心脏重显著高于III组（P<0.05）,与I组和IV组差异不显著（P>0.05）,IV组心脏指数极显著高于I组（P<0.01）,显著高于III组（P<0.05）,与II组差异不显著（P>0.05）,而饲喂水平对肝、肾、肺和脾重及其脏器指数均无显著影响（P>0.05）。4）随饲喂水平降低,毛皮增重、毛皮脂肪沉积及其能量沉积、毛皮沉积总能量、胴体脂肪沉积及其能量沉积、胴体蛋白沉积及其能量沉积和胴体沉积总能量均呈降低趋势,但饲喂水平对毛皮、胴体能量沉积各项指标均无显著性影响（P>0.05）。采用适当限饲（IR80）不影响冬毛生长期北极狐机体器官的正常发育,能够保证其体重增长及毛皮品质,提高了饲料转化效率,且还降低了机体能量沉积过度带来的肥胖风险。  相似文献   

Optimizing reserve expansion for disjunct populations of San Joaquin kit fox     

Robert G Haight  Brian Cypher  Scott Phillips  Hugh P Possingham 《Biological conservation》2004,117(1):61-72

Expanding habitat protection is a common strategy for species conservation. We present a model to optimize the expansion of reserves for disjunct populations of an endangered species. The objective is to maximize the expected number of surviving populations subject to budget and habitat constraints. The model accounts for benefits of reserve expansion in terms of likelihood of persistence of each population and monetary cost. Solving the model with incrementally higher budgets helps prioritize sites for expansion and produces a cost curve showing funds required for incremental increases in the objective. We applied the model to the problem of allocating funds among eight reserves for the endangered San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica) in California, USA. The priorities for reserve expansion were related to land cost and amount of already-protected habitat at each site. Western Kern and Ciervo-Panoche sites received highest priority because land costs were low and moderate amounts of already-protected habitat resulted in large reductions in extinction risk for small increments of habitat protection. The sensitivity analysis focused on the impacts of kit fox reproductive success and home range in non-native grassland sites. If grassland habitat is lower quality than brushland habitat resulting in higher annual variation in reproductive success or larger home ranges, then protecting habitat at the best grassland site (Ciervo-Panoche) is not cost-efficient relative to shrubland sites (Western Kern, Antelope Plain, Carrizo Plain). Finally, results suggested that lowest priority should be given to three relatively high-cost grassland sites (Camp Roberts, Contra Costa, and Western Madera) because protecting habitat at those sites would be expensive and have little effect on the expected number of surviving kit fox populations.  相似文献   

饲粮蛋白质水平对银黑狐生长性能及氮代谢的影响     

刘凤华  孙伟丽  钟伟  赵家平  李光玉 《动物营养学报》2011,(11):2024-2030

本试验旨在研究不同蛋白质水平的饲粮对银黑狐生长性能、血清生化指标及氮代谢的影响.选取60只9周龄、体重为(3 371.25±527.16)g健康的雄性银黑狐,随机分为5组,每组12个重复,每个重复1只,各组分别饲喂蛋白质水平为37.83％、35.54％、33.22％、30.10％和22.70％的饲粮.预试期12 d,正...  相似文献   

芬兰公蓝狐与地产母蓝狐杂交后代的生产性能   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

邹兴淮  王爱民  邹琦 《经济动物学报》2003,7(3):9-12

对山东潍坊利用芬兰种公蓝狐与地产母蓝狐杂交改良幼狐F1 、F2 代及地产狐自繁所产后代的生长性能进行统计分析。结果表明 ,同龄狐相比较 ,杂F2 代比杂F1 代平均体重高 ,日增重快 ;杂F1 、F2 代幼狐的平均体重、日增重均显著高于地产自繁幼狐 (P <0 0 5 )。  相似文献   

孕马血清促性腺激素对银狐雌性生殖系统发育的影响     

黄建珍  薄清如  甄英凯  崔青山  杨振国 《中国兽医学报》1993,(4)

取25只处于乏情期的雌性银狐,随机分成5个实验组.每只肌注1000IU的孕马血清促性腺激素,然后分5个阶段观察卵巢和子宫的形态结构变化.结果表明,注射孕马血清促性腺激素后,卵巢发育加快,卵泡迅速增大,子宫也快速增长.  相似文献   

毛皮动物肝脾酶水解工艺研究     

赵淑琳  左玉萍  冯成利  吴晓民  李宝山 《经济动物学报》2002,6(4):42-45

研究了人工饲养的毛皮动物———乌苏里貉、北极狐貂的肝、脾的酶水解工艺 ,并对该工艺生产的水解液进行了营养评价  相似文献   

狐阴道加德纳氏菌病研究进展     

李元刚  陈志国 《农业科学研究》2006,27(4):65-67

狐阴道加德纳氏菌病是新发现的一种人畜共患病.近年来随着养狐业的发展,狐阴道加德纳氏菌病在各养狐场大范围流行,给养狐业造成巨大的经济损失.对该病病原学、流行病学、诊断方法、防治技术作了系统的阐述,指出了该病的严重危害以及预防和控制该病中存在的问题.  相似文献   

Presence of Trichinella spiralis in free-living red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Sweden related to trichinella infection in swine and man   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

O Ronéus  D Christensson 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1979,20(4):583-594

One thousand one hundred and fifty-one free-living foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from different parts of Sweden were investigated. Totally 19.6 % were infected with trichinella. Infected foxes were found in all counties except the geographically isolated island of Gotland. In the different counties 6–48 % of investigated foxes were infected.Trichinella was more common in old foxes than in young, 40 % and 11 %, respectively. Regarding male and female, however, the frequency was the same.The number of trichinella per g of muscle varied between 0.05 and 200. Less than 1.0 trichinella larva per g muscle was established in 27.3 % of the foxes, between 1 and 49.9 trichinella larvae in 69.3 % and 50 or more trichinella larvae per g muscle in 3.4 % of the foxes. The number of trichinella larvae per infected fox was roughly the same in both sexes as well as in different age groups.The potential danger of transmitting trichinella from foxes and other carnivores to swine and man is pointed out.The high frequency of trichinella in foxes, 19.6 %, was compared to the very low frequency in swine, 0.00018 %, and in man, 0.00003 %.  相似文献   

Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) as an inert marker in digestibility studies with dogs, blue foxes and mink fed diets containing different protein sources     

Vhile SG  Skrede A  Ahlstrøm O  Hove K 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2007,91(9-10):381-389

The study evaluated the use of yttrium oxide (Y(2)O(3)) as an inert marker in studies of apparent total tract digestibility in dogs, blue foxes and mink. Comparison was made with total faecal collection, and use of chromic oxide (Cr(2)O(3)) as marker respectively. Four experimental diets were added 0.1 g/kg yttrium oxide and 10 g/kg chromic oxide and fed to four animals of each species. Faecal recovery of yttrium oxide was 94.4% (SEM +/- 1.0), and of chromic oxide 105.8% (SEM +/- 1.5). The digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, starch and total carbohydrates obtained by total collection and yttrium oxide as marker showed close similarity, and in most cases not significant differences, independent of species and diets. In dogs, overall digestibilities of main nutrients with chromic oxide as marker were not significantly different from overall means obtained with yttrium oxide (p > 0.05). Overall digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and total carbohydrates in blue foxes and mink was significantly higher with chromic oxide than with yttrium oxide (p < 0.05). In dogs and blue foxes, digestibilities of individual amino acids determined by use of yttrium oxide were not different from values obtained using total collection of faeces, both within diets and for overall mean (p > 0.05). Overall amino acid digestibilities in dogs determined with chromic oxide as marker were similar to corresponding figures for yttrium oxide, whereas use of chromic oxide resulted in significantly higher digestibilites for a number of amino acids compared with yttrium oxide in foxes and mink (p < 0.05). The digestibilities of most main nutrients and amino acids revealed no interaction between diet and method (p > 0.05). The study showed that yttrium oxide can be used in low concentration in the feed, and allows high accuracy of analyses and thereby precise digestibility determination. It is concluded that yttrium oxide is an alternative inert marker to chromic oxide in the studied species.  相似文献