虾青素合成关键酶基因bkt植物表达载体的构建 及对玉米的遗传转化     

徐静  曲延英  杨庆利  禹山林  檀琮萍  侯艳华  秦松 《勤云标准版测试》2006,(8)

虾青素是一种具有极强抗氧化活性的类胡萝卜素,具有广泛的应用价值。β-胡萝卜素酮化酶(Bkt)是由玉米黄素合成虾青素生物合成途径中的关键酶。采用LaTaqDNA聚合酶用PCR的方法从pET-28a( )bkt中扩增得到bkt基因,用bkt基因替换pBI221中的GUS基因形成含有CaMV35S启动子和NOS终止子的bkt基因表达盒,然后插入植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301的多克隆位点,最终获得带有选择标记和报告基因的植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301-bkt。通过农杆菌LBA4404介导将其转化进入玉米自交系齐319,转化后的愈伤经GUS组织化学染色分析表明bkt基因已经转入玉米胚性愈伤组织。  相似文献   

Microalgae as sources of carotenoids   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Guedes AC  Amaro HM  Malcata FX 《Marine drugs》2011,9(4):625-644

Marine microalgae constitute a natural source of a variety of drugs for pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic applications-which encompass carotenoids, among others. A growing body of experimental evidence has confirmed that these compounds can play important roles in prevention (and even treatment) of human diseases and health conditions, e.g., cancer, cardiovascular problems, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, muscular dystrophy, cataracts and some neurological disorders. The underlying features that may account for such favorable biological activities are their intrinsic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumoral features. In this invited review, the most important issues regarding synthesis of carotenoids by microalgae are described and discussed-from both physiological and processing points of view. Current gaps of knowledge, as well as technological opportunities in the near future relating to this growing field of interest, are also put forward in a critical manner.  相似文献   

超临界CO2萃取南美白对虾虾青素的工艺优化   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨霞  张志胜  郑乾魏  祖铁红  淑英 《农业工程学报》2013,29(25):294-300

为提高虾青素萃取物得率和虾青素纯度,采用超临界CO2萃取南美白对虾虾头废弃物中的虾青素,皂化后用高效液相色谱对虾青素含量进行测定。单因素试验确定萃取参数对虾青素萃取物得率和虾青素纯度的影响,然后进一步运用响应面法对萃取工艺参数进行优化。结果表明：超临界CO2萃取工艺参数对虾青素萃取物得率影响不显著（P＞0.05）,但对虾青素纯度影响显著（P＜0.05）;物料粒径40目,质量含水率9%时,响应面理论优化最佳萃取参数为萃取压力403.95 Pa,萃取温度39.95℃,CO2流量1.16 L/min,虾青素纯度为796.3 mg/g。结合实际应用,验证试验在萃取压力400 Pa,萃取温度40℃,流量1.2 L/min时,虾青素纯度为789.61 mg/g。研究结果可为虾青素的提取和纯化提供参考。  相似文献   

Astaxanthin Attenuates the Apoptosis of Retinal Ganglion Cells in db/db Mice by Inhibition of Oxidative Stress     

Ling-Yan Dong  Jie Jin  Gao Lu  Xiao-Li Kang 《Marine drugs》2013,11(3):960-974

Diabetic retinopathy is a common diabetic eye disease caused by changes in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). It is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease, which affects up to 80% of all patients who have had diabetes for 10 years or more. The genetically diabetic db/db mouse, as a model of type-2 diabetes, shows diabetic retinopathy induced by apoptosis of RGCs. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with powerful antioxidant properties that exists naturally in various plants, algae and seafood. Here, astaxanthin was shown to reduce the apoptosis of RGCs and improve the levels of oxidative stress markers, including superoxide anion, malondialdehyde (MDA, a marker of lipid peroxidation), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, indicator of oxidative DNA damage) and MnSOD (manganese superoxide dismutase) activity in the retinal tissue of db/db mouse. In addition, astaxanthin attenuated hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂)-induced apoptosis in the transformed rat retinal ganglion cell line RGC-5. Therefore, astaxanthin may be developed as an antioxidant drug to treat diabetic retinopathy.  相似文献   

Effect of Astaxanthin on Human Sperm Capacitation     

Gabriella Donà  Ivana Ko?uh  Anna Maria Brunati  Alessandra Andrisani  Guido Ambrosini  Guglielmo Bonanni  Eugenio Ragazzi  Decio Armanini  Giulio Clari  Luciana Bordin 《Marine drugs》2013,11(6):1909-1919

In order to be able to fertilize oocytes, human sperm must undergo a series of morphological and structural alterations, known as capacitation. It has been shown that the production of endogenous sperm reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a key role in causing cells to undergo a massive acrosome reaction (AR). Astaxanthin (Asta), a photo-protective red pigment belonging to the carotenoid family, is recognized as having anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties and is present in many dietary supplements. This study evaluates the effect of Asta in a capacitating buffer which induces low ROS production and low percentages of acrosome-reacted cells (ARC). Sperm cells were incubated in the presence or absence of increasing concentrations of Asta or diamide (Diam) and analyzed for their ROS production, Tyr-phosphorylation (Tyr-P) pattern and percentages of ARC and non-viable cells (NVC). Results show that Asta ameliorated both sperm head Tyr-P and ARC values without affecting the ROS generation curve, whereas Diam succeeded in enhancing the Tyr-P level but only of the flagellum without increasing ARC values. It is suggested that Asta can be inserted in the membrane and therefore create capacitation-like membrane alteration which allow Tyr-P of the head. Once this has occurred, AR can take place and involves a higher numbers of cells.  相似文献   

Molecular Mechanisms of Astaxanthin as a Potential Neurotherapeutic Agent     

Eshak I. Bahbah  Sherief Ghozy  Mohamed S. Attia  Ahmed Negida  Talha Bin Emran  Saikat Mitra  Ghadeer M. Albadrani  Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim  Md. Sahab Uddin  Jesus Simal-Gandara 《Marine drugs》2021,19(4)

Neurological disorders are diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system that affect millions of people, and the numbers are rising gradually. In the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, the roles of many signaling pathways were elucidated; however, the exact pathophysiology of neurological disorders and possible effective therapeutics have not yet been precisely identified. This necessitates developing multi-target treatments, which would simultaneously modulate neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. The present review aims to explore the potential therapeutic use of astaxanthin (ASX) in neurological and neuroinflammatory diseases. ASX, a member of the xanthophyll group, was found to be a promising therapeutic anti-inflammatory agent for many neurological disorders, including cerebral ischemia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, autism, and neuropathic pain. An effective drug delivery system of ASX should be developed and further tested by appropriate clinical trials.  相似文献   

Shrimp Oil Extracted from Shrimp Processing By-Product Is a Rich Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Astaxanthin-Esters,and Reveals Potential Anti-Adipogenic Effects in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes     

Indrayani Phadtare  Hitesh Vaidya  Kelly Hawboldt  Sukhinder Kaur Cheema 《Marine drugs》2021,19(5)

The province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, generates tons of shrimp processing by-product every year. Shrimp contains omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and astaxanthin (Astx), a potent antioxidant that exists in either free or esterified form (Astx-E). In this study, shrimp oil (SO) was extracted from the shrimp processing by-product using the Soxhlet method (hexane:acetone 2:3). The extracted SO was rich in phospholipids, n-3 PUFA, and Astx-E. The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated to mature adipocytes in the presence or absence of various treatments for 8 days. The effects of SO were then investigated on fat accumulation, and the mRNA expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. The effects of fish oil (FO), in combination with Astx-E, on fat accumulation, and the mRNA expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis were also investigated. The SO decreased fat accumulation, compared to untreated cells, which coincided with lower mRNA expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes. However, FO and FO + Astx-E increased fat accumulation, along with increased mRNA expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes, and glucose transporter type 4 (Glut-4), compared to untreated cells. These findings have demonstrated that the SO is a rich source of n-3 PUFA and Astx-E, and has the potential to elicit anti-adipogenic effects. Moreover, the SO and FO appear to regulate adipogenesis and lipogenesis via independent pathways in 3T3-L1 cells.  相似文献   

Dietary carotenoids regulate astaxanthin content of copepods and modulate their susceptibility to UV light and copper toxicity     

MJ Caramujo  CC de Carvalho  SJ Silva  KR Carman 《Marine drugs》2012,10(5):998-1018

High irradiation and the presence of xenobiotics favor the formation of reactive oxygen species in marine environments. Organisms have developed antioxidant defenses, including the accumulation of carotenoids that must be obtained from the diet. Astaxanthin is the main carotenoid in marine crustaceans where, among other functions, it scavenges free radicals thus protecting cell compounds against oxidation. Four diets with different carotenoid composition were used to culture the meiobenthic copepod Amphiascoides atopus to assess how its astaxanthin content modulates the response to prooxidant stressors. A. atopus had the highest astaxanthin content when the carotenoid was supplied as astaxanthin esters (i.e., Haematococcus meal). Exposure to short wavelength UV light elicited a 77% to 92% decrease of the astaxanthin content of the copepod depending on the culture diet. The LC(50) values of A. atopus exposed to copper were directly related to the initial astaxanthin content. The accumulation of carotenoids may ascribe competitive advantages to certain species in areas subjected to pollution events by attenuating the detrimental effects of metals on survival, and possibly development and fecundity. Conversely, the loss of certain dietary items rich in carotenoids may be responsible for the amplification of the effects of metal exposure in consumers.  相似文献   

Pigmentation and spectral absorbance signatures in deep-water corals from the Trondheimsfjord, Norway     

AC Elde  R Pettersen  P Bruheim  J Järnegren  G Johnsen 《Marine drugs》2012,10(6):1400-1411

The pigmentation and corresponding in vivo and in vitro absorption characteristics in three different deep-water coral species: white and orange Lophelia pertusa, Paragorgia arborea and Primnoa resedaeformis, collected from the Trondheimsfjord are described. Pigments were isolated and characterized by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (LC-TOF MS). The main carotenoids identified for all three coral species were astaxanthin and a canthaxanthin-like carotenoid. Soft tissue and skeleton of orange L. pertusa contained 2 times more astaxanthin g(-1) wet weight compared to white L. pertusa. White and orange L. pertusa were characterized with in vivo absorbance peaks at 409 and 473 nm, respectively. In vivo absorbance maxima for P. arborea and P. resedaeformis was typically at 475 nm. The shapes of the absorbance spectra (400-700 nm) were species-specific, indicated by in vivo, in vitro and the corresponding difference spectra. The results may provide important chemotaxonomic information for pigment when bonded to their proteins in vivo, bio-prospecting, and for in situ identification, mapping and monitoring of corals.  相似文献   

Astaxanthin treatment reduced oxidative induced pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion in U937: SHP-1 as a novel biological target     

Speranza L  Pesce M  Patruno A  Franceschelli S  de Lutiis MA  Grilli A  Felaco M 《Marine drugs》2012,10(4):890-899

It has been suggested that oxidative stress activates various intracellular signaling pathways leading to secretion of a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. SHP-1 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) which acts as a negative regulator of immune cytokine signaling. However, intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), generated endogenously upon stimulation and exogenously from environmental oxidants, has been known to be involved in the process of intracellular signaling through inhibiting various PTPs, including SHP-1. In this study, we investigated the potential role of astaxanthin, an antioxidant marine carotenoid, in re-establishing SHP-1 negative regulation on pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion in U-937 cell line stimulated with oxidative stimulus. ELISA measurement suggested that ASTA treatment (10 μM) reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) induced through H(2)O(2), (100 μM). Furthermore, this property is elicited by restoration of basal SHP-1 protein expression level and reduced NF-κB (p65) nuclear expression, as showed by western blotting experiments.  相似文献