黑龙江省不同类型肉牛舍冬季环境的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

栾冬梅  赵靖  冯春燕  马春宇  黄增援  樊金勇 《东北农业大学学报》2011,42(6):66-70

对2个规模化肉牛育肥基地具有代表性的4种育肥牛舍的温热环境及CO2浓度进行了测定。测定结果表明,黑龙江省冬季的肉牛舍普遍存在着气温低、湿度高、空气质量差等问题。同时进一步分析表明,外围护结构保温隔热能力差、通风换气系统设计不完善、环境管理措施不力是造成这些问题的主要原因,而采用挤塑板为屋顶保温材料、冬季用塑料膜封闭敞开...  相似文献   

牛肉酶解条件和饮料加工技术研究     

徐怀德  段旭昌  提高兰 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,31(Z1):89-92

采用酶解技术和发酵技术,对酶解牛肉蛋白饮料的生产工艺进行了研究。正交试验结果表明,在胃蛋白酶酶浓度(与底物之比)为8g/kg,温度35℃,pH2.5条件下水解3h,水解后游离氨基酸含量由原来的10.7mg/kg增加到14.7mg/kg,变化不明显;木瓜蛋白酶在酶浓度(与底物之比)为8g/kg,温度60℃,pH7条件下水解4h,水解后游离氨基酸含量由原来的10.7mg/kg增加到40.1mg/kg,增加了将近4倍。对比试验结果说明,木瓜蛋白酶比胃蛋白酶更适于牛肉酶解。酶解后的水解液接入30g/kg的嗜热链球菌(S.t)和保加利亚杆菌(L.b)发酵2h过滤后,酶解液风味得到明显改善,并产生了特殊的发酵风味,适于做保健饮品。牛肉饮料配方:牛肉酶解发酵过滤液80g/kg,麦芽糖30g/kg,蔗糖45g/kg,乳化稳定剂3g/kg,柠檬酸等酸味调节剂和香精适量,调pH为3.8～4.0。产品符合牛肉饮料标准和国家相关标准。  相似文献   

Effects of replacing timothy silage by alsike clover silage on performance,carcass traits and meat quality of finishing Aberdeen Angus and Nordic Red bulls          下载免费PDF全文

A. Huuskonen  M. Pesonen  M. Honkavaara 《Grass and Forage Science》2017,72(2):220-233

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of silage plant species and cattle breed on performance and meat quality of finishing bulls. A feeding experiment was conducted using thirty Aberdeen Angus (AA) and thirty Nordic Red (NR) bulls. Both breeds were randomly allotted to three experimental diets. The composition (g kg^?1 dry matter) of the diets was as follows: (i) timothy silage (TS) (650) and barley (350); (ii) TS (325), alsike clover silage (AS) (325) and barley (350); and (iii) AS (650) and barley (350). The bulls were fed a total mixed ration ad libitum. Replacing TS by AS did not affect dry‐matter intake, growth, carcass conformation or meat quality traits of the bulls, but carcass fat score tended to decrease when replacing TS by AS (P = 0·07). The AA bulls grew faster and had better feed conversion and superior carcass conformation compared with the NR bulls (P < 0·001). The loin of the AA bulls had lower shear force value and was given higher scores in sensory analyses compared with the NR bulls (P < 0·01). The experiment demonstrated that replacing TS by AS in the diet of finishing bulls had minor effects on performance or meat quality.  相似文献   

基于深度学习的牛肉大理石花纹等级手机评价系统   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

赵鑫龙  彭彦昆  李永玉  王亚丽  赵苗 《农业工程学报》2020,36(13):250-256

大理石花纹是影响牛肉品质等级的重要指标,目前中国牛肉加工企业对大理石花纹的评价是由专业分级人员参照标准图谱完成,具有主观性强、耗费人工的缺点。针对上述问题,该研究提出了基于深度学习的智能分级方法,设计一种具有4层卷积的神经网络结构,实现了大理石花纹特征的自动提取,并基于智能手机开发了牛肉大理石花纹检测软件。该研究共采集样本图像1 800张,按3:1:1分为校正集、验证集和测试集。为进一步验证模型,将该方法与传统机器视觉方法进行了比较,提取了牛肉大理石花纹的大、中、小脂肪颗粒个数,脂肪总面积和脂肪分布均匀度5个参数,并建立了多元线性回归模型。试验结果表明,该研究所用方法大理石花纹检测准确率更高,验证集检测正确率为97.67%。最后编写了手机软件,将模型移植入Android手机,在手机平台上调用模型进行大理石花纹检测。试验表明,该软件对测试集样本的检测准确率为95.56%,单张检测时间低于0.5 s。该研究结合卷积神经网络分类能力强和智能手机运行速度快等优点,开发了牛肉大理石花纹的手机评价系统,具有较好的实用性和便携性,可提高牛肉大理石花纹检测效率,有助于提高农畜产品检测的智能化水平。  相似文献   

Development of X-ray computed tomography for live standing cattle     

Toshihiro NADE  Kazuhisa FUJITA  Masashi FUJII  Masaya YOSHIDA  Teikichi HARYU  Satsuki MISUMI  Toshiaki OKUMURA 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(5):513-517

An X‐ray computed tomography (CT) system for live standing cattle was developed for studying the meat yield, carcass composition and so on. The gantry contained three X‐ray tubes and detectors that corresponded to each X‐ray tube. The system was able to operate while the animal remained standing. The scan area had a diameter of 900 mm. The Musculus longissimus and Musculus trapezius areas, and the back fat thickness in the CT image were evaluated and compared to the actual cross‐section of the carcass using eight cattle. The differences among the muscles, and the subcutaneous and intermuscular fat were easily recognized. The correlation coefficient between the CT image and the actual carcass photograph of the M. longissimus area and the back fat thickness was high (r = 0.84, r = 0.93, P < 0.01). The present study demonstrated that muscle, fat and bone can be clearly imaged from a live standing animal using X‐ray equipment.  相似文献   

Differences between carcass grades in some morphological, behavioral and physiological measurements at early and middle stages of fattening in crossbred steers     

Katsuji UETAKE  Toshie ISHIWATA  Naoshige ABE  Yusuke EGUCHI  Toshio TANAKA 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(6):581-586

The differential variables for carcass grades were identified from morphological, behavioral and physiological measurements of young steers at a commercial farm. Thirty‐five Japanese Black × Holstein steers aged 6–10 months were randomly assigned to three pens. The steers had free access to ryegrass hay and a restricted amount of concentrate diet for the first 6 months of trial. They were then given oat straw ad libitum and an additional concentrate diet until slaughter. Behavioral observations (15 categories) were carried out once every 2 weeks for 2 h after feeding. Bodyweight was measured, blood sampled (for seven metabolic hormones and five metabolites), ultrasonic scanning conducted and physical measurements taken (10 parts for each animal) in months 1, 3 and 5 (early fattening stage, EFS) and in months 7, 9 and 11 (middle fattening stage, MFS) of the trial. Temperament scores during these procedures, entry order into restraint stalls, social rank and average daily gain were also assessed. A factor analysis and one‐way anova were used to identify clusters of variables which had different factor scores between carcass grades. As for the carcass yields, a cluster of chest girth and depth, bodyweight, withers and hip height, and rump length (P < 0.01), and a cluster of the frequency of scratching the body with facilities (P < 0.05) were identified as differential variables in the EFS. In the MFS, a cluster of concentrations of cortisol and epinephrine, and the frequency of eating straw were identified (P < 0.10). As for the carcass quality grade, a cluster of social rank, triglyceride concentration and the frequencies of stand‐chewing cud and eating hay, and a cluster of the frequency of investigating facilities (both P < 0.10) were identified in the EFS. In the MFS, a cluster of hip height, bodyweight, cannon circumference, chest depth, withers height and chest girth, and a cluster of the frequencies of eating a concentrate diet and stand‐chewing the cud, and social rank (both P < 0.10) were identified. In conclusion, bodyweight, chest girth and depth, withers and hip height were identified as good differential variables for future carcass grades of young steers. Facility enrichment that encourages steers to eat hay in the EFS, and to eat a concentrate diet in and after the MFS would be effective in upgrading carcass grades. High incidence of investigating and scratching the body with facilities and stand‐chewing the cud might lead to lower carcass grades.  相似文献   

提高晋南牛肉用性能的杂交组合研究（二报）：杂交一代与晋南牛肥育性能测定     

李振京  谭年年 《中国牛业科学》1996,22(3):17-21

平均15月龄的夏晋、西晋、利晋杂交1代和晋南阉牛各4头，按美国NRC肉牛营养标准配合日粮，经100天育肥后屠宰（约18月龄）测定其肉用性能。复晋、西晋、利晋和晋南牛平均日增重分别是904．5±9．12，838．5±6.2，824．3±3．29和618．7±16．6克；每增重1千克活重消耗总可消化养分6．11，7.01，7.15和7.83千克；消耗粗蛋白质846．7，931．1，949．1和1047.9克；宰前活重分别为421．5±7.94，412，0±7．53，404.3±10．52和318．0±11．63千克；屠宰率平均分别为57．5．56．96，55．97和51．69％；肉骨比分别为4．65，4．35．5．12和4．1；体腔脂肪总重分别为15．85，11．15，11．70和17.35千克。结果表明，杂交牛肉用性能均有较大提高。  相似文献   

杂交肉牛不同年龄,营养水平的肥育效果研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

吴乃科  马金柱  候庭芳  张荣勋  李成友 《中国牛业科学》1996,22(3):22-26

利用利木赞与本地牛杂交一代7～8月龄公犊12头，10～11月龄公牛12头，供给日增重0．9千克，1．2千克和1．5千克营养水平的日粮，经120天肥育，结果表明：7～8月龄和10～11月龄高营养水平组平均日增重分别为1．274±0．06千克和1．340±0．15千克；7～8月龄组对不同营养水平敏感，各组间差异极显著（P＜0．01）；产肉性能以高营养水平组最好，屠宰率62．4％，净肉率52．98％，眼肌面积91平方厘米。  相似文献   

Effect of regular walking exercise on glucose tolerance and insulin response to i.v. glucose infusion in growing beef steers     

Yasuhiro AOKI  Tomoya YAMADA  Naoto NAKANISHI 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(2):173-179

The purpose of the present paper was to investigate the effect of regular walking exercise on glucose tolerance and insulin response to i.v. glucose infusion in growing beef steers. Four crossbred beef steers walked on a treadmill during a 6 week exercise period (1.2 km/h, 1 h/day and 5 days/week). The changes in plasma glucose and insulin levels following glucose infusion were analyzed immediately prior to (bodyweight: 260.4 ± 24.2 kg) and after (295.7 ± 30.1 kg) the exercise period. The basal levels of plasma glucose (86.4 vs. 82.0 mg/dL, P = 0.040) and insulin (24.5 vs. 14.3 μU/mL, P = 0.016) were significantly lower after the exercise period. Further, the increase in the levels of plasma glucose (420.4 vs. 280.8 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and insulin (94.5 vs. 73.1 μU/mL, P = 0.028) following the glucose infusion decreased after the exercise period. The area under the curve of plasma glucose (108.8 vs. 62.9 mg/dL per min, P < 0.001) and insulin (53.6 vs. 29.7 μU/mL per min, P = 0.018) indicated more rapid clearance of exogenous glucose and less insulin secretion for glucose clearance after the exercise period. These results suggest that regular exercise improves glucose tolerance, with lower insulin response to glucose infusion in growing steers, as observed in rodents and humans.  相似文献   

Evaluating environmental impacts of the Japanese beef cow–calf system by the life cycle assessment method     

Akifumi OGINO  Hideki ORITO  Kazuhiro SHIMADA  Hiroyuki HIROOKA 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(4):424-432

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the environmental impacts of a beef cow–calf system using a life cycle assessment (LCA) method and to investigate the effects of scenarios to reduce environmental impacts on the LCA results. The functional unit was defined as one marketed beef calf, and the processes associated with the cow–calf life cycle, such as feed production, feed transport, animal management, the biological activity of the animal and the treatment of cattle waste were included in the system boundary. The present results showed that the total contributions of one beef calf throughout its life cycle to global warming, acidification, eutrophication and energy consumption were 4550 kg of CO₂ equivalents, 40.1 kg of SO₂ equivalents, 7.0 kg of phosphate (PO₄) equivalents and 16.1 GJ, respectively. The contribution of each process to the total environmental impact in each environmental impact category showed a similar tendency to the contribution of each process in each environmental category reported in the case of the beef fattening system as a whole. The results from this analysis showed that shortening calving intervals by 1 month reduced environmental impacts by 5.7–5.8% in all the environmental impact categories examined in the current study, and increasing the number of calves per cow also reduced environmental impacts in all the categories, although the effects were smaller.  相似文献