犊牛功能性饲料添加剂的研制及其应用效果     

王欢  周明  李泽阳  申书婷 《安徽农业大学学报》2015,42(2):213-217

研究2种功能性饲料添加剂对犊牛增重、血液生化指标和养分消化率的影响。选取健康状况良好、体重差异较小的中国西门塔尔杂交犊牛18头,将其分为3组,即对照组、试验1组和试验2组,每组6头牛。对照组牛被喂以牛场现行日粮,在牛场现行日粮中分别加20 g牛膝制剂和20 g BEM复配剂后,相应地饲喂试验1组和试验2组的牛。饲养试验期35 d。结果表明,试验2组(BEM复配剂组)犊牛增重显著地(P0.05)快于对照组;试验1组(牛膝制剂组)犊牛增重与对照组比较,有加快的趋势。试验1和2组犊牛血清中GPT活性、TG含量分别显著地(P0.05)和极显著地(P0.01)低于对照组;试验1和2组犊牛血清中TP、Ig G含量分别显著地(P0.05)和极显著地(P0.01)高于对照组。在犊牛日粮中添加BEM复配剂,可显著地(P0.05)或极显著地(P0.01)提高犊牛对无氮浸出物、粗纤维、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、钙和磷的消化率。牛膝制剂和BEM复配剂都可作为肉用犊牛的功能性饲料添加剂,其中后者应用效果更好。  相似文献   

牛肉变质过程中微生物区系变化研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

贾英民  王玲  马爱进  田益玲  孙纪录  桑亚新 《河北农业大学学报》2002,25(1):66-68

微生物是引起牛肉变质的主要因素。未包装肉在 4℃条件下冷藏 7d后变质 ,表面带菌量达 3.3× 10 8个·cm-2 ,内部为 6 .8× 10 7个·g-1。保藏过程中微生物区系变化表现为革兰氏阴性杆菌上升 ,革兰氏阳性球菌下降 ,革兰氏阳性杆菌基本不变 ,变质时菌系变得简单。普通真空包装在 4℃条件下保存 3周后带菌量内外分别为 1.7× 10 7个·cm-2 和 1.8× 10 7个·g-1。在保藏过程中革兰氏阳性杆菌比例上升 ,革兰氏阴性杆菌上升不显著 ,革兰氏阳性球菌比例下降  相似文献   

肉牛宰后成熟阶段与食用品质相关指标的分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

吴海波  方黎明  薛兵  武军 《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2002,14(2):77-81

通过测定宰后牛肉在不同时间内不同部位小片化指数、剪切力的变化数值,采用相关的方法得出:成熟时间对超微结构的改变起重要作用,肉牛宰后成熟时间应在5～6 d,肉牛胴体各部位间剪切力存在显著差异。  相似文献   

全混合日粮营养水平对肉牛育肥效果的影响     

罗晓瑜  陈志强  何立荣  李爱华  张凌青  封元 《饲料工业》2011,32(17)

采用完全随机单位组设计方法,设计并开展试验,评价TMR营养水平对肉牛增重效果、产肉性能和经济效益的影响,结果表明:提高TMR营养水平可以提高肉牛日增重8.79%、采食速度、降低采食量0.65%;可以改善屠宰性能,提高肉牛屠宰率0.47%、净肉率1.28%、胴体产肉率1.46%及优质切块肉的比重;可以提高饲料报酬;两种经济效益分别提高159.53元、385.79元。综合以上结果得出,提高TMR营养水平可以提高肉牛增重效果、产肉性能及经济效益。  相似文献   

赤峰市优质肉牛饲养管理技术规程的应用     

敖门达来  韩晓华  李志明  林在隆 《畜牧与饲料科学》2011,32(5)

优质肉牛产业化在内蒙古赤峰市畜牧业发展中占有重要地位。肉牛业的发展对于调整优化畜牧业结构、增加农牧民收入、振兴国民经济等都有着非常重要的现实意义。《赤峰市优质肉牛饲养管理技术规程》是指导农牧民进行肉牛养殖的科学性、规范性、可操作性的技术规程,该规程有利于肉牛业可持续、健康、稳定发展,可以更好地推广应用肉牛饲养管理、繁殖改良、饲料调制、育肥等技术,可加快肉牛产业化、规模化、集约化、现代化发展的进程。  相似文献   

Sustainable Management of Nutrients in Forage-Based Pasture Soils: Effect of Animal Congregation Sites (5 pp)     

Gilbert Sigua  Samuel Coleman 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2006,6(4):249-253

Background, Aim and Scope   Grazing animals have a dominant effect on the movement and utilization of nutrients through the soil and plant system, and thus on the fertility of pasture soils. Grazing can accelerate and alter the timing of nutrient transfers, and increase the amount of nutrients cycled from plant to soil. Long periods, position of shade, and water resources for grazing cattle can influence the spatial distribution of soil biochemical properties including soil organic carbon (C), total extractable inorganic nitrogen (TEIN), and Melich 1 extractable total phosphorus (TP). The objective of this study is to test whether cattle congregation sites typical on most Florida ranches, such as mineral feeders, water troughs, and shade areas are more nutrient-rich and may contribute more nutrients to surface and groundwater supply than in other pasture locations under Florida conditions. Materials and Methods: Baseline soil samples around and beneath three congregations sites in established (>10 yr) grazed beef cattle pastures at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Subtropical Agricultural Research Station (STARS), Brooksville, FL, were collected in 2003, 2004, and 2005. Results: The levels of soil TEIN and TP were significantly (p ≤ 0.001) affected by the interaction of congregation sites and distance away from the center of the sites. Mineral feeders had the highest concentration of TP followed by shades and water troughs. The concentrations of soil TP decreased almost linearly with distance (x = meter) away from the center of the mineral feeders (-5.24x + 55.10; R2 = 0.92; p ≤ 0.001) and the shades (-6.25x + 57.21; R2 = 0.85; p ≤ 0.001). However, the level of TP around the water troughs (-0.25x + 16.91; R2 = 0.09) does not appear to change significantly with distance, staying close to about 13-18 mg kg-1. The levels of TEIN decreased linearly with distance away from the mineral feeders from the center of the shades. A linear model can describe the relationship between TEIN and distance away from the center of shades: -11.3x + 78.2; R2 = 0.95; p ≤ 0.001. The shaded sites (34.25 ± 1.7 mg kg-1) had higher levels than the mineral feeders (7.22 ± 0.60 mg kg-1) or water troughs (10.06 ± 0.8 mg kg-1) sites. Discussion: The higher soil TP near and around the mineral feeders can be attributed to the presence of phosphorus in the supplemental feeds. The average level of soil TP in the mineral feeders of 34.05 ± 0.44 mg kg-1 was not high enough to be of environmental concern. Losses of soil phosphorus by overland flow are becoming a big concern when the concentrations for soil phosphorus exceeded 150 mg kg-1 in the upper 20 cm of soils. With TN, the shaded sites (34.25 ± 1.7 mg kg-1) had either higher levels than the mineral feeders (7.22 ± 0.60 mg kg-1) or water trough (10.06 ± 0.80 mg kg-1) sites. Higher TEIN content at the shade sites may have been more likely due to frequent urination of animals and lack of vegetation immediately adjacent to shades. The lack of vegetation within and/or near the shades then had no uptake mechanism for removal of inorganic nitrogen, unlike the heavy demand for inorganic nitrogen by bahiagrass in other areas of the pasture. An accumulation of TEIN immediately adjacent to shades could lead to a potential point source that would be susceptible to leaching or gaseous losses to the environment. Conclusions: Early results of the study are suggesting that cattle congregation sites in beef cattle operations in Florida are not nutrient-rich, therefore may not contribute more nutrients to surface and groundwater supply under Florida conditions. Recommendations and Perspectives: Since there is no apparent vertical build up or horizontal movement of TEIN and TP in the landscape, we can then surmise that cattle congregation sites may be considered not a potential source of nutrients at the watershed level, at least on the sand ridge soils in Florida. Further research is continuing, including sampling at cattle congregation sites at other locations in north and south Florida, which started in July 2004.  相似文献   

花生壳和麦秸用于饲养肉牛的营养价值和化学处理   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高腾云  王艳玲  惠参军  郭金玲  唐桂芬 《农业工程学报》2001,17(1):114-118

为了评定花生壳、麦秸和花生壳-麦秸型典型肉牛日粮的营养价值，分析了粗饲料和日粮的营养成分，以3只瘤胃瘘管山羊和尼龙袋技术评价了粗饲料和日粮中干物质和粗蛋白质的瘤胃降解率，以5头肉牛进行了日粮消化率测定；对花生壳和麦秸分别进行氨化处理和综合化学处理，以不同组的肉牛进行60 d的饲养试验，比较氨化处理以及综合化学处理对粗饲料饲养效果的影响。结果表明，花生壳中粗纤维含量高于麦秸，花生壳和麦秸中粗蛋白质含量低、干物质降解率高而粗蛋白质降解率低；以花生壳和麦秸为主要成分的典型肉牛日粮，干物质和粗蛋白质的降解率高且稳定，其干物质、粗蛋白质和粗纤维的消化率分别为44.60%, 61.88% 和30.41%。以3.5%的尿素氨化处理花生壳及麦秸对肉牛具有良好的饲养育肥效果；对花生壳以3.5%的尿素和4%的Ca(OH)₂进行综合化学处理，其效果优于单纯的氨化处理。  相似文献   

牛类胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白3基因PCR-SSCP分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高雪  徐秀容  许尚忠  任红艳  张英汉 《农业生物技术学报》2006,14(4):474-477

采用PCR-SSCP技术分析了牛类胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白3(IGFBP3)基因在南阳牛、鲁西牛和中国西门塔尔牛3个牛品种中的遗传多态性。结果表明:IGFBP3的第3外显子不存在遗传多态性;第2外显子在3个牛品种中检测到了AA、AB和BB基因型,而且A等位基因为3个牛群体的优势等位基因,分布较高。3个品种中,中国西门塔尔牛AA基因型频率最高,达到0.6615,而鲁西牛和南阳牛则相对较低,分别为0.4043和0.3095。对第2外显子的多态片段测序分析表明:位于IGFBP3基因第8069bp处发生单碱基突变T→C,并导致了苯丙氨酸变为亮氨酸。  相似文献   

基于水温对肉牛生长性能影响的冬季恒温饮水系统优选   总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3  

陈昭辉  庞超  靳薇  刘继军  朱跃明 《农业工程学报》2015,31(24):212-218

为缓解西北地区拴系肉牛在冬季产生的冷应激,提高肉牛生长性能,研究根据连通器原理设计恒温饮水系统,为牛只提供温水。试验选取西门塔尔牛作为试验牛,对饮水器内水温、肉牛的饮水行为、生理以及日增质量进行测定。试验结果表明:恒温饮水系统能为处理组牛只提供17.69℃的温水,处理组牛的日增质量为1.53 kg/(d·头),较对照组提高0.36 kg/(d·头),差异极显著(P0.01)。在处理组中,牛只饮用16~18℃的温水表现出更多的饮水次数和更好的增重效果(日增质量达到(1.69±0.44)kg/(d·头))。饮水后牛只瘤胃处体表温度处理组比对照组高3.29℃,差异极显著(P0.01)。结果表明,在拴系肉牛舍中采用这种恒温饮水系统能够有效改善肉牛因冬季饮用冷水造成的冷应激,并能显著提高肉牛生长性能,具有技术和经济可行性。  相似文献   

用基于遗传算法的BP神经网络识别牛肉肌肉与脂肪     

贾渊  姬长英  罗霞  陈念年 《农业工程学报》2007,23(11):216-219

利用遗传算法的全局搜索能力,改进标准BP算法随机选取初始权重的不足,并构建了3-12-1的三层遗传BP神经网络,进行了3次牛肉肌肉与脂肪像素的分类试验,研究用BP网络对牛肉肌肉与脂肪两类像素点进行识别的可行性。以像素点的RGB值作为BP网络输入向量,每次训练集样本数62,测试集样本数43。测试的最终结果为：训练集的样本识别率分别为100%、100%、98.3871%;对应测试集的样本识别率分别为97.6744%、97.6744%、100%。试验结果表明,尽管基于遗传算法的BP神经网络对训练样本集以及测试样本集的肌肉和脂肪的识别率均在97%以上,但由于牛肉图像像素值在颜色空间中比较分散,有利于聚类的规律性不明显,因而是否可用BP网络来完成肌肉与脂肪的识别,还需要在网络拓扑结构、训练样本集等方面进一步研究。  相似文献