施用生物菌剂对烤烟叶片生理特征及钾、氯含量的影响     

毛家伟  张翔  李亮  余琼  司贤宗  索炎炎  吴俊林  孔德辉 《干旱地区农业研究》2020,38(3):181-187

为探讨不同生物菌剂在烤烟上的施用效果,选取烤烟品种秦烟96和豫烟6号为材料,设计了对照(T1)、生物菌剂A(T2)、生物菌剂B(T3)、生物菌剂C(T4)、生物菌剂D(T5)和生物菌剂E(T6)6个处理,于2016年在河南省洛阳市(旱作烟区)和驻马店市(雨养烟区)进行了田间试验,研究了施用生物菌剂对烤烟叶片生理特征及钾、氯含量的影响。结果表明:施用生物菌剂处理与对照相比烤烟叶片中可溶性糖的含量增加了0.38%～1.43%,丙二醛(MDA)含量降低了0.3～7.36μmol·g~(-1)。除雨养烟区T5处理外,与对照相比,施用生物菌剂处理烤烟叶片过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性分别提高2.1～26.2μmol·min~(-1)·g~(-1),0.6～40 U·g~(-1)和546～2 531 U·g~(-1)。中部叶养分分析表明,施用生物菌剂处理在移栽后45 d(除雨养烟区T4处理外)全钾含量提高了0.42%～1.32%,移栽后60 d提高了0.03%～1.00%。从经济性状看,与对照相比,雨养烟区T3处理产值和上等烟比例分别增加14 708元·hm~(-2)和23.1%,旱作烟区T2处理产值和上等烟比例分别增加7 849元·hm~(-2)和13.7%。化学成分分析表明,雨养烟区T3处理和旱作烟区T2处理烟叶钾含量平均分别提高0.40%和0.57%,施用生物菌剂处理使烟叶化学成分更加协调。  相似文献   

水分优化对温室葡萄产量及土壤生物学特性的影响     

蔺宝军  张芮  董博  王引弟  张小艳 《干旱区研究》2020,(1):126-133

为揭示滴灌不同水分调控下设施栽培葡萄产量与土壤学特性等相关指标的响应关系,在甘肃省永登县设施葡萄试验基地开展葡萄滴灌不同生育期水分调控田间灌溉试验,分析水分调控对设施栽培葡萄土壤积温、蔗糖酶和淀粉酶活性、有机碳(TOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)和微生物熵(qMB)等土壤学特性的影响,基于隶属函数综合分析明确影响葡萄产量及各项土壤生物学特性指标的最佳水分优化处理。结果表明:新梢期水分胁迫的土壤积温、土壤酶、TOC、MBC、qMB均显著(P <0. 05)高于对照;新梢期水分胁迫较对照可增产44. 6%;果实膨大期作为葡萄生长的关键阶段,此时水分胁迫对土壤淀粉酶影响不显著,但对其他土壤学特性指标具有一定的抑制作用,并且可减产9.7%;隶属函数综合分析表明,土壤生物学特性指标及产量综合隶属排名为:PS﹥FS﹥CS﹥CK﹥ES。  相似文献   

2019年及近年我国农药登记情况和特点分析     

李友顺  白小宁  袁善奎  杨锚  王以燕 《农药科学与管理》2020,41(3):14-24

总结、分析了2019年及近年我国农药登记的基本情况和特点。最近7年来,每年微毒/低毒农药登记数量与当年农药登记总量的比值,及与本年度新增登记数量的比值均持续上升,其比值的年均值分别为82.0%和93.4%;环境友好的剂型在迅速增加,悬浮剂与本年度新增产品登记数量的比值一直处于领先位置,可分散油悬浮剂的比值增长突显,乳油比值在逐年递减;杀虫剂、杀菌剂和除草剂3大类农药登记数量与本年度新增登记数量的比值趋向显著平均;低风险的新农药登记数量在不断增加,生物源农药登记数量增长稳定,5年来其有效成分和产品的年均增长率分别为9.88%和9.46%。从政策和技术上促进特色小宗作物用药登记产品数量快速增加。上述特点表明,我国农药正朝着有利于人畜健康和生态环境安全的方向发展。  相似文献   

Self‐service traps inspected by avian and terrestrial predators as a management option for rodents     

Annika Schltelburg  Alexandra Plekat  Sonoko Bellingrath‐Kimura  Jens Jacob 《Pest management science》2020,76(1):103-110

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Additive interaction between a root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica and a root‐feeding flea beetle Longitarsus bethae on their host Lantana camara     

Jufter N Musedeli  David O Simelane  Martin P Hill  Mariette Marais 《Pest management science》2020,76(1):198-204

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Fungal isolate and crop cultivar influence the beneficial effects of root inoculation with entomopathogenic fungi in strawberry     

Fernanda Canassa  Celeste P D'Alessandro  Sidcleide B Sousa  Clarice GB Demtrio  Nicolai V Meyling  Ingeborg Klingen  Italo Delalibera 《Pest management science》2020,76(4):1472-1482

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Challenges facing arthropod biological control: identifying traits for genetic improvement of predators in protected crops     

Pablo Bielza  Virginia Balanza  Dina Cifuentes  Jos E Mendoza 《Pest management science》2020,76(11):3517-3526

Biological control is an efficient pest control method but there are still limitations that are hindering its wider adoption. Genetic improvement of biological control agents (BCAs) can help to overcome these constraints, but the choice of key attributes for better performance that need to be selected is still an open question. Several characteristics have been suggested but the harsh reality is that selective breeding of BCAs has received a lot of attention but resulted in very little progress. Identifying the appropriate traits to be prioritized may be the first step to reverse this situation. In our opinion, the best way is to look at the factors limiting the performance of key BCAs, especially generalist predators (pesticide compatibility, prey‐density dependence, non‐suitable crops, and extreme environmental conditions), and according to these challenges, to choose the attributes that would allow BCAs to overcome those limitations. The benefits of selection for higher resistance to toxins, whether artificially applied (pesticides) or plant produced (plant defenses); increased fitness when feeding on non‐prey food (supplemented or plant‐derived); and better adaptation to extreme temperature and humidity are discussed. In conclusion, genetic improvement of BCAs can bring about new opportunities to biocontrol industry and users to enhance biocontrol resilience. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Predation interactions among henhouse‐dwelling arthropods,with a focus on the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae     

Ghais Zriki  Rumsaïs Blatrix  Lise Roy 《Pest management science》2020,76(11):3711-3719

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Augmentative releases of the soil predatory mite Gaeolaelaps aculeifer reduce fruit damage caused by an invasive thrips in Mediterranean citrus     

Cristina Navarro‐Campos  Aleixandre Beltr  Altea Calabuig  Ferran Garcia‐Marí  Felix L Wckers  Apostolos Pekas 《Pest management science》2020,76(7):2500-2504

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拟康宁木霉Tk1的分离鉴定、拮抗作用及其生物学特性          下载免费PDF全文

罗梅  罗玉霖  陈沫冰  舒永馨  陈欣瑜  董章勇 《中国生物防治学报》2020,36(4):581-586

为了分离利用高效植物病害生物防治菌株,从广东药用植物金丝皇菊根部分离获得一株木霉菌株Tk1。经过形态观察、rDNA-ITS和EF-1α序列分析明确其为拟康宁木霉Trichoderma koningiopsis。用平板对峙培养法测定,该菌株对金丝皇菊枯萎病菌（尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum）和柑橘炭疽病菌（胶胞炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）的抑制率分别为68.5%和77.1%,且在后期能完全覆盖或部分覆盖病原真菌。其无菌发酵液对金丝皇菊枯萎病菌的抑制率为45.55%。该菌株营养生长和产孢的最适碳源分别为乳糖和葡萄糖,最适氮源是酵母膏;在pH 4~11的培养基上均可生长、产孢,最适pH为7;12 h交替光照条件下菌丝的生长速度最快,全光照条件下产孢数量最大;该菌株的致死温度为73℃处理10 min。  相似文献