兴安盟地区旱作条件下11个苜蓿品种生产性能和饲用价值比较     

那亚  姜永成  包健  凌红波  初文凯  董艳伟  陶雅 《饲料研究》2021,(2):99-104

为筛选兴安盟地区旱作条件下适宜引进栽培的优良苜蓿品种,在兴安盟乌兰浩特市呼和马场种植11个苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种,通过连续2年观测参试品种的越冬率、株高、产量、茎叶比及营养成分等指标,对旱作条件下11个苜蓿品种的生产性能和饲用价值进行灰色关联分析。结果表明:图牧2号、敖汉苜蓿和呼伦贝尔杂花苜蓿两年的平均越冬率较高;SK3010、呼伦贝尔杂花苜蓿和敖汉苜蓿在株高、生长速度和干草产量方面表现较好;图牧2号的茎叶比均最大,其次是呼伦贝尔杂花苜蓿、SK3010和敖汉苜蓿;WL168HQ、斯普雷德和呼伦贝尔杂花苜蓿两年的粗蛋白质含量均高于18%;巨能2和斯贝德的粗纤维含量较高;WL168HQ、呼伦贝尔杂花苜蓿、WL343HQ、SK3010和WL319HQ的粗灰分含量均高于10%。对11个苜蓿品种的越冬率、产量特性和饲用品质进行灰色关联分析表明,呼伦贝尔杂花苜蓿的综合表现最优,适合在该地区种植推广。  相似文献   

全球价值链视角下我国饲料企业国际贸易出口机制研究     

李月娥 《中国饲料》2021,1(9):138-141

目前我国饲料产业地位不断提升,国际贸易出口总量保持稳定,与进口量上升形成鲜明对比,贸易逆差较大,其根本背景是国内、国际的产业格局发展不同。我国饲料产业的国际产能合作处于初级阶段,在全球价值链中处于不利位置。在价值链视角下,饲料企业不能把出口视为单纯的饲料产品向终端销售,而是应注重于价值链的总体布局,在现代化“大农业”的背景下,对畜牧业、水产养殖业等饲料行业下游产业与饲料产业进行布局。饲料企业应形成海外布局,提升其在全球价值链中的地位,选择海外的“走出去”策略,优化国际贸易的出口机制,同时按照企业价值最大化的要求控制风险,用好政策性金融支持,并重视对国际投资和贸易人才的培养。 [关键词] 全球价值链|产业升级|“走出去”  相似文献   

放牧对草甸草原土壤水热状况和地上生物量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李彤  张宇  赵晋灵  闫瑞瑞  辛晓平  王旭  陈金强  吴冬秀  李凌浩  赵曼 《草地学报》2021,29(11):2577-2582

本文以呼伦贝尔草甸草原为对象,研究了不同放牧强度对草原群落土壤水热状况和地上生物量的影响,旨在揭示二者之间的相互关系。研究结果表明,随着放牧强度的增加,生长季平均土壤温度呈逐渐上升的趋势;放牧对群落3个组份[羊草（Leymus chinensis）、贝加尔针茅（Stipa baicalensis）、杂类草]生物量和相对优势度产生影响。其中,羊草地上生物量和优势度随着放牧强度的增加显著线性降低,而贝加尔针茅和杂类草的生物量与优势度均在中度放牧处理下最高。土壤含水量与羊草生物量显著正相关,与杂类草生物量负相关,而与贝加尔针茅生物量间的关系极弱。本研究为完善放牧优化理论,揭示放牧在草地生态系统功能过程中的梯度效应提供了一个较为重要的研究线索,为草地放牧优化管理制度的确立提供了一定的科学依据。  相似文献   

乳酸菌噬菌体的分离及生物学特性鉴定     

秦松跃  赵莉  狄亚心  于晓丽  王丽  唐丽杰  徐义刚  周晗  姜艳平  崔文  李一经  乔薪瑗 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(6):2140-2149

为了解乳酸菌噬菌体的生物学特性,并为制定乳酸菌发酵生产过程中噬菌体污染的防控措施提供试验数据和参考,本研究通过斑点试验和双层琼脂平板法,以干酪乳杆菌（L. casei） ATCC 393、戊糖乳杆菌（L. pentosus） KLDS 1.0413、短小乳杆菌（L. brevis） ATCC 367为指示菌从乳制品、泡菜样品中分离乳酸菌噬菌体,通过透射电镜观察噬菌体形态,噬菌体基因组限制性内切酶作用分析其包装机制,并进行宿主范围和一步生长曲线的测定,SDS-PAGE分析噬菌体结构蛋白,对获得的噬菌体进行生物学特性鉴定。结果显示,分离获得3株烈性乳酸菌噬菌体,依次命名为Lc、Lpen和Lbre。电镜结果显示,噬菌体Lc、Lpen均由多面体头部和非收缩性尾部组成,而噬菌体Lbre由多面体头部和收缩性尾部组成。根据形态学分析,Lc和Lpen属于长尾噬菌体科（Siphoviridae）,B1类,Lbre属于肌尾噬菌体科（Myoviridae）,A1类。噬菌体基因组经限制性内切酶作用后,核酸电泳结果显示,噬菌体Lc、Lpen基因组均为异质平末端,其包装机制属满头包装,即pac-型,而Lbre含有黏性末端,其包装机制属于cos-型。宿主范围测定结果显示,噬菌体Lc、Lbre对宿主专一,而Lpen宿主谱较广。一步生长曲线显示,噬菌体Lc、Lpen和Lbre潜伏期分别为60、45和150 min,裂解期分别为45、90和105 min,裂解量分别为47、24和30 PFU/cell。SDS-PAGE分析显示,噬菌体Lc结构蛋白有7个,主要结构蛋白分子质量约为50 ku;噬菌体Lpen和Lbre结构蛋白均有5个,主要结构蛋白分子质量分别约为55和50 ku。综上,本研究分离获得3株乳酸菌烈性噬菌体,并对其主要生物学特性进行鉴定,对了解乳酸菌噬菌体及后续乳酸菌噬菌体污染的防治提供了试验数据和理论依据。  相似文献   

Sward characteristics,nutritive value and choice by cattle of conterminous monocultures of centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum)          下载免费PDF全文

Masahiko Hirata  Toshiro Okuma  Yuichiro Tanaka  Manabu Tobisa 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(5):674-680

In south‐western Japan, centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides; CG) offers a novel option for a warm‐season perennial for grazing use in areas where bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum; BG) can be grown. However, the potential of CG as a forage has not been fully explored because of the short history as a forage crop. We conducted four experiments to evaluate CG (cv. TifBlair) in comparison with BG (cv. Pensacola) in terms of sward characteristics, nutritive value and choice by animals. In each experiment, four Japanese Black cows (Bos taurus) were individually allowed to graze conterminous monocultures of CG and BG (5 × 10 m each) for 30 min. Irrespective of regrowth durations and fertilizer rates, CG was consistently shorter, leafier and denser, contained lower acid detergent fiber and cellulose, and was preferred or equally selected by cows, as compared with BG. Furthermore, CG maintained sufficient levels of crude protein (80–89 g/kg DM) to ensure voluntary intake of ruminant animals under extended regrowth^? and without fertilizer, whereas BG failed to do so (65 g/kg DM). CG provided higher digestible dry matter than BG when crude protein concentration exceeded 86 g/kg DM. The results indicate advantages of CG as a forage.  相似文献   

紫花苜蓿根腐新病原-厚垣镰孢菌生物学特性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

柏玉晶  张贞明  姚玉玲  薛莉  张振粉  杨成德 《草原与草坪》2016,(6):49-54

针对紫花苜蓿根腐致病菌厚垣镰孢菌(Fusarium chlamydosporum)在不同温度、光照、p H和多种碳氮源条件下的生物学特性,采用菌饼法进行了测定,并对不同碳氮源下菌落产色素情况进行了连续观察。结果表明:该病原菌在5~40℃均可生长,最适温度为25℃;当p H 4.0~12.0时均能生长,最适宜p H为7.0;全黑暗条件有利于菌丝生长,菌丝生长最适碳源、氮源分别为山梨醇和蛋白胨,碳源氯醛糖及除蛋白胨以外8种氮源均不利于菌丝的生长。含不同碳氮源培养基可诱导菌丝产生不同色素,且颜色变化差异大,在不同的生长阶段,色素颜色也会发生变化。  相似文献   

Measurement of Wildlife Value Orientations Among Diverse Audiences: A Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis Among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Communities     

Loren D. Chase 《Human Dimensions of Wildlife》2016,21(2):127-143

Wildlife value orientations (WVOs) are increasingly being used to describe broad societal shifts that are altering the way people perceive wildlife. Concurrent with these shifts is a diversification of cultural heritages that complicate comparisons of WVOs across cultures. Yet, when measuring WVOs across cultures, differences in WVOs may be genuine variations between the populations, or may be artifacts of the measurement instrument. Therefore, there is a need to determine if various cultures interact with the instrument uniformly. Three multiple group confirmatory factor analyses (MGCFA) examined how ethnicity, acculturation, and language spoken are related to a WVO scale’s performance within Hispanic and non-Hispanic white communities. Results of each MGCFA support the cross-cultural stability of the WVO factor structure. Additional cross-cultural WVO research is needed to expand the construct and assist natural resource practitioners in understanding diverse constituencies, but conducting a MGCFA analysis should be a necessary precondition when comparing WVOs across cultures.  相似文献   

Predicting Acceptability of Jaguars and Pumas in the Atlantic Forest,Brazil     

Monica T. Engel  Jerry J. Vaske  Alistair J. Bath  Silvio Marchini 《Human Dimensions of Wildlife》2016,21(5):427-444

Jaguars and pumas are threatened species in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, especially at the borders of protected areas. This article assessed the influence of emotions, attitudes, existence value, and agency credibility on acceptability of big cats among rural residents living adjacent to two protected areas in this forest. Data from self-administrated questionnaires (n = 326) indicated those with positive attitudes toward big cats (β = .28, p < .001), those who valued the existence of big cats (β = .14, p < .05), those who would feel sorrow if big cats disappeared (β = .21, p < .001), and those who considered the managing agency as credible (β = .16, p = .002) were more accepting of big cats. The model provided theoretical and practical insights into large carnivore conservation. For example, given the significance of agency credibility, a positive relationship between park authorities and residents is crucial for big cat conservation.  相似文献   

Effect of micronized pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.) as a substitute of soybean meal on tissue fatty acid composition and quality of broiler chicken meat          下载免费PDF全文

Bożena Kiczorowska  Wioletta Samolińska  Dariusz Andrejko 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(11):1396-1406

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of micronized pea seeds introduced into feed mixes for broilers on the slaughter yield, blood lipid parameters, content of fatty acids in selected tissues, and meat quality. The studies involved 150 1‐day‐old Ross 308 chicks split into three groups (for 42 days). The feed rations differed in terms of the source of proteins: in the control group (C), it was post‐extraction soybean meal (SBM) 100%; in group I, SBM 50% and micronized peas 50%; and in group II, micronized peas only, 100%. Irradiated pea seeds added to the feed ration for chicks reduced the fattening grade of carcasses (P < 0.05). Additionally, significant improvement of blood lipid indices was recorded. The share of the irradiated pea seeds in feed mixes decreased the share of saturated fatty acids in the muscles and abdominal fat and had a positive effect on the n‐6/n‐3 ratio, hypocholesterolemic / hypercholesterolemic ratio, as well as the atherogenic and thrombogenic indices (P < 0.05).  相似文献   

Influence of imported sport horses on the genetic evaluation of Swedish Warmblood stallions     

M. Pettersson  S. Eriksson 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2016,66(4):183-189

There is substantial international influence on the Swedish Warmblood (SWB) sport horse population. The SWB Association suspects that imported horses are pre-selected based on their anticipated performance level, which could lead to biased estimated breeding values (EBVs) for stallions. This study examined different strategies to handle records for imported horses in the genetic evaluation. The stallions were evaluated for 10 traits using 3 different EBV estimation methods that were compared based on ranking comparisons of stallions, accuracy, correlations and absolute differences between EBVs. The results showed that the stallions’ EBVs were affected by imported offspring which, as a group, had higher average scores than horses born in Sweden. Sire EBVs differed by up to 0.6 genetic standard deviation of the trait between methods for stallions with >50% imported offspring. Excluding imported offspring lowered the accuracies and caused larger re-ranking compared with including a fixed effect of origin in the model.  相似文献