CNG发动机运转参数对燃烧放热模型计算结果的影响     

张红光  韩雪娇  姚宝峰 《农业机械学报》2012,43(11):31-35，40

为了探讨压缩天然气(CNG)发动机运转参数对不同放热模型计算结果的影响,并确定各模型的适用范围,根据点燃式CNG发动机的缸内压力、曲轴转角等测试结果,采用3种放热率模型(Gatowski etal模型,Apparent heat release模型和R-W(Rassweiler-Withrow)模型)分别计算了燃烧放热率、已燃质量分数等参数,并进一步分析了发动机运转参数对不同放热模型计算结果的影响规律.研究结果表明,采用Apparent heat release模型和R-W模型计算所得到的燃烧放热率、已燃质量分数差异很小,二者可通用;点火提前角和过量空气系数对3种模型的计算结果差异影响很小;当节气门开度较小时,3种模型的计算结果差异很小;与其他两种模型相比,Gatowski et al模型的计算结果受发动机转速的影响更加明显;当节气门开度较小或者发动机转速高时,这3种模型可通用;当发动机转速较低时,与其他两种模型相比,采用Gatowski et al模型更加理想和精确.  相似文献   

打击揉搓式花生脱壳设备作业质量制约因素与提升对策   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王建楠  谢焕雄  刘敏基  高学梅  胡志超 《中国农机化》2012,(1):57-59,64

以打击揉搓式花生脱壳设备脱壳效果为主控目标,分析花生荚果物理特性、脱壳设备结构参数及运动参数、脱壳工艺对脱壳效果的影响,并结合花生脱壳生产实际,从品种、机具及工艺方面提出提高花生脱壳机脱壳质量的对策。  相似文献   

田间环境参数动态监测系统平台设计与实现     

蔡肯  王克强  何纯飞 《中国农机化》2012,(2):158-161,150

信息技术飞速发展,农业不再是简单的田间的播种、收割农作物,而是对于农作物成长过程的更多的管理。面对多变的天气,及时快速的发现异常,则能够让农户减少损失。本设计是用PHP+MySQL数据库开发的,基于B/S结构的田间环境参数动态监测系统平台,它将网络应用技术运用到农业生产中来,使之能够监测农作物生产环境的动态并及时反馈,让农户能够随时随地查看农场环境信息。通过提供农业相关资讯,环境监测以及农户们交流的服务平台,本平台让农民们可以利用信息技术进行科学化管理,学习更多的技术和知识,最终实现提高单位面积产量的目标。  相似文献   

基于三轴剪切试验的原状黄土结构性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈伟  骆亚生  郭靖 《中国农村水利水电》2012,(7):110-114

利用常规三轴剪切试验对陕西杨凌原状黄土的结构性进行研究。基于邓肯-张双曲线模型,对邵生俊提出的结构性参数进行改造,这样就避免了计算时人工插值求参数的繁琐和不准确性,以及克服了该公式在ε1=0和ε1=15%时没有意义的缺点。然后以此改造后的结构性参数为基础分析围压和含水率对黄土结构性的影响。结果表明:非饱和原状黄土的结构性参数随应变增大先降低后趋于稳定。在相同的含水率下,围压越小,结构性参数越大;在相同的围压下,含水率越低,结构性参数越大。最后,在原状黄土的应力应变关系中引入结构性参数后该曲线表现出了较好的归一性,说明了此结构性参数的合理性和可靠性。  相似文献   

Path analysis for selection of drought tolerant sugarcane genotypes through physiological components     

Paulo Pedro da Silva  Lailton SoaresJoão Gomes da Costa  Luciana da Silva VianaJúlio César Farias de Andrade  Eduardo Rebelo GonçalvesJoão Messias dos Santos  Geraldo Veríssimo de Souza BarbosaVelber Xavier Nascimento  Adriana Reis TodaroAlessandro Riffel  Maria Fatima Grossi-de-SaMárcio Henrique Pereira Barbosa  Antônio Euzébio Goulart Sant’AnaCícero Eduardo Ramalho Neto 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,37(1):11-19

Water deficit is among the main environmental factors limiting agricultural productivity of sugarcane in Northeast Brazil by affecting virtually every aspect of plant growth, with consequent reduction of the agro-industrial productivity of this crop. This study aimed to use path analysis to evaluate the physiological components of sugarcane under two water conditions, with photosynthesis as the basic variable, in order to obtain subsidies that can help the genetic breeding of this crop by selection of superior clones with drought tolerance. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with a completely randomized experimental design, 4 × 2 factorial arrangements (four sugarcane genotypes × two soil moisture regimes: control, with 80-100% available water and stressed, with 0-20% water available) and with four replications. Each plot consisted of one pot with 12 kg of substrate containing one plant. Treatments were maintained at a humidity close to field capacity with daily replacement of the evapotranspired water with a water supply for 66 days of cultivation for treatments under stress. Evaluations were conducted on the fourth day after severe water stress at 70 days of cultivation. Data from nine physiological variables were considered, with six of these being used in the model after exclusion of those that were contributing to multicollinearity. Variables used in path analysis were enough to explain the variation found in photosynthesis under both water conditions. Stomatal conductance, transpiration and the SPAD index should be considered as a priority in breeding programs for sugarcane aiming to get more productive and tolerant genotypes to water stress, and selection indexes should be used with due consideration of these variables to promote gains in photosynthesis.  相似文献   

Effects of Different Dietary Lipid Sources on Growth Performance,Salinity Tolerance,Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Caspian Roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) Juvenile     

Somayeh Pouralimotlagh  Asad Mohammadi Zarejabad  Ehsan Ahmadifar 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1):74-85

This study investigates the effects of replacing fish oil with two vegetable oils (Sunflower oil and Soybean oil) on growth performance, salinity tolerance, hematological and serum biochemical profile of Rutilus rutilus over 56 days. Five diets were supplemented with 8% of either fish oil (FO) (control), sunflower oil (SFO), and soybean oil (SO) or a combination of 4% FO with 4% SFO and 4% FO with 4% SO, respectively. Triplicate groups of fish (24 fish per tank with an average body weight, of 5.52 g) were assigned to each diet. Blood samples were taken from the caudal vein of 75 apparently healthy fish at the end of trial. Hematological values of the blood samples were determined using standard techniques. At the end of the experiment fish were exposed to salinity stress. The results showed that the best growth performance was in fish fed the control diet, but the differences were minor among treatments containing vegetable oils (P > 0.05). Serum cholesterol and glucose concentrations were significantly higher in fish fed dieta containing vegetable oils (P < 0.05). Red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) in groups fed diets containing SFO and SO were higher than other groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in survival after 48 h salinity stress (P > 0.05). These results indicate that in cases where fish oil is scarce or expensive, vegetable lipids can be used as replacements without any serious negative growth performance and health impacts.  相似文献   

Effect of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) on Growth Performance,Feed Utilization,Whole-Body Composition,and Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile Tilapia     

Mohammad H. Ahmad  Amani M. D. El Mesallamy  Fatma Samir  Faten Zahran 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(4):289-298

Four isonitrogenous (30% crude protein) and isocaloric (4.40 kcal/g) experimental diets were formulated to contain 0.0% (control), 0.5%, 1.0%, or 1.5% cinnamon. The diet containing 1% cinnamon resulted in significantly greater (P < 0.05) specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency ratio (FER), protein efficiency ratio (PER), apparent protein utilization (APU), and energy utilization (EU). In regard to body composition, there was no significant difference in dry matter, protein, lipids, and ash (P > 0.05) contents due to cinnamon supplementation. Blood plasma profile showed an improvement in hemoglobin (HB), red blood cell (RBCS), hematocrite (PCV), total protein, and total lipids, while there was a decrease in creatinin, urea, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and glucose in fish fed 1% cinnamon. Cinnamon was found to have an antibacterial activity antagonistic to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in fish. Performance and FCR improvement translated into a 10% decrease in feed costs associated with the 1% cinnamon diet.  相似文献   

Pasteurization Conditions and Evaluation of Quality Parameters of Frozen Packaged Crab Meat     

Jimena Bernadette Dima  Pedro Baron 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(5):745-759

ABSTRACT

Ovalipes trimaculatus is a crab recognized as a new resource with fishing value to obtain frozen products. Pasteurization conditions of meat crab at temperatures below 85ºC (60, 72, and 82ºC) were established to achieve better quality attributes in the frozen product. The lethality curves of Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes were measured, and the decimal reduction times (D) and Z values were determined. Heat transfer during the pasteurization process of pouches containing crab meat was simulated using a computational code in finite elements, and the mathematical model was experimentally validated. Thermal histories were coupled to the microbial lethality kinetics of the most heat resistant pathogen microorganism in order to establish pasteurization times necessary for the process system design. The predicted pasteurization conditions were microbiologically validated. The pouches were frozen under industrial conditions and stored at ?22ºC for 1 year. The influence of the type of packaging (vacuum and nonvacuum plastic pouches) on physicochemical and sensory quality parameters of frozen crab meat (color, exudate, lipid oxidation, water holding capacity, and overall acceptability) were analyzed observing better performance under vacuum conditions.  相似文献   

Effect of pH on Structural Changes in Perch Hemoglobin that Can Alter Redox Stability and Heme Affinity     

Mark P. Richards  Roman Aranda IV  Cai He  George N. Phillips Jr. 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):416-423

pH can be manipulated to alter the oxidative stability of fish-based foods during storage. X-ray diffraction was used to investigate the ability of reduced pH to cause structural changes in fish hemoglobins that lead to enhanced oxidative degradation. Decreasing pH from 8.0 to 6.3 and 5.7 created a large channel for solvent entry into the heme crevice of perch hemoglobin beta chains. The proton-induced opening of this channel occurred between site CD3 and the heme-6-propionate. Solvent entry into the heme crevice can enhance metHb formation and hemin loss, processes that accelerate lipid oxidation. Reduced pH also decreased the distance between Ile at E11 in one of the alpha chains and the ligand above the heme iron atom. This sterically displaces O₂ and protonated O₂ which increases metHb formation. These studies demonstrate that pH reduction causes structural changes in perch hemoglobin which increase oxidative degradation of the heme pigment.  相似文献   

载板蓝根多糖MPEG-PLA聚合物微球对小鼠免疫力的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

姜涛邹正耀  张红英王学兵 张元元 《中国农学通报》2013,29(20):32-35

为研究载板蓝根多糖微球的免疫增强作用。利用实验室制备的载板蓝根多糖MPEG-PLA聚合物微球免疫小鼠,并测定小鼠血液的常规指标,即白细胞和淋巴细胞总数以及总IgG水平和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力等免疫指标。结果表明：在给药后第7天和第14天,载板蓝根多糖微球40、20、10 mg组和板蓝根多糖组小鼠的各项免疫指标均高于空白微球组和生理盐水组,并且载板蓝根多糖微球各组在第14天时的免疫效果与第7天时的免疫效果相比较差异不显著,其中,微球组中以载板蓝根多糖微球20 mg组的免疫效果为最好,在第7天和第14天时小鼠的白细胞和淋巴细胞总数分别为(0.96±0.46)和(11.03±0.35)以及(8.73±0.51)和(9.44±0.42),总IgG水平为(33.541±0.458)和(32.713±0.481),巨噬细胞吞噬指数和吞噬百分率则分别达到(56.00±2.16)和(1.61±0.04)。载板蓝根多糖微球具有一定的免疫增强作用,虽然微球的短期免疫效果均低于纯板蓝根多糖,但是可达到长效免疫。  相似文献