Indicative properties of fly‐ash affected forest soils in Northeastern Germany     

Susanne Klose  Juliane Koch  Ernst Bucker  Franz Makeschin 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2001,164(5):561-568

Many forest ecosystems in Germany are strongly influenced by emissions of pollutants like SO₂ and alkaline dusts. To quantify and evaluate the consequences of long‐term fly ash deposition on forest soils, a study was conducted in pine stands (Pinus sylvestris) in the Dübener Heide in Northeastern Germany. This forest area has been influenced mainly by emissions from coal‐fired power plants and the chemical industry of the industrial region Bitterfeld‐Wolfen‐Zschornewitz since the early 1900. The study sites are located along a fly ash deposition gradient of 8, 16, 14, 18, and 25 km away from the main emission source in Bitterfeld (sites 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively). Samples of the organic horizons (Oi, Oe, and Oa) and mineral topsoil (0—10 cm) were taken in fall 1998 and analyzed for their ferromagnetic susceptibility and total ash content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDX) were performed on selected samples to differentiate between the pedogenic and atmospheric origin of the mineral components in the organic horizons. As a result of the long‐term deposition, ferromagnetic fly ash components are mainly accumulated in the Oe and Oa horizons of the forest soils studied. Ferromagnetic susceptibility was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the Oe horizon of sites 1 and 2 compared to sites 3, 4, and 5. Unusually high total ash contents for organic horizons of > 74 % were determined in the Oa at all sites. SEM revealed 3 distinct features of persistent fly ash deposits from coal‐fired power plants within the organic horizons that can be defined as ”︁stable glasses” with magnetic properties, aluminum‐silicate‐minerals, and slag fragments. SEM and EDX indicated that a great portion of the mineral particles found in the organic horizons of forests soils influenced by fly ash are from atmospheric sources. For detection of atmospheric lignite‐derived deposition into forest soils, the Oe and Oa horizons have to be considered as specific diagnostic horizons because they show indicative properties for such soils.  相似文献   

轮叶党参种子中萌发抑制物质活性的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘曼玲  裴明玉 《人参研究》2005,17(4):15-17

以白菜和小麦种子作生物测定,研究了轮叶党参种子中萌发抑制物质的活性。结果表明,轮叶党参种子中存在着活性较强的抑制物质,且抑制物质的活性随着提取液浓度的增加而增加。采用不同溶剂提取轮叶党参抑制物质的活性不同,以甲醇提取液抑制活性最强,乙醚次之,水提取液抑制作用不明显。采用去翅处理和温水浸种能有效去除大部分抑制物质。  相似文献   

生物质飞灰对餐厨垃圾两相厌氧消化的影响     

黄红辉  王德汉  罗子锋  尚卫辉 《农业环境科学学报》2018,37(6):1277-1283

为解决餐厨垃圾在厌氧消化过程中的酸抑制问题,并为生物质飞灰提供新的资源化利用途径,在产酸相中添加不同比例的飞灰,研究了生物质飞灰对餐厨垃圾中温两相厌氧消化过程中产酸和产气的影响。结果表明:添加生物质飞灰可以提高酸化相的p H值,促进餐厨垃圾酸化,添加3%的生物质飞灰,产酸相的挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的平均浓度为9 845.45 mg·L-1,比空白处理(CK)提高了49.66%,差异显著;添加3%生物质飞灰处理的产甲烷相更稳定,产气效果更好,累积产气量为27.43 L,比0、1%、4%和5%的飞灰添加比例分别高了25.15%、13.70%、4.34%和6.55%;添加3%生物质飞灰处理的平均负荷产气量为490.33 m L·g VS-1,比0、1%、4%和5%的飞灰添加比例平均值分别提高了22.49%、12.35%、6.36%和8.22%。研究表明,添加生物质飞灰有助于促进餐厨垃圾酸化和提高产甲烷相的产气量;在高有机负荷的时候,添加生物质飞灰有助于提高系统运行的稳定性。  相似文献   

Overexpression of cytochrome P450 CYP6BG1 may contribute to chlorantraniliprole resistance in Plutella xylostella (L.)          下载免费PDF全文

Xiuxia Li  Ran Li  Bin Zhu  Xiwu Gao  Pei Liang 《Pest management science》2018,74(6):1386-1393

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赤泥与粉煤灰固稳疏浚底泥磷的研究     

梁震  刘志梅 《中国农业科技导报》2018,20(6):136-141

底泥疏浚是解决水体富营养化的重要举措之一,如何有效处理疏浚底泥已经成为亟待解决的难题。土地利用是有效吸纳疏浚底泥的方法之一,但却存在营养元素尤其是磷元素容易流失的问题。以铝业矿渣赤泥和煤燃烧副产物粉煤灰为原料,将其用于疏浚底泥中磷的固稳,考察了疏浚底泥的性质、固稳剂对疏浚底泥pH的影响、固稳时间以及固稳剂添加量对磷浸出量的影响。结果表明:疏浚底泥的pH随着固稳剂添加量的增加而升高,磷的浸出量随着固稳时间的延长而降低;对于掺混赤泥的疏浚底泥,磷的浸出量随着赤泥添加量的增加而增加,而对于掺混粉煤灰或赤泥与粉煤灰等量混合的疏浚底泥,磷的浸出量随着固稳剂添加量的增加而降低。粉煤灰或赤泥与粉煤灰等量混合作为固稳剂均能够有效固稳疏浚底泥中的磷。  相似文献   

Growth,Metabolism and Yield of Rice Cultivated in Soils Amended with Fly Ash and Cyanobacteria and Metal Loads in Plant Parts     

N. Padhy Rabindra  Nayak Nabakishore  R. Dash-Mohini Rajesh  Rath Shakti  K. Sahu Rajani 《水稻科学》2016,23(1):22

Soil amendment with fly ash(FA) and combined supplementation with N_2-fixing cyanobacteria masses as biofertilizer were done in field experiments with rice. Amendments with FA levels, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 10.0 kg/m~2, caused increase in growth and yield of rice up to 8.0 kg/m~2, monitored with several parameters. Pigment contents and enzyme activities of leaves were enhanced by FA, with the maximum level of FA at 10.0 kg/m~2. Protein content of rice seeds was the highest in plants grown at FA level 4.0 kg/m~2. Basic soil properties, p H value, percentage of silt, percentage of clay, water-holding capacity, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, and organic carbon content increased due to the FA amendment. Parallel supplementation of FA amended plots with 1.0 kg/m~2 N_2-fixing cyanobacteria mass caused further significant increments of the most soil properties, and rice growth and yield parameters. 1000-grain weight of rice plants grown at FA level 4.0 kg/m~2 along with cyanobacteria supplementation was the maximum. Cyanobacteria supplementation caused increase of important basic properties of soil including the total N-content. Estimations of elemental content in soils and plant parts(root and seed) were done by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Accumulations of K, P, Fe and several plant micronutrients(Mn, Ni, Co, Zn and Cu) and toxic elements(Pb, Cr and Cd) increased in soils and plant parts as a function of the FA gradation, but Na content remained almost unchanged in soils and seeds. Supplementation of cyanobacteria had ameliorating effect on toxic metal contents of soils and plant parts. The FA level 4.0 kg/m~2, with 1.0 kg/m~2 cyanobacteria mass supplementation, could be taken ideal, since there would be recharging of the soil with essential micronutrients as well as toxic chemicals in comparative lesser proportions, and cyanobacteria mass would cause lessening toxic metal loads with usual N_2-fixation.  相似文献   

Ca/CTS/FA复合材料对酸性大红的吸附研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

韩双艳  李北罡 《农业环境科学学报》2016,35(6):1153-1159

以粉煤灰(Fly ash,FA)为原料,通过负载壳聚糖和钙离子制备一种新型吸附剂(Ca/CTS/FA)用于酸性大红3R(Acid scarlet3R,AS 3R)染料的吸附去除,考察了最佳吸附条件和吸附性能,探讨了吸附动力学、吸附热力学及复合吸附剂的再生。结果表明:水体p H、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间和振荡频率均对吸附有影响。在不同温度下,Ca/CTS/FA对AS 3R的吸附动力学均能用准二级吸附速率方程精确描述(R~2=1.00)。不同温度下的等温吸附数据分别用Langmuir模型、Freundlich模型和Dubinin-Radushkevich(D-R)模型进行拟合,结果表明等温吸附行为更符合Langmuir模型,同时也较好地符合Freundlich模型和D-R模型;由D-R方程获得的平均吸附能、表观活化能及热力学研究均表明该吸附过程由化学吸附、物理吸附和氢键作用共同控制。热力学参数中吸附自由能变为负值、焓变为正值说明该吸附是吸热性质的自发过程。Ca/CTS/FA复合吸附剂能用0.01 mol·L-1Na OH溶液再生,至少可循环使用8次以上,再生率均在99%以上。  相似文献   

Diversity of bacterial communities in the midgut of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations and their potential use as attractants          下载免费PDF全文

Ashok B Hadapad  Chandra S Prabhakar  Snehal C Chandekar  Jyoti Tripathi  Ramesh S Hire 《Pest management science》2016,72(6):1222-1230

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杨梅果蝇综合防治技术研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

太一梅  朱斌  何绍华  李秀芝  陈云珠 《植物保护》2015,41(1):193-195

从农业、物理、生物防治的角度出发,对昆明地区为害杨梅的果蝇进行综合防治技术研究,结果表明,果蝇对颜色无明显趋性,对气味较敏感,对水、糖、醋、酒比例为10∶6∶3∶1的糖醋液趋性最强;生物源杀虫剂0.3%印楝素乳油300倍液、600倍液,2.5%多杀菌素悬浮剂600倍液对为害杨梅的果蝇均具有较好防效,且对果品安全;及时清除地上落果并运出果园集中处理,也是较好的农业防治措施。  相似文献   

粉煤灰和碳酸钙对As（Ⅲ）污染土壤上小麦产量性状及麦株As含量的影响     

邵云  ;李万昌  ;侯小丽  ;姜丽娜  ;姚利娇  ;李春喜  ;李建民 《农业环境保护》2009,(9):1784-1788

随着经济的发展,土壤As污染问题日益严重。采用露天盆栽试验方法,研究了在As（Ⅲ）污染土壤上,添加粉煤灰和碳酸钙对小麦成熟期产量及其性状、小麦根、茎叶和籽粒As含量的影响,并探讨了粉煤灰和碳酸钙对土壤As（Ⅲ）污染修复的有效方法。结果表明,在土壤中添加100g·kg^-1的粉煤灰或1．0g·kg^-1的碳酸钙能使小麦株高、结实小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量增加。与对照相比,在As（Ⅲ）污染土壤上,100g·kg^-1的粉煤灰处理显著地增加了小麦产量（P〈0．05）,极显著地降低了小麦籽粒As含量（P〈0．01）;1．0g·kg^-1的碳酸钙处理极显著地增加了小麦的穗粒数、千粒重和产量（P〈0．01）,显著地降低了根中As含量（P〈0．05）,极显著地降低了籽粒As含量（P〈0．01）。因此,在As（Ⅲ）污染土壤上,添加100g·kg^-1的粉煤灰或1．0g·kg^-1的碳酸钙能使小麦产量升高,籽粒As含量下降,有效地缓解As（Ⅲ）对小麦的毒害。  相似文献