大鼠膝关节前交叉韧带离断后关节软骨损伤的观察     

陈喜德  魏波  刘军  林颢 《湛江医学院学报》2014,(2):151-154

目的观察大鼠膝关节前交叉韧带离断术后关节软骨形态学变化。方法 56只SD大鼠随机分为7组,每组8例,前交叉韧带离断术后当天及术后2、4、8、12、16、20周处死大鼠,用Pelletier评分及HE染色观察膝关节软骨损2伤情况。结果 Pelletier评分显示软骨损伤随造模时间延长而加重（χ=45.861,P〈0.05）,二者呈线性相关（F=178.836,P〈0.05）;髁上部软骨损伤比下部明显（P=0.000）,而内髁与外髁软骨损伤差异无统计学意义（P=0.736）。HE染色发现造模后软骨面裂隙形成、软骨细胞排列紊乱、潮线部分破坏。结论前交叉韧带离断后关节软骨损伤随时间推移而加重,其中髁上部软骨损伤程度较重。  相似文献   

Influence of exercise and joint topography on depth‐related spatial distribution of proteoglycan and collagen content in immature equine articular cartilage     

P. A. J. Brama  J. Holopainen  P. R. Van Weeren  E. C. Firth  H. J. Helminen  M. M. Hyttinen 《Equine veterinary journal》2009,41(6):557-563

Reasons for performing study: There is ample evidence on topographical heterogeneity of the principal biochemical components of articular cartilage over the surface of the joint and the influence of loading thereon, but no information on depth‐related zonal variation in horses. Objectives: To study depth‐related zonal variation in proteoglycan (PG) and collagen content in equine articular cartilage. Methods: Two techniques (safranin‐O densitometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) were applied to sections of articular cartilage from the proximal phalangeal bone of the metacarpophalangeal joint of 18‐month‐old Thoroughbreds that had been raised at pasture from age 0–18 months without (PASTEX) and with (CONDEX) additional exercise. Two sites were investigated: site 1 at the joint margin that is unloaded at rest or at slow gaits, but subjected to high‐intensity loading during athletic activity; and site 2, a continuously, but less intensively, loaded site in the centre of the joint. Results: Proteoglycan values increased from the surface to the deep layers of the cartilage, collagen content showed a reverse pattern. PG content was significantly higher at site 2 in both PASTEX and CONDEX animals without an effect of exercise. In the PASTEX animals collagen content was significantly higher at site 1, but in the CONDEX group the situation was reversed, due to a significant exercise effect on site 1, leading to a reduced collagen content. Conclusions: Collagen and PG content gradients agree with findings in other species. The observations on PG levels suggest that the exercise level was not strenuous. The collagen results in the PASTEX group confirmed earlier findings, the lower levels at site 1 in the CONDEX group being possibly due to an advancement of the physiological maturation process of collagen remodelling. Potential relevance: This study confirms earlier observations that even moderate variations in exercise level in early age may have significant effects on the collagen network of articular cartilage.  相似文献   

Development of a novel equine whole transcript oligonucleotide GeneChip microarray and its use in gene expression profiling of normal articular‐epiphyseal cartilage     

K. E. GLÄSER  Q. SUN  M. T. WELLS  A. J. NIXON 《Equine veterinary journal》2009,41(7):663-670

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Effect of poll flexion and dynamic laryngeal collapse on tracheal pressure in Norwegian Coldblooded Trotter racehorses     

E. Strand  C.T. Fjordbakk  S. J. Holcombe  A. Risberg  H. J. Chalmers 《Equine veterinary journal》2009,41(1):59-64

Reason for performing study: Dynamic laryngeal collapse (DLC) associated with poll flexion is a newly diagnosed upper respiratory tract obstructive disorder that causes poor racing performance. Objectives: To determine if Norwegian Coldblooded Trotters (NCTs) affected with DLC associated with poll flexion differ from normal, elite NCTs based on simple airway mechanics measurements. Methods: Five normal elite NCTs and 6 NCTs diagnosed previously with DLC underwent treadmill videoendoscopy while tracheal pressures were measured continuously. Alternating head positions were used such that horses were exercised with free head carriage and induced poll flexion at heart rates >200 beats/min. Results: Peak inspiratory tracheal pressures were significantly more negative for horses with DLC compared to the elite horses. This difference was only significant during the exercise phases when the poll region was flexed, P = 0.0015. Head position significantly affected peak inspiratory pressure for both elite and affected horses, P<0.0001. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Induced poll flexion significantly affected peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) in all horses; however, PIPs were significantly more negative in those affected with DLC. Based upon the tracheal pressure measurements recorded in this study, DLC in NCTs is a severe obstructive upper respiratory tract disorder that is induced by poll flexion.  相似文献   

Immunolocalization of cathepsin B in equinedyschondroplastic articular cartilage     

G. Hernandez-Vidal  L.B. Jeffcott  M.E. Davies 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》1998,156(3):193-201

A polyclonal antiserum raised in sheep against human cathepsin B was tested for specificity and cross-reactivity with the horse homologue by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting, prior to being used for immunolocalization of the enzyme in equine articular cartilage. In Western blots, the antiserum recognized the 30 kDa single chain and 25 kDa heavy chain of the mature enzyme in purified bovine cathepsin B, and corresponding bands at 32 and 27 kDa in equine chondrocyte and fibroblast lysates. This antiserum was then used to compare the expression and distribution of cathepsin B in normal and dyschondroplastic cartilage of young horses.In normal articular cartilage (n=6 animals), significant amounts of enzyme were detected only in hypertrophicchondrocytes in the deep zone. The enzyme was intracellular, located in the lysosomal granules. No extracellular matrix staining was observed. Levels of cathepsin B were increased slightly above normal in the deep zone in age-matched dyschondroplastic cartilage (n=5 animals). The most striking finding, however, was the abundance of the enzyme in chondrocyte clonal clusters associated with the lesions. Cathepsin B levels were low in chondrocytes isolated from normal cartilage (n=6), but increased progressively during serial subculture, reaching a maximum at passage 5–6. In contrast, primary cultures of dyschondroplastic chondrocytes (n=3) expressed abundant cathepsin B.  相似文献   

Chondromalacia of the cranial medial femoral condyle; its occurrence and association with clinical outcome in a population of adult horses with stifle lameness     

A. K. Croxford  R. A. Parker  J. H. Burford  D. Lloyd  J. C. Boswell  T. K. Hughes  T. J. Phillips 《Equine veterinary journal》2020,52(3):379-383

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响应面法优化孔鳐软骨抗氧化多肽的酶解工艺     

胡发远  赵玉勤  王斌 《安徽农业科学》2015,(9):107-109

[目的]探讨酶解法制备孔鳐鱼软骨抗氧化肽的最佳工艺。[方法]以孔鳐软骨为试验材料,以DPPH自由基清除率为考察指标,采用双酶复合法酶解制备抗氧化多肽,通过响应面分析优化为最佳酶解工艺参数。[结果]采用胰蛋白酶与碱性蛋白酶复配(1∶3)组合制备酶解物的抗氧化性最好,酶解的最优工艺条件为:p H 8.5,加酶量6.25%,料液比2.1%,温度50.19℃,预测的DPPH自由基清除率为34.45%。[结论]通过响应面设计优化确定了孔鳐软骨抗氧化多肽的酶解工艺,为软骨鱼类高值化利用提供技术支持。  相似文献   

Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 7. Bone and articular cartilage response in the carpus     

EC Firth  CW Rogers 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(2):113-122

AIM: To describe features of the morphology of the carpus, quantify the thickness of hyaline and calcified cartilage, and to describe the morphology and density of subchondral bone in the third carpal bone (C3) of young Thoroughbred horses in early training.

METHODS: C3 of seven 2-year-old horses in training and seven untrained horses matched for age, sex and breed were assessed by gross appearance, computed tomography, fine-structure radiography, image analysis of high-resolution photographs, and histology.

RESULTS: Macroscopic lesions in cartilage were few and mild, and not significantly different between groups. High bone mineral density (BMD), in some cases typical of cortical bone, was confined to the dorsal load path, and was significantly higher in trained than in untrained horses (p<0.01). In the most dorsoproximal aspect of the radial articular facet, apparently outside the dorsal load path, the BMD in both trained and untrained horses was significantly less than in other regions of interest (ROIs). Adaptive increase in density was associated with thickening of the (junctions of) trabeculae oriented proximo-distally. Hyaline cartilage was thicker (p<0.001) in the concavity of the radial articular facet than dorsal or palmar to it, and was thicker in the trained than untrained group (p=0.007). No such differences were detected in the thickness of articular calcified cartilage (ACC).

CONCLUSIONS: The rapid response of bone in C3 to relatively small amounts of high-speed exercise was confirmed. A previously unreported increase in thickness of hyaline cartilage was evident, perhaps indicating that this tissue may be more responsive than hitherto thought, at least to particular types of exercise at particular times. These changes occurred with little evidence of abnormality, and thus appeared to be adaptive to the exercise regimen. The model developed should be used for further definition of the exercise stimulus required to produce adaptive, protective changes in sites susceptible to athletic injury.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The data will serve as reference for use in subsequent imaging studies in which sophisticated aids such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to predict carpal lesions.  相似文献   

Novel oxidative pathways of sulphapyridine and sulphadiazine by the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans     

T.B. Vree  J.B. Vree  E.W.J. Beneken Kolmer  Y.A. Hekster 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(4):218-224

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VALIDATION OF DELAYED GADOLINIUM‐ENHANCED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF CARTILAGE AND T2 MAPPING FOR QUANTIFYING DISTAL METACARPUS/METATARSUS CARTILAGE THICKNESS IN THOROUGHBRED RACEHORSES     

Ann Carstens  Robert M. Kirberger  Leif E. Dahlberg  Leon Prozesky  Lizelle Fletcher  Eveliina Lammentausta 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2013,54(2):139-148

The purpose of this study was to determine whether delayed gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) and T2 mapping are accurate techniques for measuring cartilage thickness in the metacarpus3/metatarsus3 (Mc3/Mt3) of Thoroughbred racehorses. Twenty‐four Mc3/Mt3 cadaver specimens were acquired from six healthy racehorses. Cartilage thickness was measured from postintra‐articular Gd‐DTPA^2? images acquired using short tau inversion recovery (STIR), and proton density weighted (PDw) sequences, and compared with cartilage thickness measured from corresponding histologic images. Two observers performed each histologic measurement twice at three different sites, with measurement times spaced at least 5 days apart. Histologic cartilage thickness was measured at each of the three sites from the articular surface to the bone–cartilage interface, and from the articular surface to the mineralized cartilage interface (tidemark ) . Intra‐observer repeatability was good to moderate for dGEMRIC where Mc3/Mt3 cartilage was not in contact with the proximal phalanx. Where the Mc3/Mt3 cartilage was in contact with the proximal phalanx cartilage, dGEMRIC STIR and T2 mapping PDw cartilage thicknesses of Mc3/Mt3 could not be measured reliably. When measured from the articular surface to the bone–cartilage interface, histologic cartilage thickness did not differ from STIR or PDw cartilage thickness at the site where the Mc3/Mt3 cartilage surface was separated from the proximal phalanx cartilage (P > 0.05). Findings indicated that dGEMRIC STIR and T2 mapping PDw are accurate techniques for measuring Mc3/Mt3 cartilage thickness at locations where the cartilage is not in direct contact with the proximal phalanx cartilage.  相似文献