甘蓝夜蛾高毒力Bt菌株的筛选   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

樊东  李国勋 《沈阳农业大学学报》1999,30(3):334-336

东北农业大学昆虫教研室从黑龙江地区病死鳞翅目昆虫体内分离出苏云金杆菌（Bacillusthuringiensis,Bt）菌株74株,随后以甘蓝夜蛾为供试昆虫对这些菌株的毒力进行了测定,结果表明,很多菌株对甘蓝夜蛾的初孵幼虫均具有一定的毒力,经过初筛、复筛,试验选出了毒力相对较高的5个菌株,当菌液浓度在8×10~7个芽孢·mL(－1)时,甘蓝夜饿死亡率分别达到80％～95％,Lc50分别为43,63,68,710,1778倍液。  相似文献   

Antiobesity and cardiovascular toxic effects of Citrus aurantium extracts in the rat: a preliminary report     

Gioacchino Calapai  Fabio Firenzuoli  Antonio Saitta  Francesco Squadrito  Maria R. Arlotta  Giuseppina Costantino  Giuseppina Inferrera 《Fitoterapia》1999,70(6):1474

The effects of repeated oral administration of 2.5–20 mg/kg of two Citrus aurantium fruit extracts standardized to different concentrations of synephrine (4 and 6%, respectively) on food intake, body weight gain, arterial blood pressure, electrocardiogram (ECG) and mortality have been investigated in the rat. C. aurantium administration significantly reduced food intake and body weight gain. However, mortality (not observed in controls) was present in all C. aurantium treated groups. Arterial blood pressure was not modified, but ECG alterations (ventricular arhythmias with enlargement of QRS complex) were evident in animals treated with both extracts. Our data indicate that, in the rat, antiobesity effects of C. aurantium are accompanied by toxic effects probably due to cardiovascular toxicity.  相似文献   

氟马西尼联合肾上腺素对钩吻中毒的解救作用     

李玉娟  肖宁  贾文丹  李霞荣  郑晓峰  孙志良 《畜牧兽医学报》2022,53(3):938-946

旨在研究氟马西尼联合肾上腺素对钩吻中毒大鼠的解救效果,并验证钩吻可能的毒性作用靶点,为钩吻中毒机制探讨及解救钩吻中毒病例提供参考.构建钩吻大鼠中毒模型,将60只大鼠随机分为4组,分别为对照组、氟马西尼解救组、肾上腺素解救组、联合用药(氟马西尼+肾上腺素)解救组,记录各组大鼠中毒及死亡情况,并监测各组大鼠血压、心率,评价...  相似文献   

香蕉对低pH和铝毒胁迫的响应     

张江周  李宝深  吴良泉 《热带作物学报》2022,43(4):788-797

香蕉是世界重要的热带亚热带水果,在热带经济的发展中占有重要的地位.我国是世界香蕉重要生产国之一,总产量仅次于印度,位居世界第二.低pH和铝毒是香蕉生产中面临的重要限制因子,严重影响香蕉的产量和品质.明确低pH和铝毒胁迫对香蕉生长和养分吸收的影响,为调控酸性土壤提供重要的理论依据.本研究分别在盆栽和水培条件下开展试验,盆...  相似文献   

中药仔猪健的一般毒性试验     

邵红  王新 《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2004,16(3):61-63

仔猪健的急性毒性试验和蓄积性毒性试验结果表明,其LD50为7332mg／kg,蓄积系数为5．26。亚慢性毒性试验结果表明大剂量应用仔猪健对心、肺和脾有损害作用,可显著降低红细胞数、淋巴细胞数、血小板数和血红蛋白含量,具有一定的血细胞毒性作用。试验结果说明仔猪健可在兽医临床安全应用。  相似文献   

Assessment of aluminum sensitivity of maize cultivars using roots of intact plants and excised root tips     

Lutz Collet  Carlos de Leon  Malte Kollmeier  Nicole Schmohl  Walter J. Horst 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2002,165(3):357-365

Maize cultivars (Zea mays L.) were evaluated for their aluminum (Al) sensitivity using intact plants and excised root tips exposed to 25 μM Al in nutrient solution of low ionic strength and pH 4.3. Aluminum supply increased callose formation and Al concentrations in root tips of intact plants as well as in excised root tips. Using intact plants, differences in Al sensitivity among cultivars could be characterized by Al‐induced callose formation, Al‐induced inhibition of root elongation, as well as Al contents in root tips as parameters. Significant correlations between Al‐induced callose formation and Al contents in root tips (r² = 0.64**) and inhibition of root elongation (r² = 0.80***) were found. Excised root tips did not show a significant Al‐induced inhibition of root elongation. While average Al‐induced callose formation was similar for root tips of intact plants and excised root tips, mean Al contents in excised root tips were up to 1.5‐fold higher than in root tips of intact plants after 24 h of Al treatment. Aluminum‐induced callose formation as found in excised root tips did neither correspond to Al‐induced callose formation nor to inhibition of root elongation of intact plants. The addition of 10 mM glucose to the incubation medium led to a significant increase in the elongation of excised root tips and a 2‐3‐fold increase in Al‐induced callose formation. Staining with triphenyl‐tetrazolium‐chloride (TTC) revealed increased viability of these root segments. However, these effects of glucose supply did not improve the characterization of the cultivars for Al resistance. The results presented suggest that Al exclusion mechanisms expressed in root tips of intact plants might be non‐operational in excised root tips. Therefore, the characterization of maize germplasm for Al resistance using excised root tips appears not to be reliable.  相似文献   

Dietary 1,8‐cinoele affects serum enzymatic activities and immunological characteristics in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to ambient ammonia     

Ali Taheri Mirghaed  Sahel Fayaz  Seyyed Morteza Hoseini 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(1):146-153

The present study aimed to investigate effects of dietary 1,8‐cineole (cineole) on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) health under ammonia toxicity. The fish were fed with four diets supplemented by 0 (control), 0.1 (0.1C), 0.5 (0.5C), and 1 (1C) percent cineole for 2 weeks, before a 24‐hr ammonia exposure. Blood samples were taken before and after ammonia exposure. The results showed that ammonia exposure significantly (p < 0.05) increased serum urea levels, and decreased serum alternative complement (ACH50) activity and serum total immunoglobulin (Ig) levels. Cineole significantly (p < 0.05) increased serum ACH50 activity (0.1% and 0.5% levels) and total Ig levels (0.5% levels). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in serum total protein, albumin and globulin levels among the treatments. Before ammonia exposure, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and lysozyme activities among the cineole treatments. The treatment 0.5C had the lowest lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities before ammonia exposure. After ammonia exposure, serum LDH and ALT activities increased in all treatments, but the treatment 0.5C had the lowest activities. Serum ALP activities increased after the ammonia exposure in the control and 1C groups. Serum AST and lysozyme activities increased after the challenge in all groups except for the 0.5C group. Overall, the results suggest that ammonia exposure causes increase in serum LDH, ALP, AST, and ALT activities and decreased immune responses, which are indicator of tissue damage and immunosuppression. 0.5% cineole is capable to suppress adverse effects of ammonia intoxication in carp.  相似文献   

Implications of nutrient enrichment for the conservation and management of seagrass Zostera muelleri meadows     

Moyang Li  Carolyn J. Lundquist  Conrad A. Pilditch  T.A.V. Rees  Joanne Ellis 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(9):1484-1502

常州三山港沉积物污染生物效应及致毒因子初探     

邸子佼  徐东炯  王晋  张海燕  段雪梅  张翔  曹雨平 《水生态学杂志》2019,40(3):41-48

为探讨常州三山港沉积物污染的生物效应,加强沉积物的生态管理,对7个监测断面沉积物进行采样调查。综合大型底栖动物生物群落监测、沉积物生物急性毒性试验及重金属污染分析3种方法反映沉积物污染生物效应状况,通过TIE方法对沉积物的致毒因子进行初步识别。结果显示,各监测断面的大型底栖动物完整性指数B-IBI为0～0.38,评价等级为差至一般;毒性实验表明,沉积物孔隙水费氏弧菌(Vibrio fischeri)相对发光强度为47.9%～82.8%,全泥相钩虾(Gammarus sp.)及梨形环棱螺(Bellamya purificata)10 d存活率分别为36.7%～93.3%和33.3%～76.7%,都具有不同程度的急性毒性,群落监测和实验室分析均说明该河流沉积物在群落及种群水平上存在明显的污染生物效应。孔隙水中加入Na-EDTA后发光细菌急性毒性变化显著,1个断面毒性消除,2个断面接近无毒水平,2个断面毒性改善明显。该河流沉积物锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、铬(Cr)含量均超过江苏省土壤背景值,除石埝桥断面外,平均地累积指数(I_(geo))均在1.08～2.75,重金属污染水平总体达中-强程度。4个监测断面沉积物Zn含量超过了《GB15618-1995土壤环境质量标准》三级标准;I_(geo)、发光细菌相对发光强度、B-IBI三者结果存在显著-极显著相关性,具有关联响应关系。研究表明,以Zn为首要污染的重金属是常州三山港沉积物污染生物效应的主要致毒因子之一。  相似文献   

Optimum selenium levels in diets high in plant‐based feedstuffs for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fingerlings     

David Domínguez  Zakarya Sehnine  Pedro Castro  Lidia Robaina  Ramon Fontanillas  Philip Antony Jesu Prabhu  Marisol Izquierdo 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(2):579-589

Substitution of marine ingredients (FM‐FO) by plant protein and oil sources can modify selenium (Se) levels in feeds. Se plays an important role in the antioxidative defence by forming part of selenoproteins. Se requirements of gilthead sea bream are not accurately determined; therefore, this study was conducted to define Se supplementation levels in low FM‐FO practical diets for sea bream fingerlings. A plant‐based diet containing 0.45 mg Se/kg diet was used as the basal diet. Four other diets were supplemented to contain 0.68, 0.86, 1.00 or 1.70 mg Se/kg diet, supplied as sodium selenite. Sea bream, weighing 12.6 ± 1.4 g, were distributed in triplicate groups per diet and fed for 42 days. Se supplementation up to 1.00 mg Se/kg significantly improved the growth of sea bream, whereas further increase up to 1.70 mg Se/kg diet reduced growth. The results of this study suggest that the optimum dietary levels of sodium selenite in diets with low FM‐FO with basal levels of 0.45 mg Se/kg are around 0.94 mg Se/kg to promote growth of gilthead sea bream juveniles. On the contrary, dietary levels of 1.70 mg Se/kg were found to be excessive and caused growth reduction, increased catalase expression and hydropic degeneration in the liver.  相似文献