Diagnosis and treatment of mastitis in mares     

I. F. Canisso  G. Podico  R. E. Ellerbrock 《Equine Veterinary Education》2021,33(6):320-326

Infection and inflammation of the udder (mastitis) is a common condition affecting all domestic mammals, but it appears to be less prevalent in mares than in dairy cows and dairy goats. The seemingly reduced incidence of mastitis in mares can be partially explained by the smaller size and relatively concealed location of the mare’s udder, coupled with a smaller storage capacity than cows and goats. Mastitis can affect lactating, peripartum, dry mares, mares at dry-off or prepubertal foals. Common clinical signs include swollen mammary tissue, abnormal mammary gland secretion, fever and anorexia; less common signs are hindlimb lameness and a swollen mammary vein. On rare occasions, mastitis pathogens can severely affect the nursing foal and mares may develop fibrotic tissue and consequent agalactia in the side(s) or quarter(s) affected. Based on the clinical presentation, mastitis can be classified as acute or chronic, and clinical or subclinical. Diagnosis is based on the clinical signs aided with aerobic culture and cytological evaluation of the gland secretion. In addition, these ancillary tests can also be used to assess prognosis and duration of treatment. Mares suffering from mastitis may present neutrophilia and hyperfibrinogenaemia. Treatment for mastitis includes antimicrobial therapy (systemic and/or locally), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, frequent milking and cold hosing with/without hot-packing applied on the gland. While the frequent monitoring of mares after weaning and reducing food intake should be part of common practices at weaning, cleaning of the udder, control of insect populations and frequent milking of mares with a foal unable to nurse can also aid in preventing mastitis.  相似文献   

The known unknowns of equine mammary neoplasia     

K. Hughes 《Equine Veterinary Education》2021,33(9):464-467

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高表达线粒体融合蛋白2(MFN2)可抑制高BHBA活化的奶牛肝细胞NF-κB炎性通路     

左冉坤  迟良  董记红  李心慰  王哲  刘国文  刘焕奇 《中国兽医学报》2021,(2):302-306,331

为研究线粒体融合蛋白2(mitofusin 2,MFN2)对高β-羟丁酸(β-hydroxybutyrate,BHBA)活化NF-κB炎性通路的影响,体外培养奶牛肝细胞,添加不同浓度(0.0,1.2,2.4,4.8 mmol/L)的BHBA,并转染过表达MFN2的腺病毒,运用Western blot和qRT-PCR技术检测NF-κB炎性通路关键分子的基因和蛋白表达。结果显示,随着BHBA浓度的增加,IKBα和NF-κB p65的磷酸化水平以及IL-1β、IL-6和TNFα的mRNA表达均显著升高,MFN2的基因和蛋白表达水平则显著降低;过表达MFN2后,显著抑制了高BHBA诱导的IKBα和NF-κB p65磷酸化水平及IL-1β、IL-6、TNFαmRNA表达水平的升高。结果表明,在奶牛肝细胞中过表达MFN2可以显著抑制高BHBA活化的NF-κB炎性通路。  相似文献   

奶牛非饲草来源纤维营养研究进展     

吕佳颖  王二旦  郝阳毅  李胜利 《动物营养学报》2021,33(1)

本文在总结分析国内外最新研究成果的基础上,对非饲草来源纤维(NFFS)对奶牛的营养作用和生理影响及其机理进行了综述,主要从NFFS部分替代饲草对奶牛生产性能、瘤胃草垫层和瘤胃发酵的影响,以及NFFS部分替代精料对饲料效率、生产性能和亚急性瘤胃酸中毒(SARA)奶牛生理的影响等方面进行论述,旨在为NFFS饲料在奶牛饲粮中的科学合理利用提供理论参考和依据。  相似文献   

Effect of relationships among clinical mastitis incidence,reproductive performance,and culling rate on the lifetime of dairy cows at Hiroshima University Farm     

Yuzo Kurokawa  Miki Okita  Hirokazu Kubota  Yoshimasa Tsumiyama  Ichiro Chikamatsu  Akiyoshi Tanaka  Taketo Obitsu  Kensuke Kawamura 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13591

Farm managers' decision to cull dairy cows is based on the cows' milk production, history of disorder(s), and reproductive performance, each of which affects dairy cows' lifetime (herd life and productive lifespan). We investigated the relationships among the incidence of clinical mastitis (CM), the reproductive performance, and the culling rate. We also assessed the effects of these relationships on the lifetimes of dairy cows, using the records made before and after the introduction of an automatic milking system (AMS) at Hiroshima University Farm. Milk yield, CM incidence density, and culling rate of dairy cows increased after the AMS introduction. The CM incidence was associated with an elongation of the calving interval in cows with the same parity. CM in the 1st parity might have caused the reductions of the cows' lifetime and their parity at culling. A higher age at first calving (AFC) was associated with an increase in culling rate but did not lead to a significant decrease in lifetime. Investigations of the factors mediating CM in the 1st parity or AFC with CM incidence or culling rate in the later stages might contribute to the control of lifetime of dairy cows.  相似文献   

宁夏地区荷斯坦牛成母牛淘汰情况及长寿性影响因素分析     

张海亮  陈紫薇  师睿  田佳  高旭红  温万  王雅春 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(1):200-208

试验通过收集出生、产犊和离群的记录,探究宁夏地区荷斯坦牛成母牛的淘汰情况,分析影响该地区奶牛长寿性的因素。对15 523头荷斯坦牛的生产寿命、在群寿命和利用胎次进行描述性统计,分析淘汰时的胎次、季节和泌乳阶段的分布情况;计算生产寿命、在群寿命和利用胎次之间的表型相关,利用固定模型分析场-出生年、出生季节、牧场规模、淘汰原因和头胎产犊月龄对长寿性的影响。结果显示,宁夏地区荷斯坦牛的平均利用胎次为2.36胎,平均生产寿命为736.59 d。荷斯坦牛成母牛在产后第1个月内的淘汰风险最高,随着泌乳阶段的延长,成母牛在每个胎次内的淘汰风险均逐渐降低;随着淘汰胎次的增加,奶牛淘汰更加集中发生在产后泌乳早期;生产寿命、在群寿命和利用胎次之间存在较高的表型相关（均>0.9）,场-出生年、出生季节、牧场规模、淘汰原因和头胎产犊月龄对长寿性有显著影响（P<0.05）,春季出生和22月龄头胎产犊的奶牛长寿性表现更好。本研究初步揭示了宁夏地区荷斯坦牛成母牛的淘汰规律和长寿性的影响因素,为宁夏地区牛群选育成母牛长寿性状奠定了基础。  相似文献   

影响荷斯坦奶牛产犊间隔的因素及其研究进展     

宋真  赵善江  李来宝  许慧韬  朱化彬 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(3):982-990

产犊间隔（calving internal,CI）又称胎间距,即两次产犊间的时间间隔,能够综合反映奶牛发情、配种、妊娠和产犊等繁殖性能,是衡量奶牛繁殖性能的一个重要指标,同时也是影响奶牛产奶量和产犊数量的重要因素,对奶牛养殖经济效益具有直接影响。最新研究显示,适宜产犊间隔与牛群泌乳能力相关,泌乳能力越高,适宜产犊间隔应越长。但是,即使中国规模化牛场产奶量已经有了大幅提升,中国大多数牧场还在追求更短的产犊间隔。为此,作者对影响荷斯坦奶牛产犊间隔的因素及其研究进展进行概述,并简要阐述了产犊间隔对牛场经济效益的影响,以期为中国荷斯坦奶牛养殖确定适宜产犊间隔提供一定的借鉴和理论依据。  相似文献   

疫情下乳制品需求旺盛,低温鲜奶市场蓬勃发展     

杨祯妮  王加启  马广旭  程广燕 《中国乳业》2021,(7):13-17

2020年新冠肺炎疫情（简称“疫情”）爆发后,我国乳制品消费量一度下降,随着疫情逐步得到控制,液态乳制品销售量于4月后开始恢复为同比正向增长,此后乳制品消费总量加快增长,消费结构不断优化,尤其是低温鲜奶消费一枝独秀。近年来,我国低温鲜奶消费呈加速增长趋势,2020年同比增幅达25.6%,增速创历史新高。总的看,近年来在政策鼓励、技术创新、市场培育三大因素推动下,低温鲜奶消费持续较快增长,而疫情下消费者对营养健康的关注度提高大大助推了这一进程,预计这一趋势仍将持续,建议顺应消费升级趋势,加大奶源生产基地和冷链设施建设,构筑乳业高质量发展的基础。  相似文献   

过瘤胃氨基酸对泌乳早期奶牛生产性能、乳成分和血液生化指标的影响     

姜富贵  李德鹏  成海建  苏文政  张召坤  时光  宋恩亮 《中国乳业》2021,(7):25-31

为研究日粮添加过瘤胃氨基酸对泌乳早期奶牛生产性能、乳成分、血液生化指标和经济效益的影响,选择96 头体况良好、健康的泌乳早期荷斯坦牛,泌乳天数为（65±15）天。采用单因素随机区组试验设计,按照年龄、胎次和产奶量相近的原则,将96 头奶牛随机分为对照组和试验组,每组48 头。对照组为基础日粮,试验组在对照组日粮的基础上添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸（RPMet）和过瘤胃赖氨酸（RPLys）,添加量分别为18 g/头·天和35 g/头·天。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加RPMet和RPLys显著提高产奶量（P=0.034）,对干物质采食量和饲料转化率无显著影响（P>0.050）;添加RPMet和RPLys显著降低乳尿素氮含量（P=0.015）,对乳脂率有增加的趋势（P=0.096）,对乳蛋白率、乳体细胞数、乳糖率和总固形物含量无显著影响（P>0.050）;添加RPMet和RPLys显著提高血清总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）和血糖（GLU）含量,显著降低尿素氮（BUN）含量（P=0.049）,对谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、球蛋白（GLOB）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、甘油三酯（TG）和总胆固醇（TC）含量无显著影响（P>0.050）;添加RPMet和RPLys可提高经济效益3.60 元/头·天。综上所述,日粮添加RPMet和RPLys可提高泌乳早期奶牛的产奶量,增加经济效益。  相似文献   

新疆某牧场乳房炎奶样的细菌分离鉴定与药物敏感试验     

陈明杰  曹梦园  王晨豫  闫雪琪  齐亚银 《中国乳业》2021,(7):59-62

目前,乳房炎仍然是奶牛养殖过程中最常见和最严重的疾病之一,每年给我国奶牛养殖业造成巨大的损失。为了解新疆某规模化牧场奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌,通过实验鉴定和分离其场内乳房炎奶样的致病菌,并进行药物敏感试验,以期为奶牛乳房炎临床治疗以及预防提供有效指导意见。试验结果分离到大肠杆菌、链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌,表明该牧场乳房炎是由多种致病菌引起的。药敏试验结果显示,头孢吡肟、头孢曲松对上述致病菌抑制效果最佳。  相似文献