不同蛋白质水平代乳粉对牦犊牛体重及血清生化指标的影响     

鲍宇红  宋天增  冯柯  张卫兵  参木友 《中国农业大学学报》2020,25(5):78-85

为探究西藏地区牦牛代乳粉哺育犊牛的适宜蛋白质水平,本试验以藏区高山牦牛为研究对象,研究不同蛋白水平对哺乳期牦犊牛的体重和血清学指标的影响,以筛选出蛋白质水平最佳的代乳粉。选取40头新生当雄县牦犊牛,随机分为4组(n=10):对照组犊牛随母牦牛哺乳(CON),试验组犊牛分别饲喂蛋白水平为21.95%低蛋白组(LP)、24.28%中蛋白组(MP)和26.11%高蛋白组(HP)3种牦牛代乳品。饲喂时间为犊牛30～90d日龄,期间跟踪测定犊牛体重,并分别在30、60和90d日龄采集血清进行分析。结果表明:饲喂3种代乳粉的犊牛体重均显著高于对照组(P0.001),120d日龄时HP组犊牛体重达到最高值;3种代乳粉对犊牛血清抗氧化指标和免疫指标产生一定的影响,其中HP组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性有高于LP组的趋势(0.05P0.1),且HP组丙二醛含量及肿瘤坏死因子a较其他3组低,而免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgM)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性均较其他3组高。综合分析显示在西藏地区蛋白水平为26%的牦牛代乳粉饲喂哺乳期牦犊牛的效果较好。  相似文献   

乳制品冷链物流的库存-生产策略优化研究     

邹逸  刘勤明  叶春明  刘文溢 《保鲜与加工》2020,20(2):219-225

在日益激烈的企业生存竞争中,针对乳制品生产企业如何选取合适的生产批量和库存水平的问题,提出了成本-时间-客户满意度的三目标优化模型。首先,考虑乳制品的库存费用、周转时间和客户满意度,分别建立库存生产成本、库存周转时间和客户满意度优化模型;其次,以生产批量和库存水平为决策变量,应用多目标遗传算法,集成库存生产成本模型、库存周转时间模型和客户满意度模型,求出所有非劣解;最后,应用伪权向量法,通过保质期不同的产品验证提出的模型。结果表明,对于不同保质期的产品,均可得出最优库存生产批量大小和最优库存水平。  相似文献   

基于Shapley值法的奶牛产业链利润分配机制研究     

李治  胡志全 《干旱区资源与环境》2019,33(1):77-83

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INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS: LESSONS FROM NEW YORK,BRITISH COLUMBIA,AND THE SOUTH-EASTERN UNITED STATES     

Alan FRANZLUEBBERS  Derek HUNT  Gary TELFORD  Shabtai BITTMAN  Quirine KETTERINGS 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2021,8(1):81-96

• Livestock production in North America has moved to fewer farms with greater inventories • Land application of livestock manures is a preferred nutrient recycling strategy • Confined animal feeding operations have challenges to utilize livestock manure sustainably • Integration of livestock and cropping systems is possible on a farm or among farms • Nutrient balance is needed for environmental sustainability Livestock production in the United States (US) and Canada is diverse, but shows a common trend in most livestock sectors toward fewer farms producing the majority of animal products despite a large number of farms still small in production scale. The migration to larger and more concentrated animal feeding operations in beef finishing and poultry, swine, and dairy production allows processors to streamline supplies to meet market demand for abundant, low-cost livestock products, whether that be for packaged meat, dairy products, or eggs. With concentration of livestock operations comes the challenge of managing manures. When sufficient land is available and nutrients are needed, livestock manure is an excellent nutrient source and land application is the preferred method of recycling this resource. However, when livestock production is constrained in a geographical area and animal densities are high, manure may become an environmental liability with potentially greater risk for runoff and leaching of nutrients, emission of odors, ammonia, and greenhouse gases, and release to the environment of pathogens and chemicals of emerging concern. Addressing these challenges now and into the future requires learning from mistakes and adopting successful approaches. We describe different levels of integration between livestock and crop producers in New York, British Columbia, and the south-eastern US as learning opportunities to improve economic and environmental sustainability. Examples show that effective solutions should recognize (1) manure has value and is not just a cost, (2) farmers, farm advisors, extension educators, nutrient management planners, crop advisors, nutritionists, state agency personnel, regulators, and university researchers need to be active participants in development of solutions, and (3) change to a sustainable future requires a combination of government regulation and outcome-based incentives.  相似文献   

大庆地区奶牛真胃疾病的流行病学调查     

郑都春  王相友  张洪友  夏成 《黑龙江农业科学》2007,(1):60-61,64

为了阐明奶牛真胃疾病在大庆周边地区的流行病学特点,对肇源县、林甸县、杜蒙县、大庆红岗区等地的14 210头奶牛的四种真胃疾病(真胃炎、真胃阻塞、真胃溃疡和真胃变位)进行了调查.调查结果表明:饲养管理、胎次、泌乳量、发病时期与真胃疾病有较大关系.同时进行了病因分析和讨论,并提出了建设性的防治对策.  相似文献   

Regression tree analysis of the relationship between the concentrations of antimicrobial components and the microbiota of normal milk from dairy cows     

Yasunori SHINOZUKA  Naoki SUZUKI  Sohei KANEKO  Kazuhiro KAWAI  Tomomi KURUMISAWA  Yuko SHIMIZU  Tadashi IMANISHI  Ayumu OHNO  Mano TAKAHASHI  Naoki ISOBE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(3):310

The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of antimicrobial components (immunoglobulin A (IgA), lactoferrin (LF), lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP), and S100A7) in normal milk and their relation to host factors (Age, somatic cell count (SCC), days in milk, richness, and alpha diversity of the milk microbiota) in dairy cows using multivariate regression tree analyses, and to clarify how the milk microbiota is related to the obtained results. Thirty normal milk samples were collected from a commercial dairy farm in June 2020. The thresholds that predicted the concentration of each antimicrobial component in milk were obtained by regression tree analysis, and the beta-diversity of the milk microbiota composition between groups divided according to each threshold was compared by an analysis of similarities test. The IgA and LF concentrations were mainly predicted by the SCC (177,500 and 70,000 cells/ml, respectively), and the LAP and S100A7 concentrations were predicted by Age (29.667 and 40.3 months, respectively). No relationship was observed between the concentration of IgA, LAP, or S100A7 and the milk microbiota composition between the groups divided by the threshold for prediction, but the milk microbiota composition was significantly different between the groups divided by the threshold for predicting the LF concentration. Our results indicated that the LF concentration in normal milk may be associated with the milk microbiota composition.  相似文献   

影响静态箱检测开放式气体排放源N2O排放通量的关键因子     

刘羽  周婧  李柯萍  李欣瑜  王朝元  施正香  李保明 《农业工程学报》2020,36(8):182-187

为研究影响静态箱检测开放式气体排放源氧化亚氮(N2O)排放通量的关键因子,以提高静态箱检测气体排放通量的准确性,该文在实验室条件下,探究了箱体配置(有无通气孔、有无风扇)和检测条件(不同密闭时间:30、40、50和60 min;不同排放源表面风速:0、0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0 m/s)对300 mm(直径)×300 mm(高度)(D300 mm×H300 mm)的静态箱检测N2O排放通量准确性的影响规律。结果表明,不同配置的静态箱测量结果偏差率随时间的变化趋势均相同,其中有通气孔和风扇的箱体在不同风速下的检测稳定性较好,检测准确性最高。当排放源表面风速为0~2 m/s时,风扇对静态箱检测准确性无显著性影响,排放源表面的风主要通过通气孔影响静态箱的检测准确性。静态箱检测的气体排放通量与实际排放通量的偏差率随排放源表面风速和箱体密闭时间的增加而显著降低。该试验推荐在排放源表面风速小于2 m/s的无粪便堆积的奶牛运动场以及排放源介质相似的开放式气体排放系统中使用有通气孔和风扇的静态箱对N2O排放通量进行检测,密闭50 min。  相似文献   

天祝白牦牛HSP60基因的克隆及其在下丘脑-垂体-睾丸中的表达定位研究     

阮崇美  王相生  张勇  马友记  胡俊杰  赵兴绪 《核农学报》2017,31(7)

热休克蛋白60(HSP60)不仅在细胞保护方面发挥作用,也参与雄性动物生殖生理的调控。为研究HSP60基因序列特性及其在天祝白牦牛下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴(HPT-axis)上的表达情况,探寻其在白牦牛睾丸发育、精子发生过程中的作用机制,本研究采用RT-PCR和RACE技术获得白牦牛HSP60基因全长cDNA序列,采用生物信息学方法分析HSP60蛋白的理化性质、结构及不同物种之间的同源性等,并利用qPCR、Western blotting、免疫组化法分析HSP60在白牦牛下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴中的表达及定位。结果表明,白牦牛HSP60基因cDNA全长为2 300 bp,开放阅读框为1 722 bp,编码572个氨基酸;其理论分子量为60.977k Da、等电点为5.69,编码的蛋白为非跨膜可溶性蛋白。氨基酸序列比对结果显示,白牦牛HSP60氨基酸序列与牛、瘤牛、绵羊、藏羚羊、骆驼、白犀牛、兔和黑猩猩的氨基酸序列同源性高、进化水平相近。HSP60基因及蛋白在白牦牛的下丘脑、垂体及睾丸组织中均有表达,其中下丘脑及垂体组织表达量显著高于睾丸,下丘脑和垂体之间差异不显著。免疫组化结果显示,HSP60蛋白定位表达于白牦牛下丘脑组织的室旁核大细胞、室旁核小细胞和神经角演网、垂体组织的腺细胞、睾丸组织的精原细胞、精母细胞、支持细胞和间质细胞,而精子细胞中表达较弱。通过对健康成年白牦牛HSP60在下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴的表达与定位检测,推断HSP60参与雄性白牦牛生殖轴调控,并参与睾丸发育与精子发生。本研究结果为进一步研究HSP60对雄性生殖调控奠定了基础。  相似文献   

奶牛养殖小区规划设计研究与探讨     

邓先德  程勤阳  田立亚 《农业工程学报》2006,(Z2)

奶源基地建设是我国奶业发展的基础,奶牛养殖小区是目前我国奶牛养殖的可行模式。该文依据目前我国奶牛养殖约有72．7％为农户养殖的现状,立足奶牛养殖小区及其配套设施建设存在的问题,对奶牛养殖小区进行合理规划布局,并提出了奶牛养殖小区建设相应的技术参数,目的在于为奶牛养殖小区建设单位提供参考,改变我国庭院式奶牛饲养方式,提高奶牛饲养管理水平,改善奶源质量。在平面布局上,应该有管理生活区、奶牛生产区、辅助生产区和粪污处理区等4个功能区域。管理生活区和辅助生产区应建在小区的地势较高,上风向处;而粪污处理区设在地势低、下风向处;奶牛生产区设在小区中间。  相似文献   

不同堆肥方式对奶牛粪便处理效果的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

夏炜林  黄宏坤  漆智平  王庆锁 《农业工程学报》2006,(Z2)

以奶牛粪便为原料,进行了堆肥槽、露天条垛和接种外源微生物的对比试验。结果表明:与露天条垛堆肥相比较,堆肥槽能节省50％以上土地,并可防止二次污染;露天条垛堆体温度升高至50℃比槽式堆体提前了3d;接种外源微生物制剂堆体升温至50℃比未接种的提前2～3d;本试验中各处理的种子发芽指数变化表明,牛粪经过20d堆肥处理后就对植物无毒性。  相似文献