镉胁迫下增施氮对白三叶草生长的影响和镉毒害的缓解效应研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

董姬妃  张帆  胡雨寒  李俊承  李维  王娴淑 《草业学报》2017,26(9):83-91

为了解镉(Cd)胁迫下施加外源氮对植物生长生理的影响及解毒机理, 本研究采用盆栽试验, 以白三叶草为材料, 研究了在重金属镉(CdCl₂·2.5H₂O)胁迫下施加氮[CO(NH₂)₂]对其生长、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性、镉含量、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和植物络合素(PCs)含量的影响。结果表明, 单独的Cd处理显著抑制白三叶草生长及叶绿素的合成;而镉胁迫下施加氮显著促进了白三叶草的生长, 其生物量和叶绿素含量显著提高。同时, 镉胁迫下增施氮显著提高了植株过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及白三叶草植株体内镉含量。单独镉处理显著增加了PCs含量, GSH含量显著降低;而镉胁迫下增施氮使GSH和PCs含量均显著增加。由此说明, 外源氮素在植物对重金属镉的解毒过程起到了重要的作用, 缓解了镉对白三叶草的毒害。  相似文献   

苹果汁中棒曲霉素臭氧脱毒设备的设计与应用     

刁恩杰  刘巍  王月  郝佳容  王菲  王晨琳  周悦  刘李蒙  李向阳 《农业工程学报》2018,34(12):282-287

为了高效降解苹果汁中棒曲霉素,研制了一套利用臭氧技术降解棒曲霉素的设备。该设备利用臭氧的强氧化性,使其与苹果汁充分接触,从而使苹果汁中的棒曲霉素发生氧化分解。以人工污染的苹果汁为试验材料,研究了该设备的脱毒效果及对果汁主要品质指标的影响。研究结果表明:该臭氧脱毒设备能够有效降解苹果汁中的棒曲霉素,且臭氧浓度和臭氧处理时间均显著影响棒曲霉素的降解效果(P0.05)。在果汁棒曲霉素起始浓度约为201.60μg/L,pH值3.5和可溶性固形物质量分数为15%时,用12 mg/L的臭氧在3 L/min流速下处理15 min,可将棒曲霉素减少到约49.24μg/L,降解率达75.58%,达到世界卫生组织(WHO)和英国软饮料协会(British soft drinks association,BSDA)设定的最大允许限量50μg/L的要求。臭氧处理对果汁可溶性固形物含量、pH值和总酸度无显著影响(P0.05),但对果汁透光率、色值、苹果酸和总酚含量影响较大(P0.05)。该设备具有投资小、脱毒效率高、脱毒成本低、环保无污染、结构简单、易操作、适合各种规模的果汁企业等优势,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。  相似文献   

健脾理气、祛湿化瘀解毒法治疗晚期结直肠癌临床研究          下载免费PDF全文

谢胜军  梁慧  李晓萍  李伟  曾伟  尚姣 《勤云标准版测试》2017,37(2):196-199

目的 评估健脾理气、祛湿化瘀解毒法治疗晚期结直肠癌的临床疗效。方法 将80例晚期结直肠癌患者随机分为中药组和对照组,每组各40例,中药组予以健脾理气、祛湿化瘀解毒中药,同时给予必要对症治疗,对照组给予单纯最佳支持治疗（BSC）,观察两组临床症状、生存质量（KPS）、免疫指标、心电图、血常规及肝肾功能的变化情况,并随访患者疾病进展时间（TTP）。结果 在改善临床症状方面中药组治疗后较治疗前症状积分降低,前后比较有统计学意义（P<0.05）,治疗后两组比较,中药组显著优于对照组（P<0.05）;在提高生存质量（KPS）方面,中药组治疗后较治疗前KPS评分升高,前后比较有统计学意义（P<0.05）,治疗后中药组生存质量优于对照组有统计意义（P<0.05）;在免疫指标方面,中药组治疗后NK细胞活性及CD4/CD8比值均上升,前后比较有显著统计学意义（P<0.05）,治疗后中药组免疫指标提高较对照组有统计意义（P<0.05）;治疗前后两组心电图、血常规、肝肾功能无明显变化;在疾病进展时间方面,中药组的TTP为6个月,对照组TTP为3个月,中药组TTP较对照组延长3个月,两组比较有显著统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 健脾理气、祛湿化瘀解毒法治疗晚期结直肠癌患者在改善临床症状、提高生存质量和免疫力、延长无疾病进展时间等方面都具有较好的疗效。  相似文献   

蒸汽爆破木质纤维原料的乙醇脱毒研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

瞿亮  徐勇  张红漫  黄和  应汉杰 《林产化学与工业》2010,30(1):22-26

以乙醇为溶剂,采用抽提的方法去除蒸汽爆破玉米秸秆中的甲酸、乙酸、糠醛及羟甲基糠醛等抑制物,比较了动态和静态两种不同的抽提方法对抑制物和糖的抽提效果,考察了温度、固液比和时间等因素对不同条件下乙醇静态抽提效果的影响。以总抑制物抽提率/总糖抽提率为评价指标,通过正交试验,对温度、固液比、时间3个因素在不同水平下的乙醇静态抽提效果进行直观分析和方差分析,确定了乙醇静态抽提的最佳试验条件为:温度80℃,固液比1∶10(g∶mL),抽提时间60 min。在最佳试验条件下,两种最重要的抑制物甲酸和乙酸的抽提率分别达到84%和98%。  相似文献   

二斑叶螨抗甲氰菊酯种群解毒酶基因表达分析     

杨顺义  岳秀利  王进军  刘长仲  沈慧敏  沈一凡  郭金梅 《草业学报》2015,24(8):150-158

基因mRNA水平相对表达量的显著变化是二斑叶螨对拟除虫菊酯类药剂产生抗性的重要机制。为了揭示二斑叶螨对甲氰菊酯抗性产生的解毒酶分子机理,本研究采用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real time PCR, qRT-PCR)方法分析二斑叶螨实验室敏感(SS)和田间种群(LZ-R、GN-R、WW-R、TS-R和LX-R)主要解毒酶谷胱甘肽转移酶(glutathione s-transferases, GSTs)、细胞色素P450单加氧酶(cytocheome P450 monooxygenases, P450s) 及羧酸酯酶(carboxyl/cholinesterases, CCEs)基因mRNA水平相对表达量的差异。结果表明,二斑叶螨不同种群不同解毒酶基因的相对表达量不同。WW-R和TS-R种群中TuGSTd05以及LX-R种群中TuGSTd01和 TuGSTd06基因表达量均显著上调,为SS种群的1.42~2.34倍,而GN-R种群中TuGSTd04,LZ-R种群中TuGSTd05 和GSTd09表达量显著下调,为SS种群的0.41~0.70倍;P450s基因CYP406A1 和CYP4CL1表达量在LZ-R、GN-R以及WW-R种群中均显著上调,分别为SS种群的1.80~4.88倍,此外,CYP387A1在LZ-R种群中显著上调2.19倍,而在LX-R种群中显著下调0.42倍;CCEs基因TuCCE-35表达量在WW-R和TS-R种群中显著上调,分别为SS种群的2.82和3.09倍,而TuCCE-36基因在所有种群中的表达量均不显著。二斑叶螨不同种群中解毒酶基因GSTs、P450s 和CCEs的显著上调或下调可能与甲氰菊酯的抗性形成有关。  相似文献   

Effects of four host plants on susceptibility of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae to five insecticides and activities of detoxification esterases     

Ming Xue  Yun‐Hong Pang  Qing‐Liang Li  Tong‐Xian Liu 《Pest management science》2010,66(12):1273-1279

BACKGROUND: The tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (F.), is one of the most destructive polyphagous pests worldwide. The susceptibility of S. litura larvae reared on tobacco, Chinese cabbage, cowpea and sweet potato to phoxim, chlorfenapyr, methomyl, fenvalerate and emamectin benzoate under laboratory conditions was determined. RESULTS: Spodoptera litura larvae reared on tobacco were most tolerant to all insecticides, whereas those that fed on sweet potato were most susceptible. When larvae were reared on each host plant for three generations, the susceptibilities to phoxim of larvae that fed on Chinese cabbage and cowpea were similar, whereas the susceptibility of larvae that fed on sweet potato decreased by the third generation, and on tobacco the susceptibility decreased in each consecutive generation. When nicotine was added to their diet for three consecutive generations, the tolerance of larvae to phoxim increased twofold, and to emamectin benzoate 3.1‐fold, but the tolerance of larvae to fenvalerate and chlorfenapyr did not change. The acetylcholinesterase activities of the larvae that fed on sweet potato and cowpea were greater than the activities of those that fed on Chinese cabbage and tobacco. In contrast, the carboxylesterase activities of the larvae that fed on tobacco and Chinese cabbage were greater than the activities of those that fed on sweet potato and cowpea. The glutathione S‐transferase activities of larvae were highest when they fed on tobacco, followed by Chinese cabbage and cowpea, and the lowest activities were observed when larvae fed on sweet potato. CONCLUSION: Feeding on tobacco or with nicotine added to the diet, the larvae became more tolerant to insecticides, especially to phoxim and emamectin benzoate. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

百合致病病毒及脱毒技术的研究进展     

杨颖  彭国平  刘实  饶力群  汪启明 《现代农业科技》2019,(24)

百合病毒病是当前制约百合产业发展的主要瓶颈之一,深入了解百合病毒的种类和致病的作用机制,可为百合感病种球的早发现、快速检测以及百合无毒种球筛选提供支持。本文介绍了常见的百合致病病毒种类、病毒检测技术以及脱毒技术等方面的研究进展,并根据研究结果对开发无毒百合种球的新型筛选和检测技术进行展望,以期为促进百合产业健康快速发展提供参考。  相似文献   

瘤胃微生物对硝基化合物的代谢转化与脱毒机制研究进展     

张振威  杨红建  王长法 《动物营养学报》2022,34(1):30-38

硝基化合物是指化学结构中含有硝基(-NO2)官能团的化合物.黄芪、冠花、木兰属等牧草植物中含有的天然硝基化合物(3-硝基丙醇和3-硝基丙酸)以及化学工业合成的硝基化合物(硝基烷烃、硝基乙醇、3-硝基酯-1-丙醇等)均能够高效抑制瘤胃发酵甲烷的生成,而其自身能够被瘤胃微生物所代谢利用.本文重点围绕硝基化合物的分类及其脱毒...  相似文献   

Transcriptome Analysis of Detoxification-Related Genes in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)     

Haoliang Chen  Minghui Xie  Lulu Lin  Yongzhi Zhong  Feng Zhang  Weihua Su 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2022,22(1)

Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest on maize, and it can cause large yield losses. As S. frugiperda has invaded many developing countries in Africa and Asia in recent years, it could impact food security. Pesticides remain the main method to control S. frugiperda in the field, and this pest has developed resistance to some pesticides. In this study, we used second-generation sequencing technology to detect the gene expression change of S. frugiperda after treatment by LC₂₀ of three pesticides, lufenuron, spinetoram, and tetrachloroamide, which have different modes of actions. The sequence data were first assembled into a 60,236 unigenes database, and then the differential expression unigenes (DEUs) after pesticide treatment were identified. The DEU numbers, Gene Ontology catalog, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway catalog were analyzed. Finally, 11 types of unigenes related to detoxification and DEUs after pesticide treatment were listed, and Cytochrome P450, Glutathione S-transferase, and ATP-binding cassette transporter were analyzed. This study provides a foundation for molecular research on S. frugiperda pesticide detoxification.  相似文献   

马铃薯闽薯1号茎尖脱毒与快速繁殖初探     

黄萍萍  曾军  梁金平  张川  张志勇  周美玲 《现代农业科技》2020,(18)

为了提高马铃薯闽薯1号的种薯质量以满足市场的需求,开展马铃薯闽薯1号脱毒实验研究。筛选出外殖体表面灭菌氯化汞体积浓度为0.1%消毒时间为8min的消毒效果好,外殖体成活率达95.2%。剥取闽薯1号茎尖,在MS+6-BA 1.00mg.L－1+NAA 0.1 mg.L－1培养基中培养30 d,形成闽薯1号试管苗。试管苗进行高温37.5℃培养21d让部份病毒钝化死亡,将经钝化过处理过的闽薯1号试管苗剥取大小1mm茎尖进行培养,经检测不带病毒,对脱毒苗进行快速繁殖。 脱毒苗快繁的较佳培养基配方为：MS+6-BA 0.10 mg.L－1+NAA 0.10 mg.L－1。  相似文献