Why has oral rehydration for calves and children diverged: direct vs. indirect criteria of efficacy     

Michell AR 《Research in veterinary science》2005,79(3):177-181

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for acute diarrhoea has advanced in contrary directions in humans and animals; the unresolved question is whether this reflects species differences or a divergence in scientific outlook. This review suggests that the explanation lies in the fact that developments in veterinary ORT have the advantage of utilising more reliable criteria than those available from human patients. The dilemma for human ORT is that the validity of systematic reviews and meta-analyses are undermined when the underlying data only reflect crucial variables indirectly and unreliably. It is therefore possible that the approaches currently used to treat calves, which are radically different from those used by paediatricians, could potentially benefit children and the necessary additional research should be initiated. At a time when the value of animal models of human disease is frequently questioned, the benefits of being able to utilise disease models in the target species for clinical research deserve to be emphasised.  相似文献   

Experimental Infection of Calves with Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Type-2 (BVDV-2) Isolated from a Contaminated Vaccine     

Falcone E  Cordioli P  Tarantino M  Muscillo M  Sala G  La Rosa G  Archetti IL  Marianelli C  Lombardi G  Tollis M 《Veterinary research communications》2003,27(7):577-589

A non-cytopathic strain of BVDV-2 was isolated from a batch of live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) vaccine, and inoculated intranasally into four 3-month-old calves. Severe signs of disease developed by days 4 and 6 in three of the calves, free of BVDV and antibodies to BVDV, that had been exposed to the virus. These calves survived the acute phase of the infection and progressively recovered. BVDV was consistently isolated, or the respective viral RNA was detected, in the buffy coats from blood samples collected starting from days 2 or 4 up to days 11 or 14 after the experimental infection. Viral RNA was also detected in sera from these infected calves until the presence in the serum of virus neutralizing antibodies was demonstrated. By contrast, the only calf having pre-existing neutralizing antibodies to BVDV at the start of the study was protected from the disease. No virus was detected at any time after experimental inoculation of this calf. Genomic characterization of the BVDV-2 isolated in cell cultures, or detected in sera from the experimentally infected animals, revealed 100% homology in the nucleotide sequence with the BVDV-2 detected as a contaminant of the live IBR virus vaccine. These findings provided evidence of the infective nature of the contaminant BVDV-2 and of its potential to generate disease outbreaks when inoculated into susceptible animals.  相似文献   

鸡抗猪产肠毒素性大肠杆菌卵黄抗体的应用     

李清艳 《四川畜牧兽医》2004,31(7):28-29

产肠毒素性大肠杆菌与仔猪腹泻的致病过程密切相关。卵黄抗体具有价格便宜、制作简单等优点,能降低腹泻的发生率和严重程度,是防治仔猪大肠杆菌性腹泻的一种新方法。本文就国内外鸡抗猪产肠毒素性大肠杆菌卵黄抗体的应用作了简要介绍。  相似文献   

益生素和中草药在乌骨鸡生产中替代抗生素的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

付水广  瞿明仁  宋小珍 《中国家禽》2004,26(2):11-12

选1日龄泰和乌骨鸡279只,随机分为3组,分别为抗生素对照组(添加金霉素)、试验一组(添加益生素)、试验二组(添加中草药),每组设3个重复,每个重复34只鸡;试验分两个阶段(即0～5周和6～10周),共70天。结果表明:益生素组和中草药组的日增重、料肉比、死亡率及腹泻率比对照组均有显著的改善(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

Detection of Human Rotavirus in Faeces from Diarrhoeic Calves in North-east Nigeria     

Adah MI  Jaji Z  Agwazim BF  el-Yuguda AD  Mani AU 《Tropical animal health and production》2002,34(1):1-6

Information on the epidemiology of rotavirus in any particular area is necessary for vaccine development against the disease caused by the virus. This study presents preliminary information on the prevalence of human rotavirus in diarrhoeic calves in North-east Nigeria. Faecal samples from 188 diarrhoeic calves in various farms in North-east Nigeria, obtained between November 1998 and February 1999, were analysed by ELISA for the presence of rotaviruses. A prevalence rate of 3.2% was recorded, with the virus being prevalent among calves aged 29–56 days (p<0.05). The implications of these findings are discussed with respect to the close association between the herdsmen and their animals and the sharing of a common source of drinking water in the predominantly livestock-producing communities of North-east Nigeria.  相似文献   

Molecular analysis of the virulence determinants ofClostridium perfringens associated with foal diarrhoea     

T. Netherwood  J.L.N. Wood  J.A. Mumford  N. Chanter 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》1998,155(3):289-294

During an epidemiological study of foal diarrhoea, over half of the cases yielded Clostridium perfringens whichwas significantly associated with disease (Netherwood el al., 1996b). However, the association could not be accounted for by enterotoxigenic isolates which had a low prevalence (Netherwood et al., 1997). Nonetheless, we have hypothesized that the association may be caused by a pathogenic sub-population which would be significantly more common amongst C. perfringens-positive cases compared with C. perfringens-positive healthy controls if it acted as a pathogen when present. Conversely, if foal diarrhoea caused by C. perfringens was dependent on a predisposing factor, then such an association might not be evident. As a first step to determine if a molecular marker was more frequently to be found in C. perfringens-positive cases than controls, we have genotyped the study isolates (up to five per foal) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on the published gene sequences for the major lethal toxins alpha, beta, epsilon and iota as well as for theta toxin, large and small sialiclases, hyaluronidase and virulence regulation. Isolates of major toxin types B, C, D and E, or isolates which were untypeable, were isolated from less than 15% of C. perfringens-positive foals and these were not associated with diarrhoea nor were they more commonly found in C. perfringens-positive cases. Isolates of type A were found in more than 90% of all C. perfringens-positive foals. A number of different genotypes were identified by their different patterns of gene possession but types without any of the genes for theta toxin, large and small sialidases, hyaluronidase and virulence regulation were found in only 10% of positive foals. Only type A isolates with all of these genes were associated with diarrhoea overall but they were not more commonly isolated from C. perfringens-positive cases than controls. In conclusion, genotyping by the sequenced virulence genes did not identify a marker for a sub-population of C. perfringens which may be acting more frequently as a pathogen when present.  相似文献   

Feline diarrhoea associated with Tritrichomonas cf. foetus and Giardia co-infection in an Australian cattery     

Bissett SA  Gowan RA  O'Brien CR  Stone MR  Gookin JL 《Australian veterinary journal》2008,86(11):440-443

A 10-week-old female Ocicat was presented at a primary care feline veterinary practice for failure to thrive and diarrhoea. Numerous trophozoites, atypical for Giardia sp., were detected on a direct faecal examination, in addition to Giardia cysts. Although the failure to thrive and diarrhoea resolved following treatment for giardiasis, further diagnostic tests performed on faecal specimens from the kitten and 15 other Ocicats from the same cattery, including culture of trophozoites in In Pouch medium, PCR testing and molecular sequencing of PCR amplicons, confirmed infection with Tritrichomonas cf. foetus. This is the first report in Australia of feline trichomoniasis, which appears to be an emerging infectious disease of cats. Pertinent information regarding the clinical features, diagnosis, therapy, and potential source of feline trichomoniasis within Australia are discussed.  相似文献   

液态饲料对仔猪超早期隔离断奶后腹泻和增重的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李朕杰  戴志明  陈吉红  柴磊 《饲料工业》2005,26(19):12-15

试验选用平均体重为(2.63±0.15)kg,14日龄的断奶仔猪(云南地方撒坝猪)20头,随机分为对照组和试验组2组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂相同饲料原料组成相当营养水平的液态饲料,进行14d对比试验。试验结果发现,与对照组相比,液态饲料极显著降低了腹泻率(16.14%,P<0.01),平均日增重比对照组提高了59.2%,而整个试验过程中采食量却没有显著差异。  相似文献   

断奶仔猪血清及肠道肠三叶因子ITF水平与腹泻的关系研究     

汪蕊  王莉  王希彪 《东北农业大学学报》2012,43(3):15-18

观察仔猪断奶后一周的腹泻情况,比较民猪和长白猪的腹泻程度。用ELISA方法检测断奶仔猪血清和肠道肠三叶因子(Intestinal trefoil factor,ITF)浓度,分析断奶后ITF水平变化与仔猪断奶腹泻的关系。结果表明,断奶后一周内,民猪腹泻率、腹泻频率和腹泻指数均小于长白,提示民猪比长白具有更好的抵抗腹泻的能力。断奶后仔猪血清和肠道ITF水平发生了显著变化,健康组仔猪血清ITF含量极显著上调(P<0.01),腹泻组肠道ITF水平在空肠和盲肠显著上调(P<0.05),而健康组肠道ITF水平相对较稳定,提示ITF与仔猪断奶腹泻有重要关系,断奶仔猪维持肠道较稳定的ITF水平,是保证肠道健康,减少腹泻发生的重要生理基础。  相似文献   

PEDV膜蛋白基因RT－PCR最适反应条件的确立   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

乔宪凤  熊忠良  华文君  郑新民 《湖北畜牧兽医》2001,(1):8-10

以猪流地性腹泻病毒（PEDV）的RNA为模板，探讨了影响猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）的RT－PCR反庆的各种因素，确立了RT－PCR的最适瓜应条件。  相似文献