Prediction of chemical composition and peroxide value in unground pet foods by near‐infrared spectroscopy          下载免费PDF全文

M. De Marchi  F. Righi  M. Meneghesso  D. Manfrin  R. Ricci 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):337-342

The massive development of the pet food industry in recent years has lead to the formulation of hundreds of canine and feline complete extruded foods with the objective of meeting both the needs of the animals and numerous demands from pet owners. In the meantime, highly variable raw material compositions and the industry's new production techniques oblige manufacturers to monitor all phases of the extrusion process closely in order to ensure the targeted composition and quality of the products. This study aimed at evaluating the potential of infrared technology (visible and near‐infrared spectrophotometer; 570–1842 nm) in predicting the chemical composition and peroxide value (PV) of unground commercial extruded dog foods. Six hundred and forty‐nine commercial extruded dog foods were collected. For each product, an unground aliquot was analysed by infrared instrument while a second aliquot was sent to a laboratory for proximate analysis and PV quantification. The wide range of extruded dog food typologies included in the study was responsible for the wide variability observed within each nutritional trait, especially crude fibre and ash. The mean value of the 208 pet foods sampled for PV quantification was 17.49 mEq O₂/kg fat (min 2.2 and max 94.10 mEq O₂/kg fat). The coefficients of determination in cross‐validation of NIRS prediction models were 0.77, 0.97, 0.83, 0.86, 0.78 and 0.94 for moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash and nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) respectively. PV prediction was less precise, as demonstrated by the coefficient of determination in cross‐validation (0.66). The results demonstrated the potential of NIRS in predicting chemical composition in unground samples, with lower accuracy for moisture and ash, while PV prediction models suggest use for screening purposes only.  相似文献   

Water requirements of canine athletes during multi‐day exercise          下载免费PDF全文

Lara Stephens‐Brown  Michael Davis 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(3):1149-1154

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Fecal microbiota transplantation in puppies with canine parvovirus infection          下载免费PDF全文

Giorgio Q. Pereira  Lucas A. Gomes  Iago S. Santos  Alice F. Alfieri  J. S. Weese  Marcio C. Costa 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(2):707-711

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Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopic 3 mm and 5 mm cup biopsies to wedge biopsies of canine livers          下载免费PDF全文

Tiffany L. Kimbrell  Milan Milovancev  Ronald Olsen  Christiane V. Löhr 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(2):701-706

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Comparison of the pharmacokinetic profiles of two different amphotericin B formulations in healthy dogs          下载免费PDF全文

B. Bingöl  T. Bakirel 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2018,41(1):e16-e21

This study was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of conventional (Fungizone^®) and liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome^®) formulations in order to predict their therapeutic properties, and evaluate their potential differences in veterinary treatment. For this purpose, twelve healthy mixed breed dogs received both drugs at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg by intravenous infusion over a 4‐min period in a total volume of 40 ml. Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr after dosing, and concentrations of drug in plasma were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Pharmacokinetics was described by a two‐compartment model. Although both formulations were administered at the same doses (0.6 mg/kg), the plasma pharmacokinetics of liposomal amphotericin B differed significantly from those of amphotericin B deoxycholate in healthy dogs (p < .05). Liposomal amphotericin B showed markedly higher peak plasma concentrations (approximately ninefold greater) and higher area under the plasma concentration curve values (approximately 14‐fold higher) compared to conventional formulation. It is concluded that AmBisome^® reached higher plasma concentration and lower distribution volume and had a longer half‐life compared to Fungizone^®, and therefore, AmBisome^® is reported to be an appropriate and effective choice for the treatment of systemic mycotic infections in dogs.  相似文献   

Recovery of brodifacoum in vomitus following induction of emesis in dogs that had ingested rodenticide bait     

KH Parton  EK Willson  MG Collett  LH Booth 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2018,66(1):41-43

AIM: To assess the benefit of inducing emesis in dogs that have ingested rodenticide bait containing brodifacoum (BDF), by determining the amount of BDF in bait recovered from the vomitus relative to the estimated amount consumed.

METHODS: Between 2014 and 2015 samples of vomitus from seven dogs that ingested rodenticide baits containing BDF were submitted by veterinarians in New Zealand. All seven dogs had been given apomorphine by the veterinarian and vomited within 1 hour of ingesting the bait. Some or all of the bait particles were retrieved from each sample and were analysed for concentrations of BDF using HPLC. Based on estimations of the mass of bait consumed, the concentration of BDF stated on the product label, and the estimated mass of bait in the vomitus of each dog, the amount of BDF in the vomited bait was calculated as a percentage of the amount ingested.

RESULTS: For five dogs an estimation of the mass of bait ingested was provided by the submitting veterinarian. For these dogs the estimated percentage of BDF in the bait retrieved from the vomitus was between 10–77%. All dogs were well after discharge but only one dog returned for further testing. This dog had a normal prothrombin time 3 days after ingestion.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The induction of emesis within 1 hour of ingestion can be a useful tool in reducing the exposure of dogs to a toxic dose of BDF. The BDF was not fully absorbed within 1 hour of ingestion suggesting that the early induction of emesis can remove bait containing BDF before it can be fully absorbed.  相似文献   

Creation of a predictive equation to estimate fat-free mass and the ratio of fat-free mass to skeletal size using morphometry in lean working farm dogs     

YM Leung  BAS Hodgson 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2018,66(5):248-256

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Effect of benazepril and pimobendan on serum angiotensin‐converting enzyme activity in dogs          下载免费PDF全文

J. N. King  C. Christinaz  G. Strehlau  J. Hornfeld 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2018,41(3):485-489

To support their combined use, the objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of benazepril and pimobendan on serum angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) activity in dogs. A total of 48 healthy beagle dogs were randomized into four groups (n = 12 per group) in a parallel‐group design study: A (control, placebo twice daily (BID)); B (0.5–1.0 mg/kg benazepril once daily (SID) in the morning, placebo in the evening); C (0.25–0.5 mg/kg benazepril BID); D (0.25–0.5 mg/kg benazepril and 0.125–0.25 mg/kg pimobendan, both BID). The test items were administered orally for 15 days. Serum ACE activity was measured on days 1 and 15. Groups B, C and D had significantly lower average serum ACE activity compared to baseline and to the control group, on both days 1 and 15. There were no significant differences in average ACE activity between groups B, C and D. Noninferiority of group C to B was demonstrated. In conclusion, 0.25–0.5 mg/kg benazepril administered BID produced noninferior inhibition of serum ACE activity compared to 0.5–1.0 mg/kg benazepril dosed SID. Pimobendan had no significant effect on benazepril's action on serum ACE activity. The results support the use of benazepril BID in dogs and in combination with pimobendan.  相似文献   

Categorization of the pelvic limb standing posture in nine breeds of dogs          下载免费PDF全文

S. S. Sabanci  M. K. Ocal 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2018,47(1):58-63

The objective of the study was to categorize objectively nine breeds of healthy dogs according to pelvic limb standing posture. A total of 135 dogs from different breeds were used and the standing angles of the hip, stifle, and tarsal joints, together with the percentages of the greater trochanter, patella and tuber calcanei heights, with respect to crista iliaca height, were used as discriminant variables for the categorization of pelvic limb posture. All included breeds were allocated to three groups of the standing pelvic limb posture. The best discriminant variables between the three groups were the percentage of patellar height, and the standing angles of the stifle and tarsal joints. German shepherds, Anatolian shepherds, golden retrievers, Rottweilers, Belgian Malinois and Dobermann pinschers were well separated between 89% and 100% success rate for the categorization. The minimal success rate was determined in Berner sennenhunds as the ratio of 75%. It was also determined that Dobermann pinschers had the straightest pelvic limbs, while German shepherds had the most angulated pelvic limbs. Further studies are required to document the impact of postural differences in active and passive structure diseases of the locomotor system of the pelvic limb among dog breeds.  相似文献   

Comparison between the urine dipstick and the pH‐meter to assess urine pH in sheep and dogs          下载免费PDF全文

Labrini V. Athanasiou  Panagiotis D. Katsoulos  Eleni G. Katsogiannou  Zoe S. Polizopoulou  Myrto Diamantaki  Constantinos Kamatsos  Georgios Christodoulopoulos 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2018,47(2):284-288

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