Canine distemper virus infection of canine footpad epidermis     

Gröne A  Doherr MG  Zurbriggen A 《Veterinary dermatology》2004,15(3):159-167

Infection of the footpad epidermis can occur in natural canine distemper virus (CDV) infection of dogs. Footpads from 19 dogs experimentally inoculated with virulent distemper strain A75/17 and from two nonexposed dogs were examined histopathologically and assessed for the presence of viral antigen and nucleoprotein mRNA, as well as number of inflammatory and apoptotic cells. Dogs were divided into four groups based on inoculation status and postmortem examination: inoculated dogs with severe distemper (group 1, n = 7); inoculated dogs with mild distemper (group 2, n = 4); inoculated dogs without distemper (group 3, n = 8); and noninoculated dogs (group 4, n = 2). Footpads from dogs of all groups had a comparably thick epidermis. Eosinophilic viral inclusions and syncytial cells were present in footpad epidermis of one dog of group 1. Footpads of group 1 dogs contained viral antigen and mRNA in the epidermis with strongest staining in a subcorneal location. Additionally, in these dogs footpad dermal structures including eccrine glands and vascular walls were positive for virus particles. No CDV antigen or mRNA was present in the footpad epidermis and dermis of any other dog. Group 1 dogs had more CD3-positive cells and apoptotic cells within the basal layer of the epidermis when compared to the other groups. These findings demonstrate that in experimental infection CDV antigen and mRNA were colocalized in all layers of the infected canine footpad epidermis. The scarcity of overt pathological reactions with absence of keratinocyte degeneration indicates a noncytocidal persisting infection of footpad keratinocytes by CDV.  相似文献   

Determination of threshold concentrations of allergens and evaluation of two different histamine concentrations in canine intradermal testing     

Hensel P  Austel M  Medleau L  Zhao Y  Vidyashankar A 《Veterinary dermatology》2004,15(5):304-308

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal histamine concentration and allergen threshold concentrations for canine intradermal testing. Thirty healthy dogs were tested using two different concentrations of histamine and four different concentrations of each allergen. The optimal histamine concentration was determined to be 1:10 000 w/v. The threshold concentration was at least 1750 PNU/mL for all tested grasses, weeds, trees, moulds and insects, except for fleas which was as least 1:500 w/v. For Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, the optimal threshold concentration was 250 PNU/mL, whereas for Dermatophagoides farinae and Tyrophagus putrescentiae, it was 100 PNU/mL. Threshold concentration for all epidermals except human dander was at least 1250 PNU/mL. The optimal threshold concentration for human dander was 300 PNU/mL. Our results suggest that the currently used 1:100 000 w/v concentration of histamine and the 1000 PNU/mL concentration for most grasses, weeds, trees, moulds, epidermals and insects may not be appropriate for canine intradermal testing.  相似文献   

In vitro metabolism of dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone by canine hair follicle cells     

Bamberg E  Aichinger A  Mitteregger G 《Veterinary dermatology》2004,15(1):19-24

The metabolism of radioactive dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone was studied in dermal papilla cells (DPC) and dermal fibroblasts (DFB) derived from hair follicles from two different body sites (head, flank) of four male, castrated beagle dogs. Thin layer chromatography was used for separation, and autoradiography for identification of the radioactive metabolites. DHEA was metabolized mainly to 11 alpha-OH-testosterone and only to a minor extent to 11 alpha-OH-androstenedione and another unidentified metabolite. The highest percentage of metabolization of DHEA was found in DFB of the head. Testosterone was metabolized only to a minor extent (less than 10%) to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and epiandrosterone and there was no significant difference between either the two cell types or the two locations. These results clearly show that the metabolization of androgens in canine DPC and DFB is different from that observed in cells from the human hair follicle.  相似文献   

Treatment protocols for demodicosis: an evidence-based review   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

Mueller RS 《Veterinary dermatology》2004,15(2):75-89

Publications discussing the treatment of demodicosis in the dog and cat are reviewed. Based on the evidence in the literature, amitraz rinses at 0.025-0.06% every 7-14 days, and oral daily ivermectin at 300 micro g kg(-1), milbemycin at 2 mg kg(-1) and moxidectin at 400 micro g kg(-1), respectively, can all be recommended for the treatment of generalized canine demodicosis. Ivermectin and moxidectin should be initiated at lower doses and patients monitored for possible adverse effects during therapy. In cats, 2% lime sulfur dips and amitraz rinses at 0.0125-0.025% have been used successfully.  相似文献   

Use Of Traction During Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of Caudal Cervical Spondylomyelopathy ("Wobbler Syndrome") In The Dog     

Jacques Penderis  BVSc  MVM  PhD  CertVR  MRCVS    Ruth Dennis  MA  VetMB  DVR  MRCVS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2004,45(3):216-219

Cervical spondylomyelopathy or "wobbler syndrome" is a well-defined disorder of large-breed dogs, characterized by a compressive lesion affecting the cervical spinal cord that in many dogs may have a dynamic component. Determination of whether this dynamic component is present is important in the decision-making process as regards therapeutic intervention. Despite a significant risk of neurologic deterioration following myelography in some large dogs affected by wobbler syndrome, myelography is considered an essential part of the assessment, primarily as it allows assessment of whether a dynamic compression exists. This same neurologic deterioration is not apparent following magnetic resonance (MR) imaging; however, the use of MR imaging in the investigation of wobbler syndrome has thus far been limited by the inability to perform the traction studies required to ascertain whether a dynamic component to the spinal cord compression exists. This paper presents a technique of applying traction during MR imaging of the cervical spine to reduce a dynamic wobbler syndrome lesion.  相似文献   

Effect of orally administered hydrocortisone on intraocular pressure in nonglaucomatous dogs     

Herring IP  Herring ES  Ward DL 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2004,7(6):381-384

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of oral hydrocortisone on intraocular pressure (IOP) in ocular normotensive dogs. ANIMALS STUDIED: Seventeen ocular normotensive dogs. Procedures Dogs were randomly assigned to treatment (n = 9) and control (n = 8) groups. Dogs in the treatment group received hydrocortisone, 3.3 mg/kg PO every 8 h, and dogs in the control group received gelatin capsule placebo PO every 8 h for 5 weeks. Applanation tonometry was performed on both eyes of all dogs prior to treatment and then once weekly for 5 weeks during hydrocortisone treatment. RESULTS: No significant effect of treatment was noted for right (P = 0.1013) or left (P = 0.1157) eyes during the treatment period, nor was there significant interaction of treatment by week for the right (P = 0.9456) or left (P = 0.3577) eyes. A significant rise in IOP over the treatment period was noted in both right (P < 0.0001) and left (P = 0.0006) eyes of both groups, but was unrelated to treatment. CONCLUSION: Orally administered hydrocortisone does not significantly increase IOP in nonglaucomatous dogs when administered over a 5-week period.  相似文献   

Effect of different dose schedules of travoprost on intraocular pressure and pupil size in the glaucomatous Beagle     

Gelatt KN  MacKay EO 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2004,7(1):53-57

Objective To evaluate changes in intraocular pressure and pupil size in glaucomatous dogs after instillation of 0.004% travoprost once in the morning, or once in the evening, or twice daily in 5‐day multiple dose studies. Materials and methods Applanation tonometry (IOP) and pupil size (PS) measurements were obtained at 8 a.m., 10 a.m., 12 noon, 2 p.m. and 4 p.m. in eight glaucoma dogs. Methylcellulose (0.5% as placebo) was instilled in the control eye, and 0.004% travoprost was instilled in the opposite drug eye. Methylcellulose (0.5%) and 0.004% travoprost were instilled on the 2nd through to the 5th day with instillations in the morning (8.30 a.m.), or evening (8 p.m.), or twice daily (8.30 a.m. and 8 p.m.). Results The mean ± SEM diurnal changes from baseline IOP in the control and placebo eyes in all three studies ranged from 1.2 ± 0.3 mmHg to 3.2 ± 0.9 mmHg. The mean ± SEM diurnal changes from the baseline IOP after 0.004% travoprost at 8 a.m. once daily for the next 4 days were 19.0 ± 2.7 mmHg, 24.7 ± 2.7 mmHg, 24.9 ± 3.1 mmHg, and 24.7 ± 3.1 mmHg, respectively, and were significantly different from the control eye. After travoprost was instilled at 8 p.m., the mean ± SEM baseline changes from the baseline IOP in the drug eyes were 23.5 ± 2.2 mmHg, 24.2 ± 2.2 mmHg, 24.5 ± 2.3 mmHg, and 24.2 ± 2.3 mmHg, respectively. When 0.004% travoprost was instilled twice daily, the mean ± SEM baseline IOP changes were 27.7 ± 2.1 mmHg, 28.1 ± 2.1 mmHg, 28.4 ± 2.2 mmHg, and 28.5 ± 2.2 mmHg, respectively, and were significantly different from the control eyes. Miosis of varying duration was frequent during the three studies. Conclusion Travoprost instilled once daily (a.m. or p.m.) as well as twice daily produces significant decreases in IOP and PS in the glaucomatous Beagle.  相似文献   

Change in intraocular pressure during maturation in Labrador Retriever dogs     

Mughannam AJ  Cook CS  Fritz CL 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2004,7(2):87-89

Objective To measure intraocular pressure (IOP) in a group of dogs as puppies and young adults to determine if there is any change during maturation. Animals studied Thirty‐two healthy Labrador Retriever dogs. Procedures Intraocular pressure was measured using a Tonopen XL initially at approximately 6 weeks of age (T1), then again approximately 1 year later (T2). Exact ages were known based on whelp date. Results The dogs had marginally higher IOP OU at T2 (mean = 14.9 mmHg) compared to T1 (mean = 13.4 mmHg). However, the difference was not statistically significant. No differences were seen based on sex and litter. Intraocular pressure OD was statistically greater than OS at T1 but not at T2. Conclusions Normal values for intraocular pressure are the same in puppies and adults. The results of this study do not support the previously suggested theory that younger dogs have sustained increased IOP as a requirement to drive growth of the globe. However, it does not rule out the possibility that a dynamic relationship between intraocular pressure and expansion of the globe may exist.  相似文献   

Secondary glaucomas in the dog in North America   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Gelatt KN  MacKay EO 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2004,7(4):245-259

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of secondary glaucomas in dogs associated with cataract formation, lens luxation or displacement, cataract surgery, uveitis, hyphema and intraocular neoplasia. METHODS: Information was obtained from the Veterinary Medical Data Base (VMDB) from all veterinary medical teaching hospitals in North America from March 1964 to March 2003. Secondary glaucomas were diagnosed at the same examination or after the primary diagnosis was made, and included those associated with cataract formation, lens luxation, cataract surgery, uveitis of unknown cause, hyphema of unknown cause, and intraocular neoplasia. The data were evaluated by decade, breed, gender and age of presentation. RESULTS: A total of 1 592 831 dogs were presented, and 9695 canine secondary glaucomas. Secondary glaucoma associated with cataract formation represented 81% of all the canine secondary glaucomas. Breeds (n = 7890 dogs) predisposed to secondary glaucoma and cataracts had an overall prevalence of 0.5%, but nearly 20% of all the cataractous dogs developed secondary glaucoma in at least one eye. For the years 1994-2003, these breeds included the American Cocker Spaniel; Boston Terrier; Toy, Miniature and Standard Poodle; English Springer Spaniel; Bichon Frise; and Labrador Retriever. The other forms of secondary glaucoma occurred less frequently, and included those glaucomas with lens luxation or displacement (779 dogs; 12.0%), postcataract surgery (528 dogs; 5.1%), with uveitis from unknown cause (399 dogs; 7.1%), with hyphema from unknown cause (117 dogs; 7.3%), and with intraocular neoplasia (19 dogs; 3.5%). The risk of the secondary glaucomas from 1984 to 2002 was highest after the intracapsular lens extraction (ICLE), less in the extracapsular technique (ECLE), and lowest for the phacoemulsification/phacofragmentation method. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of the canine secondary glaucomas ranges from 0.25% (1964-1973), 0.46% (1974-1983), 0.79% (1984-1993), to 0.80% (1994-2003) and are as frequent as the primary or breed-related glaucomas during these same time periods.  相似文献   

Canine retinal surgery     

Vainisi SJ  Wolfer JC 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2004,7(5):291-306

Retinal detachment is common in dogs and presents major challenges for the veterinary ophthalmologist. This article reviews recent advances in both technology and technique that have greatly increased the success rate of retinal reattachment surgery. Internal and external techniques for the repair of retinal detachments are discussed, as is the etiopathogenesis of vitreoretinal disease in the dog.  相似文献