Changes in landscape patterns in Georgia,USA   总被引：39，自引：0，他引：39  

Monica Goigel Turner  C. Lynn Ruscher 《Landscape Ecology》1988,1(4):241-251

The objectives of this study were to determine how landscape patterns in Georgia, USA have changed through time and whether the spatial patterns varied by physiographic region. Historical aerial photography was used to analyze spatial patterns of land use from the 1930's to the 1980's. Land use patterns were quantified by: (1) mean number and size of patches; (2) fractal dimension of patches; (3) amount of edge between land uses; and (4) indices of diversity, dominance, and contagion. Forest cover increased in aerial extent and in mean patch size. The mean size of agricultural patches increased in the coastal plain and decreased in the mountains and piedmont. Edges between land uses decreased through time, indicating less dissection of the landscape. Fractal dimensions also decreased, indicating simpler patch shapes. Indices of diversity and dominance differed through time but not among regions; the contagion index differed among regions but not through time. A geographic trend of decreasing diversity and increasing dominance and contagion was observed from the mountains to the lower coastal plain. Landscape patterns exhibited the greatest changes in the piedmont region. Overall, the Georgia landscape has become less fragmented and more connected during the past 50 years. Changing patterns in the landscape may have implications for many ecological processes and resources.  相似文献   

Observations on the attachment of a piscine gill parasitic ergasilid (Crustacea: Copepoda)     

W.H. Oldewage  J.G. van As 《African Zoology》2013,48(4):313-317

The attachment of the piscine gill parasite, Ergasilus mirabilis Oldewage & van As, 1987 is described by means of scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. A variety of sensory structures occur on and around the host contact surface of the parasite and proliferation of gill tissue occurs at the site of attachment. It would appear that this proliferation of host tissue results from the feeding behaviour of the parasite rather than the actual attachment thereof.  相似文献   

市域休闲农业分布与交通条件的空间耦合度评价——以唐山市为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王奉林  郭力娜  姜广辉  曲衍波 《农业现代化研究》2019,40(6):936-944

为分析中小尺度区域休闲农业空间分布与交通条件耦合协调性,研究以河北唐山市为案例区,选取交通网密度、加权平均时间距离、最短距离模型三个指标测算各县级行政单位交通差异性及综合交通优势度,进而对休闲农业园区分布现状与交通条件的空间耦合性进行评价。研究发现,唐山市休闲农业园区数量分布与各单因素交通条件有较明显相关性,但与综合交通优势度相关性不明显;各区县交通优势度与园区分布现状耦合度与协调度一般,仅丰润区两者耦合协调度较高,达到高度协调水平;说明目前休闲农业和交通发展水平相互促进力度较差,交通对休闲农业发展的支撑力度不足。建议在休闲农业园区分布密集地区加快交通建设;着重开发交通便利地区及辐射带附近优质农业资源,发展休闲农业,进一步促进两者协调发展,优化空间布局。  相似文献   

The loss of large wood affects rocky mountain trout populations          下载免费PDF全文

Adam T. Herdrich  Dana L. Winkelman  Michael P. Venarsky  David M. Walters  Ellen Wohl 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(4):1023-1036

Western U.S. rivers are currently influenced by legacy effects of reduced large wood (LW) loading and retention that has substantially reduced in‐stream habitat complexity. Large wood is typically associated with streams in undisturbed old‐growth forest and in the correct geomorphic context can drastically alter stream and valley habitat complexity. Streams with LW are typically multichannel and depositional, while streams lacking LW, due to relatively recent wildfire or logging (<200 years ago), are usually single channelled and erosional. We compared population biomass and individual growth rates of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis in streams across a gradient of wood volumes. At both the square metre and valley length scales, standing stock biomass of aquatic invertebrates was the best predictor of trout biomass. However, at the valley scale, the number of pools was important in predicting trout biomass in combination with standing stock biomass of aquatic invertebrates. Individual growth rates of age‐1 Brook Trout were negatively affected by increasing density; however, growth rates for the largest and smallest individuals at each site were unaffected by density. Our results suggest the pool habitat created by LW acts synergistically with prey availability to dramatically increase trout populations. However, in streams lacking LW, negative effects of detrimental land use practices have persisted >100 years, suggesting that recovering lost animal production in mountain stream networks will only occur at decadal to century time scales.  相似文献   

Effects of green pruning on growth and stem shape of Eucalyptus nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Pinkard  E. A.  Beadle  C. L. 《New Forests》1998,15(2):107-126

An experiment was established in two high quality Eucalyptus nitens Deane and Maiden (Maiden) plantations in Tasmania. At the start of the experiment the trees were three years old and the plantations were on the point of canopy closure. Selected trees were pruned to remove 0, 50% or 70% of the lower green crown length, and each was surrounded by eight unpruned trees. The 50% treatment had no impact on height or diameter increment in the two years following treatment, but removal of 70% of the lower crown length resulted in significant decreases in both height and diameter increment. There were no changes in the height of 50%-pruned trees relative to the height of surrounding unpruned trees (relative height), and it was concluded that dominance would not be affected by this treatment. The relative height of 70%-pruned trees was less at one site, and this treatment may result in loss of dominance. Stem taper was generally unaffected by either pruning treatment. Changes in stem form were restricted to trees in the 70% pruning treatment and were only transient. It was concluded that removal of 50% of the lower green crown length is an appropriate level of pruning for the species provided that growth rates are rapid and pruning is timed to coincide with canopy closure. Since dominance was unaffected by this level of pruning, thinning at the time of pruning is unnecessary. It may be possible to minimise the impact on growth of higher levels of pruning by thinning at the time of pruning.  相似文献   

西瓜F_1代杂交种及其亲本种子幼苗体酶的遗传分析     

张亚兵  沈永宏  徐玉松 《安徽农业科学》1998,(1)

侧重分析了安徽省杂交西瓜在制种和生产上面积较大６个组合如新澄、新红宝、郑杂五号、金钟冠龙、皖杂一号和聚宝一号及其亲本种子幼苗体内的酯酶和过氧化物同工酶的组成情况和遗传特性。结果表明：１）６个组合中,除金钟冠龙外,其他５个组合的父本间和母本间酯酶酶谱表现相似;但每个组合父、母本间均存在差异。２）６个组合的Ｆ１代杂交种酯酶酶谱表现为母本不完全显性。３）除郑杂五号外,其他５个组合的Ｆ１代杂交种过氧化物酶谱和其父、母本间表现相似。另讨论了用酯酶同工酶筛选亲本组配杂交种和预测杂种优势的可行性。  相似文献   

海南省南红稻田杂草群落的模糊聚类分析     

陈飞鹏  李谋召 《华南农业大学学报》1999,20(4):107-110

采用模糊聚类法对海南省南红稻田要草群落进行研究,以优势度作为因子归并样方,得到样方树图,并结合实际结果,讨论了杂草群落的成层现象,结果可作为杂草防除的依据。  相似文献   

黄河宁蒙段鱼类多样性研究     

张星朗  沈红保  李引娣 《水利渔业》2011,32(4):58-62

为了解黄河宁蒙段鱼类的生存状况,2008年5～6月和2009年5～6月在吴忠、陶乐和磴口3县13点对该河段的鱼类资源进行了2次调查。结果表明,黄河宁蒙段渔获物以小型黄河鮈（Gobio huanghensis）为主,占到总数量的58.8%,兰州鲇（Silurus lanzhouensis）仅占总数的5.9%;鱼类年龄结构...  相似文献   

太湖铜绿微囊藻与四尾栅藻的光竞争及模拟优势过程初探   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13  

胡小贞  金相灿  储昭升  马祖友  易文利 《农业环境科学学报》2005,24(3):538-543

通过太湖铜绿微囊藻和四尾栅藻在不同光照条件下的室内单培养与共培养试验,探讨了两种藻的光竞争及模拟优势过程。由试验结果和Monod方程分析得出,铜绿微囊藻生长的最适光照强度CI约为30￣35μE·m-2·s-1(2500￣3000lx),四尾栅藻生长的最适光照强度为CI=60￣70μE·m-2·s-1(5000￣6000lx)。当营养盐等都不是限制因子时,在低光照条件和光照时间大于14h时,铜绿微囊藻竞争成为优势种具有较高的概率,而在高光照条件和当光照时间小于14h时,栅藻竞争成为优势种具较高的概率;延长光照时间有利于提高微囊藻的竞争能力,并在室内小型模拟装置中,成功地模拟了铜绿微囊藻竞争成为优势种的过程。  相似文献   

金乌贼雄性规格和社群数量对求偶与交配行为的影响     

柏青青  张东雪  王林龙  王展  李文涛  张秀梅 《中国水产科学》2020,27(2):147-157

为探讨不同规格雄性金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)在求偶交配过程中的竞争及优势等级,采用实验生态学方法,在室内可控条件下分别设置1L1S组、1L2S组和1L4S组(L和S分别表示大规格雄性和小规格雄性,数字表示实验中雄性金乌贼数量),连续摄像观察和记录金乌贼的繁殖行为。结果显示:(1)繁殖过程中金乌贼具有明显的领域行为和护卫伴游行为。(2)随着群体中小规格雄性比例的增加,处于优势地位的大规格雄性个体的优势等级发生变化,主要表现为大规格雄性护卫伴游时间、成功交配次数逐渐减少,而小规格雄性护卫伴游时间、成功交配次数逐渐增多。(3)当群体中小规格雄性较少时,大规格雄性常常主动攻击小规格雄性,而当小规格雄性数量远大于大规格雄性时,小规格雄性主动向其他雄性发起攻击,以争取护卫权和交配权。研究表明,雄性金乌贼的规格和数量对于求偶竞争以及交配行为具有显著影响。随着繁殖群体中小规格雄性增多,大规格雄性成功交配次数逐渐降低。1L4S组成功交配次数稍高于1L2S组,显著高于1L1S组(P0.05)。人工苗种繁育过程中选择合适规格的雄性亲体和合理的雌雄比例,对提高金乌贼繁殖效率具有重要意义。  相似文献