FLOODING STRESS: The Effects of Planting Pattern and Water Regime on Root Morphology,Physiology and Grain Yield of Rice     

A. Mishra  V. M. Salokhe 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2010,196(5):368-378

Field experiments were conducted over two growing seasons to investigate the effects of variations in water regime and planting pattern on the growth of rice plant roots and shoots and on yield. Four water regimes were evaluated with split plot design: intermittent flooding during the vegetative stage only (IF‐V); intermittent flooding extending into the reproductive stage (IF‐R); not flooded (NF); and continuously flooded (CF), interacting with three different planting patterns: single seedling per hill with wider 30 × 30 cm spacing (P1); single seedling per hill with closer 20 × 20 cm spacing (P2); and three to four seedlings per hill with 20 × 20 cm spacing (P3). The treatment combination CF/P3 corresponds most closely with current conventional practice. The other combinations were evaluated to contribute to a better understanding of the effects of the two parameters studied, respectively and together. IF‐V/P1 was considered as an approximation of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) practice. This study found that the combination of singly transplanted seedlings, both P1 and P2, with the IF‐V water regime improved root length density, root physiological activity, and chlorophyll content of the upper and lower leaves, leading to higher grain yield compared with the other treatment combinations. With continuous flooding (CF), P2 gave 23 % more yield compared with the P3 planting pattern. Combining IF‐V and P2 produced 32 % more grain yield compared with the CF/P3 treatment. These results showed a synergistic effect on grain yield from reduced intra‐hill competition and IF‐V water management. In these trials, there was no significant yield difference between the IF‐V/P1 and CF/P3 treatments. Wider spacing improved the performance of individual hills when grown under IF‐V water regimes, but tiller number per unit area remained a dominant determinant of yield. The yield reduction observed for CF/P1 compared with CF/P3 indicated that in more hypoxic CF soils, denser plant populations can produce more than sparser ones, whereas the latter benefit from more aerobic soil conditions. Intermittent irrigation during the vegetative growth stage and transplanting single seedlings/hill are major elements of SRI methodology. These findings contribute to an understanding of why SRI methods can produce the higher yields reported. A consideration of the effects of interaction between planting pattern and water regime shows the need to establish empirically the optimum values for these treatments according to varietal, soil and climatic characteristics for the greatest yield response.  相似文献   

苗木切根技术研究进展   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李国雷  刘勇  祝燕 《林业科学》2011,47(9)

精准培育的理念已经渗入到森林培育的各个环节。切根作为干扰根系最为重要的技术,也受到越来越多地重视。切根可以划分为芽苗切根、苗期切根和起苗后切根等3种类型,把平截、扭根、侧方修根、盒式修根等称为苗期切根,是狭义切根范畴。结合苗木形态指标、生理指标和造林效果,综述每一类型的切根对苗木质量和造林效果的影响。以辐射松为代表的主根发达树种,通过芽苗切根、苗期的平截和扭根,抑制根系顶端优势,从而降低苗木高生长,促进侧根发育,形成发达、紧凑的根系,调整苗木地上和地下比例,最终提高苗木造林效果。以花旗松为代表的慢生常绿树种,侧根较为发达,切根效果不一。苗木平截和扭根后,内源激素、矿质营养、碳水化合物、水分等均会发生变化,这种变化如何影响苗木质量的机制尚不明确。  相似文献   

花生组培苗嫁接技术的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

郝世俊  隋炯明  乔利仙  王晓杰  王晶珊 《青岛农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,27(2):110-113

为解决花生组培再生苗及转基因苗驯化移栽成活率低的难题,本试验以花生实生苗作为砧木,对花生嫁接技术进行了研究。试验结果表明:超净台内无菌嫁接效果较好,以再生苗或实生苗为接穗进行无菌嫁接,其成活率均达90%以上,明显高于室内嫁接成活率(71%～72%);无菌嫁接时12～15d苗龄的砧木效果最好;将无菌嫁接苗在培养基中培养3～5d后进行驯化移栽为最佳时期;不同花生基因型嫁接苗成活率在87%～95%;嫁接苗移栽田间后,其成活率高达94%,且100%结果。  相似文献   

樟子松温室容器育苗技术     

黄晓霞  严芝银  杨艳丽 《青海农林科技》2010,(4):62-63

樟子松温室容器育苗出苗率达95%以上,表现为生长快,造林成活率高,通过温室容器育苗缩短育苗周期,经济效益显著。  相似文献   

葡萄砧木在贺兰山东麓扦插生根与成苗特性初探     

张存智  陈雄  姚治忠  张毅  郝燕 《北方园艺》2010,(2):49-51

为了加快优良葡萄砧木在贺兰山东麓地区的研究和应用进程,2008～2009年对11个砧木品种进行了硬枝扦插试验,采用目前生产上常用的硬枝扦插技术,研究了在宁夏贺兰山东麓生态条件下,葡萄砧木生根成苗特性的关系,以期为葡萄砧木的选择和大量繁育提供依据,为优良葡萄砧木的大量应用打下一定的基础。  相似文献   

Response of Soil and Plant to Boron-Doped Aluminum Hydroxide     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):768-777

The aims of this work are to test whether boron (B) may alleviate soil acidification and aluminum (Al) phytotoxicity to rape (Brassica napus L.) in acidic soil. The Al hydroxide that reacted with borax was called ad-B-Al hydroxide. Point of zero charge (PZC) of Al hydroxide (pH 4.86) was greater than that of ad-B-Al hydroxide (pH 4.68). Compared with the control, ad-B-Al hydroxide raised the soil pH significantly by 0.10 pH units. Rape was planted in the control soil, the soil treated with Al hydroxide, and the soil treated with ad-B-Al hydroxide. It was found that the B content of the soil and rape seedlings grown on the soil treated with ad-B-Al hydroxide was greater than the others. Biomass production of rape seedlings grown in the soil treated with ad-B-Al hydroxide was significantly increased compared to that in the others. These demonstrated that ad-B-Al hydroxide can be an important source of B for plants and alleviate acidity of acidic soils because it can decrease exchangeable acid and Al toxicity in soil significantly.  相似文献   

Effect of Temperature on the Induction of Bud Dormancy in Ecotypes of Betula pubescens and Betula pendula     

《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):208-217

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of temperature applied during short day-induced budset on induction of dormancy in six ecotypes of Betula pubescens Ehrh. and two ecotypes of Betula pendula Roth. Seedlings were grown in a phytotron at constant temperatures of 9–21°C under a 12 h photoperiod (SD) during dormancy induction. Induction of dormancy was monitored by following bud flushing and shoot growth after transfer to long photoperiod conditions (24 h) at 18°C. Chilling requirement was studied in seedlings exposed to 10 weeks of SD. In both species induction of bud dormancy developed most rapidly at 15–18°C, and both 9–12°C and 21°C delayed the induction of dormancy. Raising the temperature (from 9 to 21°C) applied during induction of dormancy significantly increased the chilling requirement. These responses were noted for all ecotypes tested, but in general the northern ecotypes entered dormancy more quickly than the southern ones. No such trend was recorded for chilling requirement, although a B. pubescens ecotype from Iceland and another from the coast of northern Norway appeared to require a longer chilling treatment than the other ecotypes. In conclusion, induction and depth of bud dormancy in birch are significantly affected by temperature conditions and these effects may explain some of the annual variation in dormancy and chilling requirement observed in nature.  相似文献   

不同浓度肥料对苗菜生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘庞源  郑淑芳  何伟明 《北方园艺》2010,(17):31-33

以生菜、甜菜、苦苣、红苋菜为试材,采用无土栽培方式,研究喷施不同浓度的肥料对不同苗菜生长的影响。结果表明:对苦苣、苋菜、甜菜适宜喷洒3‰浓度的肥料,对生菜类苗菜适宜喷洒5‰浓度的肥料。  相似文献   

印楝采种育苗及造林技术初步研究   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

彭兴民  赖永祺  赵培仙  赵保荣 《西南林学院学报》2001,21(3):133-137

对印楝Y.L07种源在元江试验区采种、育苗及造林技术研究结果表明：7月下旬至9月上旬,印楝果皮由青绿色变为黄色时是最佳采种期;自然状态下,种子发芽力随贮存时间的延长而递减;容器苗造林利于成活;苗木定植时可留干25cm进行截干处理。  相似文献   

Purple nutsedge tuber sprouting     

ROY K. NISHIMOTO 《Weed Biology and Management》2001,1(4):203-208

Purple nutsedge ( Cyperus rotundus L.) tubers remain viable for several years and serve as its principal means of survival. The maintenance of high moisture content is essential to tuber survival. Apical dominance influences bud dormancy within a tuber and in a chain of tubers, and dormancy increases with tuber age. Several growth inhibitors were identified in tubers, but their role in tuber dormancy has not been established. Moisture levels in soil must increase to a critical level before sprouting occurs, but excess soil moisture deters sprouting. Oxygen may be a limiting factor for tuber sprouting in waterlogged soils. Although light is not a requirement for sprouting, it has promoted sprouting. Temperature regulates sprouting; no sprouting occured below 10°C and above 45°C. Optimum sprouting occurred between 25 and 35°C when provided with constant temperatures. However, daily alternating temperatures greatly stimulated sprouting. A daily short duration (0.5 h) of high temperature increased sprouting to nearly 100%, whereas less than 50% sprouting occurred without the daily high temperature pulse. Bud break occurred readily for most tubers at 20°C and in nearly 100% of the tubers with a single 0.5 h exposure to a high temperature (35°C) pulse. However, most buds did not elongate if the tuber remained at 20°C. Bud elongation occurred at higher temperatures, and daily alternating temperatures stimulated shoot elongation up to eightfold greater than at the respective mean constant temperatures. Daily soil temperature fluctuation may be a major signal for purple nutsedge emergence, such as when the plant canopy is removed, or when soils are solarized. Future research is needed to determine tuber sprouting for different ecotypes, and on the role of the rhizome chain. Systems to manipulate sprouting may provide new strategies for purple nutsedge management.  相似文献