Activation of upper respiratory tract mucosal innate immune responses in cats by liposomal toll‐like receptor ligand complexes delivered topically     

William Wheat  Lyndah Chow  Jonathan Coy  Elena Contreras  Michael Lappin  Steven Dow 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(2):838-845

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Regulation of the expression of key signalling molecules in mTOR pathway of skeletal muscle satellite cells in neonatal chicks: Effects of leucine and glycine–leucine peptide     

Yue She  Huiling Deng  Huiyi Cai  Guohua Liu 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(3):786-790

This study was conducted to analyse the effects of leucine (Leu) and glycine (Gly)‐Leu peptide on expressions of key signalling molecules in mTOR pathway of skeletal muscle satellite cells in neonatal chicks. The 4‐day‐old male AA broilers with similar weight were selected to obtain the broiler skeletal muscle satellite cells with the two‐step method of collagenase‐I and trypsin digestion. The satellite cells were subjected to primary culture in vitro, and they were cultured in DMEM medium with the Leu concentration of 0.2 mM and 2 mM as well as with the Gly‐Leu peptide concentration of 0.2 mM and 2 mM. The experiment lasted for 5 days. The results showed that TOR, S6K1 and 4E‐BP1 mRNA expressions in the medium with Leu concentration of 2 mM were significantly higher than that in 0.2 mM group (p < 0.05). There was no difference between the medium with Gly‐Leu concentration of 2 mM and 0.2 mM on the TOR, S6K1 and 4E‐BP1 mRNA expressions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, Leu significantly increases TOR, S6K1 and 4E‐BP1 mRNA expressions of skeletal muscle satellite cells, but Gly‐Leu peptide has no effect on them.  相似文献   

Raf‐ERK1/2 signalling pathways mediate steroid hormone synthesis in bovine ovarian granulosa cells     

Dejun Xu  Huanshan He  Xiaohan Jiang  Lulu Yang  Dinbang Liu  Li Yang  Guoxia Geng  Jianyong Cheng  Huali Chen  Rongmao Hua  Jiaxin Duan  Xiaoya Li  Lin Wu  Yuan Li  Qingwang Li 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(5):741-749

Steroid hormones are required for normal reproductive function of female. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Raf‐ERK1/2 on steroid hormone synthesis in bovine ovarian granulosa cells. Immunohistochemistry assay showed that both B‐Raf and C‐Raf were expressed in granulosa cells, theca cells and Sertoli cells. The protein expression of Raf or ERK1/2 was clearly decreased by Raf inhibitor GSK2118436 or ERK1/2 inhibitor SCH772984, respectively (p < 0.05). In addition, western blotting was performed for investigating the crosstalk between Raf and ERK1/2, the data showed that Raf positively regulated ERK1/2, whereas ERK1/2 had a negative feedback effect on Raf. The biosynthesis of oestradiol or testosterone was significantly decreased by treatment with GSK2118436 or SCH772984 (p < 0.05). Conversely, the progesterone biosynthesis was clearly increased by treatment with those inhibitors (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA expression of STAR, aromatase and CYP17 was blocked by Raf‐ERK1/2 signalling inhibition, which oppositely induced the mRNA expression of CYP11. Together, these findings suggested that Raf‐ERK1/2 signalling pathways mediate steroid hormone synthesis via affecting the expression of steroidogenic enzymes.  相似文献   

Thiamine deficiency affects glucose transport and β‐oxidation in rats     

Miko&#x;aj Antoni Gralak  Bogdan D&#x;bski  Ma&#x;gorzata Drywie&#x; 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(5):1629-1635

Thiamine is recognized as a cofactor for many enzymes involved in intermediary metabolism responsible for energy production. Animal model of thiamine deficiency (TD) included direct evaluation of glucose uptake by estimation of ³H‐deoxyglucose transport across red blood cells membranes and β‐oxidation of fatty acids in isolated leucocytes. Feeding of animals with the thiamine‐deficient diet (0.018 mg/kg diet) for 30 days resulted in disturbances in energy production. The thiamine intake was limited not only by vitamin B₁ deficiency in the diet, but also by time‐dependent drop of feed consumption by rats fed this diet. At the end of experiment, diet consumption in this group of rats was 52% lower than in the control group. This was accompanied by low glucose uptake by erythrocytes of rats suffering vitamin B₁ deficiency for longer time. At the end of experimental period, glucose uptake was over 2 times lower in TD erythrocytes than in control RBC. Such drop of energy production was not compensated by delivery of energy from fatty acid degradation. In leucocytes from TD rats, the β‐oxidation was also suppressed. Observed significant decrease of serum insulin from 2.25 ± 0.25 ng/ml (day 0) to 1.94 ± 0.17 ng/ml (day 30) might have significant impact on observed energy production disorders. The results from this study indicate that the thiamine deficiency significantly reduces feed intake and causes modest abnormalities in glucose and fatty acid utilization.  相似文献   

Comparative study of the developmental competence of cloned pig embryos derived from spermatogonial stem cells and fetal fibroblasts     

Joohyeong Lee  Yongjin Lee  Geun‐Shik Lee  Seung Tae Lee  Eunsong Lee 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(9):1258-1264

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) are promising resources for genetic preservation and restoration of male germ cells in humans and animals. However, no studies have used SSC as donor nuclei in pig somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). This study investigated the potential for use of porcine SSC as a nuclei donor for SCNT and developmental competence of SSC‐derived cloned embryos. In addition, demecolcine was investigated to determine whether it could prevent rupture of SSC during SCNT. When the potential of SSC to support embryonic development after SCNT was compared with that of foetal fibroblasts (FF), SSC‐derived SCNT embryos showed a higher (p < .05) developmental competence to the blastocyst stage (47.8%) than FF‐derived embryos (25.6%). However, when SSC were used as donor nuclei in the SCNT process, cell fusion rates were lower (p < .05) than when FF were used (61.9% vs. 75.8%). Treatment of SSC with demecolcine significantly (p < .05) decreased rupture of SSC during the SCNT procedure (7.5% vs. 18.8%) and increased fusion of cell‐oocyte couplets compared with no treatment (74.6% vs. 61.6%). In addition, SSC‐derived SCNT embryos showed higher blastocyst formation (48.4%) than FF‐derived embryos without (28.4%) and with demecolcine treatment (17.4%), even after demecolcine treatment. Our results demonstrate that porcine SSC are a desirable donor cell type for production of SCNT pig embryos and that demecolcine increases production efficiency of cloned embryos by inhibiting rupture of nuclei donor SSC during SCNT.  相似文献   

miR‐17‐5p affects porcine granulosa cell growth and oestradiol synthesis by targeting E2F1 gene     

Shuna Zhang  Ling Wang  Lei Wang  Yaru Chen  Fenge Li 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(11):1459-1469

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Recent advances in the correlations between dendritic cells and regulatory T cells     

HUANG Li-feng  YAO Yong-ming  SHENG Zhi-yong 《园艺学报》2008,24(3):610-616

Dendritic cells (DCs), representing a heterogenous population of professional antigen-presenting cells, are the initiators and modulators of the immune responses. Studies indicate that regulatory T cells contribute to immune nullipotency and immune suppression via cell-cell contact or cytokine secretion. These two kinds of cells may be valuable tools for modulating immunity in the setting of auto-immunity, cancer, chronic viral infections and graft rejection, etc. Here we discuss the current knowledge on the functions of regulatory T cells and denditic cells-based immunoregulation and the applications.  相似文献   

Targeting expression of TAT-p21WAF1/CIP1 fusion protein driven by PSA promoter in prostate cancer cells     

CAI Jie  YUAN Hui-qing  KONG Feng  REN Kai  WANG Xiao-ling  JI Kai  HU Xiao-yan  ZHANG Jian-ye 《园艺学报》2008,24(3):498-503

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Effect of shock lymph on apoptosis relative gene expression in pulmonary micro-vascular endothelial cells     

NIU Chun-yu  ZHAO Zi-gang  CHEN Rui-hua  ZHANG Jing  ZHANG Yu-ping  LIU Yan-kai 《园艺学报》2008,24(2):294-297

AIM:To observe the effects of shock lymph on apoptosis relative gene expressions of pulmonary micro-vascular endothelial cells (PMVECs), and explore its mechanism.METHODS:The model of severe hemorrhagic shock was established by maintaining the blood pressure of rats in the condition of sepsis, mesentery lymph and shock portal vein blood was taken out. As control, mesentery lymph, portal vein blood of normal rats was taken out. The primary PMVECs of passages 3 were treated by different treatment factors, respectively. The apoptosis rate was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the expressions of relative genes of apoptosis such as fas, fas L, bcl-2 and bax were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS:The apoptosis rate of PMVECs was 9.86%±3.24% after exposed to shock lymph at the final concentration of 4% for 4 hours and significantly higher than that in control (P<0.01). The expression levels of fas, fas L and bax mRNA were higher and bcl-2 mRNA was lower in shock lymph group than those in control group.CONCLUSION:The results demonstrated that the apoptosis of PMVECs of rats was induced by shock lymph, and its mechanism relate to high expression of apoptosis accelerative genes such as fas, fas L, bax mRNA and low expression of apoptosis inhibitory gene bcl-2.  相似文献   

Smad pathway participates the process of proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by extracellular signal regulated kinase pathway     

MU Da  HE Fang  REN Jiang-lin  ZHANG Hui-min  ZHONG Hua  DENG Feng-mei  SUN Zhi-ping 《园艺学报》2008,24(4):701-706

AIM: To investigate whether Smad pathway participates the process of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) induced the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS: Human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (hUASMCs) were divided into four groups: control group, PDGF (platelet derived growth factor) group, ERK blocking agent group and PDGF+ERK blocking agent group. MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation of hUASMCs (A value). Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of PCNA, phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) and phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) protein in hUASMCs. The expression of Smad2/3 mRNA in hUASMCs was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The proliferation of hUASMCs and the expression of PCNA, p-ERK and p-Smad2/3 proteins in hUASMCs in PDGF group were increased obviously than those in other groups (P<0.01). No difference in the expression of Smad2/3 mRNA in hUASMCs among groups was observed. CONCLUSION: Smad pathway participates the process of ERK pathway that induces the proliferation of hUASMCs at the level of protein.  相似文献