Ectopic epithelial cell clusters in salmonid intestine are associated with inflammation          下载免费PDF全文

H Bjørgen  E O Koppang  G Gunnes  I Hordvik  T Moldal  M Kaldhusdal  O B Dale 《Journal of fish diseases》2018,41(7):1031-1040

An epizootic incidence of intestinal adenocarcinomas was reported in brood fish of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in 2009. The condition was associated with a specific diet inducing enteritis and morphological changes. Here, two field trials of fish up to slaughter size were initiated. In Trial 1, two different feed recipes were used. Feed I was predominantly based on marine ingredients, whereas plant ingredients were limited to soy protein concentrate and wheat. Feed II was lower in fishmeal and without soya protein, which was substituted with plant proteins from other sources. In Trial 2, a commercial feed (Feed III) was included. No macroscopic tumours were observed in 300 fish (Trial 1). At the end of both trials, samples from five different segments of the gastrointestinal tract of a total of 39 fish were investigated with morphological methods. Here, we show the presence of ectopic proliferating epithelial cells only occurring in inflamed intestine and predominantly in the second segment of the mid‐intestine. Presence of ectopic epithelial cells in submucosal inflammatory foci may indicate early stages in tumorigenesis, but other possibilities such as proliferative enteric disorders cannot be excluded. Together with inflammation, carcinogenesis should be a focus of investigation in future feed trials.  相似文献   

水貂犬瘟热,病毒性肠炎和肉毒梭菌中毒三联疫苗的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴威  屠伟英 《畜牧兽医学报》1993,24(2):165-169

用FPV弱毒、CDV弱毒和肉毒梭菌C型疫苗研制成功了水貂三联疫苗。该苗安全可靠、免疫原性强、免疫期达6个月以上,同各单苗相比抗体产生期及效价相近,室温可保存3天;4℃可保存2周;-20℃可保存6个月。该苗的免疫剂量为2ml,其中CDV和FPV弱毒滴度分别为10~(3.0),肉菌梭菌C型疫苗为2mg/ml。现场应用26000余只水貂,抗体阳转率达90％以上。  相似文献   

A Serological Survey of Enteric Parvovirus Infections in Finnish Fur-Bearing Animals     

Pirjo Veijalainen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1986,27(2):159

Parvovirus infections in Finnish fur animals, i.e. ferrets, raccoon dogs, blue foxes and mink, were studied. The ferret was found to be the only insusceptible animal. Parvo enteritis of raccoon dogs, reported since 1980, has spread from East Finland to other parts of the country. A new candidate for the Parvovirus family was found to infect blue foxes. According to serologic investigations, the virus resembled feline panleukopenia virus more than canine parvovirus. Clinical signs during the infection have been mild. Annual vaccination has not eradicated mink enteritis virus on farms, but the disease has taken a subclinical form.  相似文献   

An Outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis Infection in Pygmy Hogs (Sus salvanius)     

Rahman H  Chakraborty A  Deka PJ  Narayan G  Prager R 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(2):95-102

An outbreak of salmonellosis was recorded in captive pygmy hogs (Sus salvanius), a critically endangered species of mammal. Of 42 captive animals maintained for conservation breeding by the Pygmy Hog Conservation Programme, Guwahati, Assam, India, 7 (16.67%) died within 3 days. The organism associated with this outbreak was identified as Salmonella enteritidis. The organisms were highly susceptible to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, norfloxacin and cefotaxim but were resistant to ampicillin, oxytetracycline, mezlocillin and sulfamerazin. The strain belonged to phage type 13a/7 and harboured two plasmids (38 and 44 megadaltons). The organisms were enterotoxigenic in CHO cell assay and were found to carry stn, sef and pef genes.  相似文献   

Emerging Technologies in Microbial Ecology Aid in Understanding the Effect of Monensin in the Diets of Broilers in Regard to the Complex Disease Necrotic Enteritis     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2006,15(1):145-153

Necrotic enteritis is a complex disease condition of broiler chickens, commercial layer pullets, and turkeys and requires the presence of a toxigenic strain of Clostridium perfringens, alteration of bird diets, and damage to the intestinal epithelium. All of these alone, but especially in combination, result in significant alterations of the intestinal microflora. The intestinal microflora is part of a complex ecosystem that is involved in augmenting intestinal development, immune surveillance, and competitive exclusion against pathogenic organisms. However, when the microflora fails to protect the mucosa from pathogens, antimicrobials are used to reduce the numbers of pathogenic organisms or to prevent their colonization of the intestine. We were interested in studying the effects of monensin on the bacterial community within the ileum of chickens because ionophore antimicrobials are commonly used to prevent Eimeria infections in broilers. We used two 16S ribosomal DNA community analysis protocols, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis combined with 16S rDNA clone libraries. These methods showed that monensin caused significant alterations in the microbial community structure of the ileum. Whereas the ileal bacterial community of control birds primarily consisted of lactobacilli, monensin-treated birds had communities rich in clostridia. None of the birds exhibited signs of intestinal disease or mucosal lesions, which suggested that the clostridia were avirulent. Although the therapeutic benefits of monensin may largely result from its anticoccidial effects, its ability to foster a competitively exclusive bacterial community may contribute to the intestinal health of birds, thus preventing the development of necrotic enteritis.  相似文献   

A comparison of the Sepsis-2 and Sepsis-3 definitions for assessment of mortality risk in dogs with parvovirus     

Kelsey Turley DVM  DACVECC  Kiko Bracker DVM  DACVECC  Catherine Fernan BS  Emily Gao MS  MPH  Alexandra Orsky BA  Danni Yang BA  Virginia Sinnott-Stutzman DVM  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2023,33(2):208-216

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Variation in commercial sources of soybean meal influences the severity of enteritis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P.A. URÁN  J.W. SCHRAMA  S. JAAFARI  G. BAARDSEN  J.H.W.M. ROMBOUT  W. KOPPE  & J.A.J. VERRETH 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2009,15(5):492-499

Soybean meal (SBM) is a potential alternative for the replacement of fishmeal in aquafeeds. In Atlantic salmon, however, dietary SBM causes an inflammation of the distal intestine, known as SBM-induced enteritis. The objective of the present study is to verify whether different (geographically spread) commercial sources of SBM yield contrasting inflammatory responses. To do so, six SBM batches from different origins were included in the Atlantic salmon diets at the level of 20%. After 4 weeks of feeding, the distal intestine of the salmon was sampled and scored by a semi-quantitative scoring system, which assessed six separated parameters, characterizing the extent of enteritis. The overall mean score as well as the score of the separate parameters varied between the different commercial sources of SBM included in the diet. The variation in SBM caused different degrees of disparity in the score of the separate parameters. The parameter that was most affected by the variation in the source of SBM was the disappearance of supranuclear vacuoles in enterocytes. In contrast, the increase in goblet cells showed the smallest variation between the different SBM sources. This study shows that different commercial sources of SBM can result in differences in the severity of SBM-induced enteritis in Atlantic salmon.  相似文献   

Time-related changes of the intestinal morphology of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., at two different soybean meal inclusion levels     

P A Urán  J W Schrama  J H W M Rombout  J J Taverne-Thiele  A Obach  W Koppe  J A J Verreth 《Journal of fish diseases》2009,32(9):733-744

Soybean meal (SBM) induces enteritis in the distal intestine of Atlantic salmon. The present study assesses the effects of SBM concentrations on the kinetics of the enteritis process. Fish of 300 g, kept at 12 °C, were fed diets with different SBM inclusions: 0%, 10% and 20% SBM for 57 days. Samples of the distal intestine of five fish per treatment were taken for histological and electron microscopical analysis. A semi-quantitative scoring system was used to assess the degree of the morphological changes induced by SBM feeding in the distal intestinal epithelium. The first signs of enteritis appeared earlier in the salmon fed the 20SBM diet than in those fed the 10SBM diet. Thereafter, the condition increased steadily, displaying no signs of recovery. Furthermore, at the lower concentration, the process marking the onset of enteritis began more gradually than at the higher concentration and it displayed a tendency to stabilize after 13–20 days of continuous feeding. Electron microscopy indicated that the endocytosis process was hampered at day 3 of 20SBM and at 7 days of 10SBM. Furthermore, a strong reduction of microvilli was already evident after 7 days of 20SBM feeding, thus indicating a decreased uptake capacity of the distal enterocytes. In addition, transformation and migration of eosinophilic granulocytes was observed, which, in combination with the lysozyme C immunoreactivity supports their protective role during the inflammatory process in the distal gut of Atlantic salmon. It can be concluded that the severity of enteritis and its kinetics are concentration-dependent, showing no signs of recovery during feeding with diets containing SBM.  相似文献   

精氨酸对许氏平鲉豆粕型肠炎的修复作用研究          下载免费PDF全文

王晓艳  李宝山  孙永智  王成强  李璐  孙晓宇  王丹  左震  李培玉  黄炳山  王际英 《渔业科学进展》2024,45(3):76-86

为研究精氨酸(Arg)对患有豆粕型肠炎(SBMIE)的许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)生长性能、Arg代谢、肠道组织结构、抗氧化性能、肠道紧密连接蛋白基因(occludin、clnd15和zo-1)及炎症因子基因(il-1β、il-8、il-15和tlr8)和抗炎因子基因(il-12b)表达量的影响,以(54.97±0.12) g已诱导出SBMIE的许氏平鲉为研究对象,基础配方中添加30%豆粕,以Arg 0添加为对照组(D0),添加1%、2%和3% Arg为处理组(D1、D2和D3),配制4组等氮等能的实验饲料,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾鱼,进行为期6周的养殖实验。结果显示,D2和D3组实验鱼增重率显著升高(P<0.05),各处理组肝体比和脏体比均显著低于D0组,肥满度显著高于D0组(P<0.05);处理组血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)、诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)活性及一氧化氮(NO)含量显著降低(P<0.05),D2和D3组总一氧化氮合成酶(T-NOS)活性显著降低(P<0.05);Arg显著提高了实验鱼肠道皱襞高度(P<0.05);处理组肠道总抗氧化能力显著升高,并以D2组最高(P<0.05),D2和D3组丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05);相比较D0组,各处理组occludin mRNA相对表达量显著上调,D2组clnd15 和D1组zo-1 mRNA相对表达量显著上调(P<0.05);处理组肠道il-1β、il-15和tlr8 mRNA相对表达量显著下调,il-12b mRNA相对表达量显著上调(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本实验条件下,高豆粕饲料中添加Arg能显著提高SBMIE-许氏平鲉的生长性能和抗氧化性能,改善Arg代谢和肠道组织结构,上调肠道紧密连接蛋白和抗炎因子基因相对表达量,下调炎症因子基因相对表达量。Arg (2%最佳)对许氏平鲉SBMIE具有修复作用。本研究为Arg修复SBMIE的机制提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

A comparative molecular study of the presence of “Candidatus arthromitus” in the digestive system of rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), healthy and affected with rainbow trout gastroenteritis     

J Del‐Pozo  J Turnbull  H Ferguson  M Crumlish 《Journal of fish diseases》2010,33(3):241-250

Observations were made using histopathological techniques in conjunction with a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for the specific detection of “Candidatus arthromitus” on DNA extracted from wax‐embedded tissues and fresh digestive contents of rainbow trout. Samples positive for “Candidatus arthromitus” DNA included fish with rainbow trout gastroenteritis (RTGE), clinically normal cohabiting fish, and apparently healthy controls from RTGE positive and RTGE negative sites. The results obtained from the PCR were confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. “Candidatus arthromitus” DNA was found in distal intestine as well as in sections of pyloric caeca, suggesting that both these locations are appropriate for molecular detection of “Candidatus arthromitus” DNA in trout. Furthermore, rainbow trout fry distal intestinal samples from two different hatcheries where RTGE had not been reported were also positive. Differences in “Candidatus arthromitus” DNA detection between paraffin wax‐embedded and fresh digestive content samples from the same fish suggested that it may be predominantly epithelium‐associated in healthy trout. Parallel histopathological observations indicated that pyloric caeca are the preferred site for visualizing segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) in trout with RTGE. The results of this study showed that the presence of SFB was not invariably associated with clinical disease and that more information is required to understand the role of these organisms.  相似文献